Jerusalem Talmud Yevamot 10.1

משנה: הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעֲלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ מֵת בַּעֲלֵיךְ נִשֵּׂאת וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא בַּעֲלָהּ תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה וּצְרִיכָה גֵט מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה וְאֵין לָהּ לא כְּתוּבָּה. וְלֹא פֵירוֹת וְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת וְלֹא בְלָאוֹת עַל זֶה וְעַל זֶה. וְאִם נָטְלָה מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה תַּחֲזִיר וְהַוְולָד מַמְזֵר מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. וְלֹא זֶה וְזֶה מִטַּמְּאִין לָהּ. וְלֹא זֶה וְזֶה זַכָּאִים לֹא בִמְצִיאָתָהּ וְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ וְלֹא בְהֵפֵר נְדָרֶיהָ. הָיְתָה בַת יִשְׂרָאֵל נִפְסְלָה מִן הַכְּהוּנָּה. וּבַת לֵוִי מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. וּבַת כֹּהֵן מִן הַתְּרוּמָה. וְאֵין יוֹרְשָׁיו שֶׁל זֶה וְלֹא יוֹרְשָׁיו שֶּׁל זֶה יוֹרְשִׁין אֶת כְּתוּבָּתָהּ. מֵתוּ אָחִיו שֶׁל זֶֶה וְאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה חוֹלְצִין וְלֹא מְיַיבְּמִין.

MISHNAH: A woman’s husband went overseas and some persons came and told her, your husband died. If she remarried and then the husband returned, she has to leave both husbands, she needs a bill of divorce from both of them, she has neither ketubah nor usufruct nor used clothing from either of them, and if she took anything she must return it. Any child from either of the men is a bastard; neither of them may defile himself for her. Neither man has any claim on what she finds or earns, or on invalidation of her vows. If she was the daughter of an Israel, she is disabled from priesthood, the daughter of a Levite from tithe, the daughter of a Cohen from heave. The heirs of neither man inherit her ketubah. If they died, the brothers of both of them perform ḥalîṣah but not levirate.

הלכה: הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעֲלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם כול׳. כְּמַה דְתֵימַר תַּמָּן מַפְרִישִׁין אוֹתָן שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים שֶׁמָּא מְעוֹבָּרוֹת הֵן. וְאִם הָיוּ קְטַנּוֹת וְלֹא הָיוּ רְאוּיוֹת לְוְולָד מַחֲזִירִין אוֹתָן מִיָּד. וְאָמַר אַף הָכָא כֵן. שַׁנְיָיא הִיא תַמָּן שֶׁאֲחֵרִים הִטְעוּ בָהֶן. וְהָכָא לֹא אֲחֵרִים הִטְעוּ בָהּ. קְנָס קָנְסוּ בָהּ שֶׁתְּהֵא בוֹדֶקֶת יָפֶה. וְיִקְנְסוּ בָה אֶצֶל הַשֵּׁינִי וְלֹא יִקְנְסוּ בָה אֶצֶל הָרִאשׁוֹן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. מֵרֵיחַ עֶרְוָה נָגְעוּ בָהּ. מֵעַתָּה לֹא תְהֵא צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט. שַׁנְיָיא הִיא שֶׁנִּישֵּׂאת לוֹ דֶרֶךְ הֵיתֵר. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. אוֹמֵר אֲנִי. שֶׁמָּא שִׁילַּח לָהּ גִיטָּהּ מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם. הָתִיב רִבִּי חַגַּיי קוֹמֵי רִבִּי זְעִירָה. וְהָתַנִּינָן. אָמְרוּ לָהּ. מֵת בַּעֲלֵיךְ. וְנִתְקַדְּשָׁה וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא [בַעֲלָהּ]. מוּתֶּרֶת לַחֲזוֹר לוֹ. אִם אוֹמֵר אַתְּ. שֶׁמָּא שִׁילַּח לָהּ גִיטָּהּ מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם. תְּהֵא אֲסוּרָה לַחֲזוֹר לוֹ. אֶלָּא כְרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶן כִּיפֵּר. דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶן כִּיפֵּר אָמַר. מִן הָאֵירוּסִין מוּתֶּרֶת. וְלֹא מוֹדֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶן כִּיפֵּר שֶׁאִם נָתַן לָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן גֵּט לֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהוּנָּה. וְהָתַנִּינָן. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּתַן לָהּ הָאַחֲרוֹן גֵּט לֹא פְסָלָהּ מִן הַכְּהוּנָּה. רַבָּנִין דְּקַיסָרִין בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי הִילָא. כְּדֵי לְבָרֵר אִיסּוּרוֹ שֶׁל רִאשׁוֹן.

HALAKHAH: “A woman’s husband went overseas,” etc. As you say there, “these women one separates for three months to see whether they are pregnant. If they were minors not yet able to have a child one returns them at once.” Should one not say the same here? There is a difference, since there others deceived them. Did here not also others deceive them? They instituted a fine so that she should investigate carefully. Then they should fine her with respect to the second [husband] but not with respect to the first! Rebbi Joḥanan said, they touched this case because it looks like adultery. Then she should not need a bill of divorce from him! There is a difference since she was married to him in a lawful manner. Samuel said, I say, maybe he sent her a bill of divorce from overseas. Rebbi Ḥaggai objected before Rebbi Ze‘ira: Did we not state: “If they said to her, your husband has died, she was betrothed and then her husband came, she is permitted to return to him.” If you say, maybe he sent her a bill of divorce from overseas; should she not be forbidden to return to him? But it must follow Rebbi Yose ben Kipper, as Rebbi Yose ben Kipper said, from betrothal it is permitted. Did Rebbi Yose ben Kipper not agree that if the second husband gave her a bill of divorce that she was not disabled from priesthood? As we have stated, “even if the second husband gave her a bill of divorce, she was not disabled from priesthood.” The rabbis of Caesarea in the name of Rebbi Hila: In order to make clear the prohibition of the first.

עַד כְּדוֹן בְּיוֹדַעַת שֶׁהִיא אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ. לֹא הָיְתָה יוֹדַעַת שֶׁהִיא אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ. נִתְגָּרְשָׁה וְהָלְכָה וְהִשִּׂיאָה אֶת עַצְמָהּ. וְאָמַר רִבִּי אִילָא. תַּנֵּי תַּמָּן. כָּל הַעֲרָיוֹת אֵינָן צְרִיכוֹת הִימֶּינּוּ גֵט חוּץ מֵאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ בִּלְבָד. רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר. אַף אֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו. שַׁנְיָיא הִיא תַּמָּן בֵּין שֶׁהִיא יוֹדַעַת בֵּין שֶׁאֵינָהּ יוֹדַעַת. וְהָכָא לֹא שַׁנְיָיא בֵּין שֶׁהִיא יוֹדַעַת בֵּין שֶׁאֵינָהּ יוֹדַעַת.

So far if she knows that she is a married woman. What if she did not know that she was a married woman? Let us hear from the following: An underage girl who was married off by her father. She was divorced and went and married on her own. About this Rebbi Hila said, one states there, for incestuous relationships no divorce is needed except for a married woman; Rebbi Aqiba says also from his wife’s sister and his brother’s wife. Is there a difference? There, whether she knows or does not know, here also whether she knows or does not know.

וְלֹא פֵירוֹת. וְאָמַר רִבִּי אֲבִינָא. שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְהוֹצִיא מִמֶּנּוּ אֲכִילַת פֵּירוֹת שֶׁאָכַל. הָדָא דְתֵימַר בְּשֶׁאָכַל עַד שֶּׁלֹּא בָא הָרִאשׁוֹן. אֲבָל אִם אָכַל מִשֶּׁבָּא הָרִאשׁוֹן מוֹצִיאָה.

“Nor usufruct.” Rebbi Avina said, that she cannot recover from him the usufruct he took. That means, before the first [husband] returned. But if he took after the return of the first, she can recover.

וְאִם נָטְלָה מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה תַּחֲזוֹר. הָדָא דְתֵימַר בְּשֶׁנָּטְלָה מִשֶּׁבָּא הָרִאשׁוֹן. אֲבָל אִם נָטְלָה עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא הָרִאשׁוֹן כְּמָא דְלָא מַפְקָה מִינֵּיהּ כֵּן לֹא מַפְקֵא מִינָּהּ.

“And if she took anything one takes it away from her.” That means, if she took something after the first [husband] returned. But if she took before the first returned, just as she cannot take from him so he cannot take from her.

וְהַוְולָד מַמְזֵר מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. נִיחָא דִוְולָד מַמְזֵר מִן הַשֵּׁינִי. הַוְולָד מַמְזֵר מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן. רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי [זְעִירָה] אָמַר. דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה הִיא. דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אָמַר. הַבָּא עַל סוֹטָתוֹ הַוְולָד מַמְזֵר. הַמַּחֲזִיר גְּרוּשָּׁתוֹ מִשְּׁנִּישֵּׂאת הַוְולָד מַמְזֵר. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי הִילָא. דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הַוְולָד כָּשֵּׁר. כְּגִיטָּהּ כֵּן מַמְזֵירָהּ. מַה נְפַק מן בֵּינֵיהוֹן. נָתַן לָהּ הַשֵּׁינִי גֵט וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא עָלֶיהָ הָרִאשׁוֹן. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי זְעִירָה הַוְולָד מַמְזֵר כְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי הִילָא דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הַוְולָד כָּשֵּׁר.

“Any child from either of the men is a bastard.” One understands that the child is a bastard from the second [husband]. Is it a bastard from the first? Rebbi Abba in the name of Rebbi Ze‘ira, this follows Rebbi Aqiba, since Rebbi Aqiba says if a man copulates with his wife whom he accuses of infidelity the child is a bastard, if a man takes back his divorcee after she had remarried the child is a bastard. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Hila, according to everybody the child is acceptable; the status of her bill of divorce is the status of her bastardy. What is the difference between them? If the second one gave her a bill of divorce and then the first one copulated with her. In the opinion of Rebbi Abba in the name of Rebbi Ze‘ira, the child is a bastard following Rebbi Aqiba; in the opinion of Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Hila, according to everybody the child is acceptable.

לֹא זֶה וְזֶה מִיטַּמִּין לָהּ. הָדָא הִיא דְתַנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה. מִטַּמֵּא הוּא אָדָם לְאִשְׁתּוֹ כְשֵׁירָה. וְאֵינוֹ מִיטַּמֵּא לְאִשְׁתּוֹ פְסוּלָה.

“Neither of them may defile himself for her.” That is what Rebbi Ḥiyya stated: “A man defiles himself for his acceptable wife but he does not defile himself for his disqualified wife.”

אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי. תֵּצֵא בִשְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר דָּבָר. וְאִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי. תֵּצֵא בְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר דָּבָר. מָאן דָּמַר. תֵּצֵא בִשְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר דָּבָר. עֲבַד בִּמְצִיאָתָהּ וּבְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ חָדָא. וּמָאן דָּמַר. בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר דָּבָר. עֲבַד כָּל חָדָא וְחָדָא מִינְּהוֹן חָדָא.

Some Tannaim state, she leaves under thirteen disabilities, but some Tannaim state, she leaves under fourteen disabilities. He who says that she leaves under thirteen disabilities takes what she finds and what she earns as one case, but he who says under fourteen disabilities takes each one by itself.

אָמַר רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה. לְוִיָּה שֶׁזִּינָת אוֹכֶלֶת בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. וְתַנֵּי כֵן. לְוִיָּיה שֶׁנִּשְׁבֵּית אוֹ שֶׁבָּא עָלֶיהָ אֶחָד מִן הַפְּסוּלִין לָהּ לֹא כָל הֵימֶנָּה לְפוֹסְלָהּ. לְוִיִים הַמְזוּהָמִין מֵאִימָּן לֹא חָשׁוּ לָהֶם מִשּׁוּם רֵיחַ פְּסוּל. וְהָתַנִּינָן בַּת לֵוִי מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. תִּיפְתָּר שֶׁבָּא עָלֶיהָ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיָלְדָה מִמֶּנּוּ בֶן.

Rebbi Jeremiah said, the promiscuous levitic woman still eats tithe. One has stated thus: If a levitic woman was kidnapped or if any one barred for her copulated with her, he is not empowered to disable her. One does not suspect even a hint of disability for Levites who were compromised from their mother’s side. But did we not state: “the daughter of a Levite from tithe”? Rebbi Yose said, explain it that an Israel came upon her and she bore him a son.

רִבִּי בִּיסְנָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. כֹּהֶנֶת שֶׁזִּינָת אוֹכֶלֶת בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. וְלֹא מַתְנִיתָא הִיא. בַּת כֹּהֵן מִן הַתְּרוּמָה. הָא בְמַעֲשֵׂר אוֹכֶלֶת. כְּמָאן דְּאָמַר. אֵין נוֹתְנִין מַעֲשֵׂר לִכְהוּנָּה. אָמַר רִבִּי נָסָא. מִילֵּיהוֹן דְּרַבָּנִן פְּלִיגִין. דְאָמַר רִבִּי הִילָא שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹסִינָא בְשֵׁם רַב הוֹשַׁעְיָה. כֹּהֵן שֶׁבָּא עַל גְּרוּשָׁה וְהוֹלִיד בֶּן וּמֵת הָאָב. בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים הַבֶּן חַיָּיב לִפְדוֹת אֶת עַצְמוֹ. לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם חֲזָקָה שֶׁפְּדָייוֹ אָבִיו. וְאִם לָאֲחֵרִים הוּא פוֹדֶה לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן בְּנוֹ.

Rebbi Bisna in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: A promiscuous priestly woman may eat tithe. Is that not the Mishnah: “the daughter of a Cohen from heave,” this implies that she eats tithe. It may follow him who says that tithe is not given to Cohanim. Rebbi Nasa said, the words of the rabbis disagree, since Rebbi Hila, Simeon ben Yosina, in the name of Rebbi Hoshaia said: If a Cohen came upon a divorcee, had a son from her, and died. [If the father died] within thirty days [of the son’s birth], the son must redeem himself. After thirty days, the presumption is that his father redeemed him. If he redeems for others, certainly for his son.

וְלֹא כְּבָר תְּנִינָתָהּ. אֵין לָהּ כְּתוּבָּה. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן יַעֲקֹב. שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר. בָּהּ קָנְסוּ וְלֹא קָנְסוּ בְיוֹרְשֶׁיהָ. לְפוּם כֵּן צָרִיךְ מֵימַר. אֵין לָהּ כְּתוּבָּה.

Had it not already been stated: “she has no ketubah”? Rebbi Yose ben Jacob said, that you should not say, they fined her but not her heirs. Therefore it was necessary to say, she has no ketubah.

סוֹטָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהִיא אֲסוּרָה לַבַּעַל כָּךְ הִיא אֲסוּרָה לַבּוֹעֵל. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהִיא אֲסוּרָה לְאָחִיו שֶׁלַּבַּעַל כָּךְ הִיא אֲסוּרָה לְאָחִיו שֶׁלַּבּוֹעֵל. יָכוֹל כְּשֵׁם שֶׁצָּרַת סוֹטָה אֲסוּרָה לְאָחִיו שֶׁלַּבַּעַל כָּךְ תְּהֵא אֲסוּרָה לְאָחִיו שֶׁלַּבּוֹעֵל. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעֲלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם. בָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ. מֵת בַּעֲלֵיךְ. וְהָיָה לָהּ יָבָם כָּאן וְיִבְּמָהּ וָמֵת. וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא בַּעֲלָהּ. אָסוּר בָּהּ וּמוּתָּר בְּצָרָתָהּ. אָסוּר בָהּ וּמוּתָּר בְּאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו. וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו לֹא כְצָרַת סוֹטָה הִיא. הָדָא אָמְרָה שֶׁצָּרַת סוֹטָה מוּתָּר לְאָחִיו שֶׁלַּבּוֹעֵל. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן. אַתְיָיא כְרַבָּנִן דְּתַמָּן. דְּאָמַר רִבִּי הִילָא וְתַנֵּיי תַמָּן. כָּל הַעֲרָיוֹת אֵינָן צְרִיכוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ גֵט חוּץ מֵאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ בִּלְבָד. רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר. אַף אֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו (לֹא כְצָרַת סוֹטָה הִיא. הָדָא אָמְרָה. צָרַת סוֹטָה מוּתֶּרֶת לְאָחִיו שֶׁל בּוֹעֵל.) בְּרַם כְּרַבָּנִן דְּהָכָא. רִבִּי חִיָיה אָמַר בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הַכֹּל מוֹדִין בְּאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו שֶׁהִיא צְרִיכָה הִימֶּינּוּ גֵט מִשּׁוּם הֲלָכָה אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ קָנָה בָהּ. עֶרְוָה [הִיא]. וְעֶרְוָה פּוֹטֶרֶת צָרָתָהּ. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה. אֲפִילוּ כְרַבָנִן דְּהָכָא אַתְיָיא הִיא. בָּהּ קָנְסוּ וְלֹא קָנְסוּ בְיוֹרְשֶׁיהָ. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי הִילֵּל. אִם כְּרַבָּנִן דְּתַמָּן יְהֵא מוּתָּר בָּהּ. רִבִּי זְעִירָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. צָרַת סוֹטָה אֲסוּרָה וְצָרַת גְּרוּשָׁה מוּתֶּרֶת. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. כָּל הַצָּרוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת חוּץ מִצָּרַת סוֹטָה. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. גְּרוּשָׁה עַצְמָהּ מוּתֶּרֶת לְבֵיתָהּ. מַה פְלִיג. בְּגִין דַּהֲווֹן עָסְקִין בְּצָרוֹת לֹא אִדְכָּרִין גְּרוּשׁוֹת. צָרַת סוֹטָה לָמָּה הִיא אֲסוּרָה. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. מֵרֵיח עֶרְוָה נָגְעוּ בָהּ. רַב אָמַר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהּ טוּמְאָה כַעֲרָיוֹת.

Just as the woman accused of infidelity is forbidden to her husband, so she is forbidden to her paramour. Just as she is forbidden to her husband’s brother, so she is forbidden to her paramour’s brother. I might think that just as the co-wife of a woman accused of infidelity is forbidden to her husband’s brother, so she should be forbidden to her paramour’s brother. Let us hear from the following: “A woman’s husband went overseas; they came and told her that her husband had died, and she had a levir here; he married her in levirate and died. Then her husband returned. She is forbidden to him but her co-widow is permitted to him; she is forbidden to him but his brother’s wife is permitted to him.” Is his brother’s wife not like the co-wife of a woman accused of infidelity? That means that the co-wife of a woman accused of infidelity is permitted to her paramour’s brother. Rebbi Judan said, this follows the rabbis there, as Rebbi Hila said, one states there, for incestuous relationships no divorce is needed except for a married woman; Rebbi Aqiba says also from his wife’s sister and his brother’s wife (not like the co-wife of a woman accused of infidelity? That implies that the co-wife of a woman accused of infidelity is permitted to her paramour’s brother.) But following the rabbis here? Rebbi Ḥiyya said in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, everybody agrees that his brother’s wife needs a bill of divorce from him because of the rule of a married wife. He married a person forbidden by the incest rules, and an incest-prohibited woman frees her co-wife. Rebbi Ḥananiah said, it is accepted even according to the rabbis here. They fined her but not her heirs. Rebbi Ḥananiah, the son of Rebbi Hillel, said, according to the rabbis there, she should be permitted to him. Rebbi Ze‘ira in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, the co-wife of a woman accused of infidelity is forbidden, the co-wife of a divorcee is permitted. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: All co-wives are permitted except the co-wife of a woman accused of infidelity. Samuel said, the divorcee herself is permitted in her house. Does he disagree? Since they were discussing co-wives they did not mention divorcees. Why is the co-wife of a woman accused of infidelity forbidden? Rebbi Joḥanan said, they touched this case because it looks like adultery. Rav said, because impurity is written there parallel to incest prohibitions.