Rabbinic JudaismJerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 3.8HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
The Jerusalem TalmudJerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 3.8

The Jerusalem Talmud

Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 3.8

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

MISHNAH: How does one check out the witnesses? One brings them to court and instills fear into them, then removes them but retains the greatest among them. One says to him, tell why you know that this person owes to the other one. If he said, he himself confessed to me that he owes the money, or another person told me that he owes it, he did not say anything until he says, before us he confessed to him that he owed him 200 denar.

2
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

HALAKHAH: “How does one check out the witnesses,” etc. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Johanan: If he had intended to appoint them as witnesses, their testimony is valid.

3
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

How does one judge? The judges are sitting, the parties are standing, and the claimant starts first with his words, as it is written: He who has something to say shall present before you.

4
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

From where that the burden of proof is on the claimant? Rebbi Crispus in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina ben Gamliel: Shall present before you, shall present his proofs.

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Joḥanan asked, in the case of a sister-in-law, who runs after whom? Rebbi Eleazar answered: His sister-in-law shall come to the gate. Rebbi Joḥanan said, Rebbi Eleazar taught me correctly.

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Berekhiah and Rebbi Ḥelbo, Rebbi Abba in the name of Rebbi Yannai: The claimant claims, the respondent responds, and the judge decides. Rebbi Simon said, the judge has to repeat their arguments, as it is said: The king said, this one says, my son is the living and yours is the dead one, etc.

7
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

When Rav Huna saw that witnesses said exactly the same, he was investigating. When he saw them essentially identical, he determined the common element. Rav Huna made light of a judge who said, “accept a single witness,” but they should say it themselves. When Rav Huna realized an argument in favor of a person who himself did not know it, he guided him, following open your mouth for the dumb.

8
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: He who hides his witnesses behind a wall did not do anything. As in this case: A man happened to prepare food for a meal. He said to another, give me what you owe me. That one answered, yes. When he rose, he told him, I do not owe you anything. He answered, I have witnesses. The other said, I said that only in order not to spoil your food. The case came before Rebbi Immi, who said, this is what Rebbi Joḥanan said, he who hides his witnesses behind a wall did not do anything.

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Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 3.8English
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Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 3.80%

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

Hebrew/Aramaic text: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015), via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

English translation: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015); commentary notes omitted, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

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