Rabbinic JudaismJerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 1.2HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
The Jerusalem TalmudJerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 1.2

The Jerusalem Talmud

Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 1.2

1
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

MISHNAH: The following are the holidays of the Gentiles: Calendae, Saturnalia, and Cratesis, and the king’s birthday, and birthday, and the day of death, the words of Rebbi Meïr. But the Sages say, any death for which there is burning is idolatrous; if there is no burning it is not idolatrous.

2
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

HALAKHAH: “The following are the holidays of the Gentiles,” etc. Rav said ‘edehen and Samuel said `edehen. He who said ‘edehen, they are their witnesses. He who said `edehen, for the day of their misfortune is near. Rav said me`abberim, and Samuel said me‘abberin. He who said me`abberin, one adds a limb to it. He who said me‘abberin, like a pregnant woman. Rav said ye`utu, and Samuel said, ye‘utu. He who said ye`utu, but with this we shall be agreeable to you. He who said ye‘utu, to know, to inform the weary of wisdom.

3
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rav said, Adam, the first man, instituted Calendas. When he saw that the night was getting longer, he said, woe to me, maybe this is what is written for, he shall smite your head, you will sneak to his heel, maybe it will come to bite me. I said, but darkness will smite me. When he saw that days were getting longer, he said calendas, καλόνdies. This follows him who said that the world was created in Tishre. But following him who said that the world was created in Nisan, he would have known. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, who thinks that the world was created in Tishre? Rav! As we have stated in the composition for shofar blowing from the House of Rav: “This is the day of the beginning of Your works, a remembrance of the first day.” This implies that the world was created on New Year’s Day.

4
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Joḥanan does not say so, but the empire of Egypt and the empire of Rome were fighting with one another. They said, how long are we killing one another in this war? Let us institute the rule that the empire should be preeminent which will tell its army commander, fall on your sword, and he will obey. The Egyptian did not obey. In Rome there was an old man by the name of Januarius who had twelve sons. They told him, if you obey us we shall make your sons dukes, eparchoi, and generals. He listened to them. Therefore, it is called Calendae Januarii. The next day they mourn him, a black day. Rebbi Yudan from Antodra said, if one sows lentils on that day, they will not succeed.

5
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rav said, Calendae are forbidden for everybody. Rebbi Joḥanan said, it is forbidden only for those worshipping on them. Saturnalia are forbidden for everybody. Rebbi Joḥanan said, both Calendae and Saturnalia are forbidden only for those worshipping on them. The colleagues asked: are wives of worshippers like worshippers? Rebbi Abbahu asked: is the parade of Caesarea like worship, since it is full of Samaritans? The parade of Duqim is questionable. Rebbi Ze‘ira sent Rebbi Bevai that he should buy him a small web from the Saturnalia of Bet-Shean. He came to Rebbi Yose. He thought that he would instruct him following Rebbi Joshua ben Levi who permitted it. But he instructed him following Rebbi Joḥanan that it was forbidden. Rav said, Calends are eight days before the solstice, Saturnalia eight days after the solstice. Rebbi Joḥanan said, prwqṭw is the head of the turning point.

6
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav: There are three times in Babylonia, three times in Media. Three times in Babylonia, מהורי וכנוני וכוונתה. Three in Media, נוסרדי ותירייסקי ומהירקנה. Rebbi Huna in the name of Rab Naḥman bar Jacob: New Year’s Day is on the second of March in Persia, on the 20th of March in Media.

7
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“Saturnalia,” “hidden hatred; hating, taking revenge, preserving [hatred].” This is what you say, Esau hated Jacob. Rebbi Isaac ben Rebbi Eleazar said, in Rome they call it “senate of Esau.”

8
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“Cratesis.” The day when Rome took hold of the Empire. Was this not stated already? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, for the second time. Rebbi Levi said, on the day when Solomon married the daughter of Pharao Necho, the king of Egypt, Michael descended and put a stick into the Sea which attracted debris and formed a forest; that is the great fortification in Rome. On the day when Jeroboam put up two golden calves, Remus and Romulus built two sheds in Rome. On the day Eliahu disappeared a king was installed at Rome; a king, there is no king appointed in Edom.

9
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“The king’s birthday.” It was on the third day, Pharao’s birthday.

10
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“Birthday, and the day of death.” The preceding was for the public, from here on private. But it is written: You shall die in peace, and what was burned for your earlier forefathers … So is the Mishnah: “Any death where there is smoke and burning is idolatrous; if there is not smoke and burning it is not idolatrous.

1
Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 1.2English
2
Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 1.20%

The Jerusalem Talmud

Find your chapter.

2204 chapters

Make yourself comfortable.

PAGE COLOUR

TEXT SIZE

100%

Your preferences stay with you on this device.

ORIGINALS & TRANSLATIONS

Choose your edition.

Select one edition for quiet reading, or several to compare the words.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

Hebrew/Aramaic text: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015), via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

English translation: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015); commentary notes omitted, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

↑
Explore the atlas
↑ ↓ to explore   ·   Enter to open   ·   Esc to close

PEOPLE · PLACES · HIGHER MEANING

Finding your place.

Preparing your experience…