Rabbinic JudaismJerusalem Talmud Maasrot 1.2HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
The Jerusalem TalmudJerusalem Talmud Maasrot 1.2

The Jerusalem Talmud

Jerusalem Talmud Maasrot 1.2

1
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

MISHNAH: From when are fruits subject to tithes? Figs from the moment they start to ripen, grapes and wild grapes when they start to produce sap. Sumac and mulberries when they start to become red, and all red fruits when they start to become red. Pomegranates when they become soft, dates when they start to become bloated. Peaches when they get stripes, walnuts when they form a container. Rebbi Jehudah says, walnuts and almonds when they develop a shell. Carobs from when they become spotted, and all black ones when they become spotted. Pears, golden apples, quince, and sorbs, when they get bald, and all white ones when they get bald. Fenugreek so that a new plant grows. And olives when they contain a third.

2
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

HALAKHAH: What means ביחילו? Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said, if it comes alive, as you say (Zach. 11:8): “And their souls were too much for me.” Rebbi Abba bar Jacob in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: When they start to become red outside. Do all figs become red on the outside? Rebbi Tanḥum bar Marion said in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: He takes one and puts it somewhere. If that one ripens within 24 hours they are obligated, otherwise they are free.

3
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

New section. “Grapes and wild grapes when they start to produce sap.” Rebbi Zeїra in the name of Rebbi Yasa: When they are called wretched grapes. Rebbi Ayvo bar Nagari, Rebbi Tanḥum bar Ilaї in the name of Rebbi Naḥum bar Simai: Only if their seeds are visible from the outside.

4
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Joḥanan said: I was riding on my grandfather’s shoulder when I heard the voice of Rebbi Simeon ben Eleazar who was sitting and stating: “One collects the insides of a sweet melon but one does not collect the insides of a water melon.” What is the difference between the insides of a sweet melon and those of a water melon? Rebbi Simeon ben Barsana said, the insides of a sweet melon are for eating, those of a water melon for sowing. If you would say so, you will end up sweeping the ground on the Sabbath.

5
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

New section. “All red fruits when they start to become red.” Miasha stated: Even if only one pomegranate was soft, all is connected for tithe. “A bunch of grapes one berry of which became red is all connected for tithes.” Rebbi Ḥanina said, they made it clear to us, [this refers to] the entire vine, even to the entire strain. They added and made it clear, all this direction. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, the entire vineyard. If it was a small vineyard and he made it large, large and he made it small, one and he split in into two, two which he united?

6
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Samuel said, if a pumpkin was punctured, all that grows in that depression is forbidden. The same holds for bunches of dates. “ Rebbi Yose said, Jonathan ben Ḥarasha from Genezareth asked Rabban Gamliel and the Sages at Jabneh: What is the status of punctured soft dates on their tree? They said to him, that entire date palm is forbidden.” Rebbi Yose said, that statement is needed if all [dates] are punctured; you should not say, since a snake does not usually do this, a cloud of birds rested on them and pecked at them. Rebbi Jonah in the name of Rebbi Simeon the Pious: Punctured soft dates on their tree are forbidden, but people behave as if they were permitted and they are not hurt.

7
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

New section. “Pomegranates when they get soft.” Rebbi Zeïra in the name of Rebbi Assi: When the food gets soft in his hand. Rebbi Jehudah bar Pazi in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: From when half the juice is in them. Rebbi Jonah asked: Maybe he understood that from teachers of homilies? (Deut. 1:28) “Our brethren made our hearts melt,” they split our hearts in two.

8
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“Dates when they start to become bloated.” Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said, when the indentation is straightened out. Rebbi Jonah asked: How do we hold? If the indentation is straightened out, it is wind-fall! If the pit can be separated, it is fully ripe! The rabbis from Caesarea say, when they are ready to be eaten.

9
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“Peaches when they get stripes.” Rebbi Zeïra in the name of Assi: When they get red stripes.

10
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“Walnuts and almonds when they form a container. Rebbi Jehudah says, walnuts and almonds when they develop a shell. They said, the inner skin close to the edible part. The Sages agree with Rebbi Jehudah regarding filberts, pistachios, pine nuts, when they develop a shell.”

11
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Ḥinena bar Pappa stated, for carob trees their forming clusters means their sprouting. “All black ones”, e. g., bunches of the myrtle and bunches of senna [berries]. Quince, quince. Why are they called “prepared”, because there is no tree only producing for the pot except that kind.

12
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

New section 1. “All white ones,” e. g. מרפייתא. Rebbi Ḥinena bar Pappa said, when they get white bald spots. Rebbi Simeon ben Yoḥai stated, when water starts to flow in them. There came a case before Rebbi Ḥanina and he wanted to act following Rebbi Ḥinena bar Pappa. He had second thoughts and said, do they get bald because of the edible part? Rather it is because a worm is in them!

13
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

New paragraph 2. “Fenugreek so that a new plant grows.” So is the Mishnah: So that it would grow if sown. How can one check? Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥman in the name of Rebbi Jonathan: He takes a handful and puts it into a pot full of water. If the greater part of it will sink down, it is obligated; otherwise it is exempt. Rebbi Jonah asked: In this case, should not that which sank down be obligated, what did not sink down be exempted? But it must have been said about the greater part of each single ear. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun confirmed: It has been said about the greater part of each single ear.

14
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Zeïra said: It is written (Deut 14:22): “You shall certainly tithe all your seed-yield.” Anything which will grow when sown; this excludes seeds less than one-third ripe which will not grow when sown. Rebbi Ḥinena in the name of Rebbi: The fluids from grapes or olives which are not one-third ripe will not prepare [for impurity].

15
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: From when are olives subject to tithes? When the quickly growing summer fruit first ripens. If no quickly growing summer fruit ripens, when white figs first ripen. If there are no white figs to ripen, when the second batch is seen in the muqẓeh. Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Yose said in the name of Rebbi Tanḥum bar Ḥiyya, when the first really white white figs ripen. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, this refers only to white figs of the same place.

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Jerusalem Talmud Maasrot 1.2English
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Jerusalem Talmud Maasrot 1.20%

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

Hebrew/Aramaic text: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015), via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

English translation: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015); commentary notes omitted, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

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