Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin 3.2

משנה: הָאוֹמֵר לָאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת לִי עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֶתֶּן לָךְ מָאתַיִם זוּז הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת וְהוּא יִתֵּן. עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֶתֶּן לֵיךְ מִיכָּן וְעַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם נָתַן לָהּ בְּתוֹךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת וְאִם לָאו אֵינָהּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת. עַל מְנָת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי מָאתַיִם זוּז הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת וְיֵשׁ לוֹ. עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֶרְאֵךְ מָאתַיִם זוּז הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת וְיַרְאֶנָּהּ. וְאִם הֶרְאָהּ עַל שּׁוּלְחָנוֹ אֵינָהּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת.

MISHNAH: If somebody says to a woman: You are preliminarily married to me on condition that I give you 200 zuz, she is preliminarily married and he is obligated to give. On condition that I give you within the next 30 days; if he gave her within 30 days she is preliminarily married; otherwise she is not preliminarily married. On condition that I owe 200 zuz, she is preliminarily married if he has it. On condition that I show you 200 zuz, she is preliminarily married once he shows it to her; but if he showed it on his bank she is not preliminarily married.

הלכה: הָאוֹמֵר לָאִשָּׁה. הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת כול׳. תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן. הֲרֵי זֶה גִּיטֵּיךְ עַל מְנָת שֶׁתִּתְּנִי לִי מָאתַיִם זוּז. הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת וְתִתֵּן. לֹא הִסְפִּיקָה לִיתֵּן עַד שֶׁמֵּת. תַּנִּי. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר. נוֹתְנָן לְאָבִיו וּלְאָחִיו וְהִיא פְטוּרָה מִן הַחֲלִיצָה וּמִן הַיִּיבּוּם. אַף בְּקִידּוּשִׁין כֵּן. הָאוֹמֵר לָאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת לִי עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֶתֵּן לֵיךְ מָאתַיִם זוּז. כְּרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אָבִיו וְאֶחָיו נוֹתְנִין לָהּ וְהִיא זְקוּקָה לַחֲלִיצָה וּלְיִיבּוּם.

HALAKHAH: “If somebody says to a woman: You are preliminarily married to me,” etc. There, we have stated: “This is your bill of divorce on condition that you give me 200 zuz, she is divorced and has to pay. If she did not manage to pay before he died, it was stated: Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, she pays his father or his brother and is free from ḥalîṣah and levirate marriage. The same holds for preliminary marriage: “You are preliminarily married to me on condition that I give you 200 zuz;” if he did not manage to pay before he died, Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, his father or his brothers pay and she is subject to ḥalîṣah or levirate marriage.

רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. סֶדֶר הַסִּימְפוֹן כָּךְ הוּא. אֲנָא פַּלָּן בַּר פַּלָּן מְקַדֵּשׁ לֵיךְ אַנְתְּ פַּלְנִיתָא בַּר פַּלָּן עַל מְנָת לִיתֵּן לִיךְ מִיקְּמַת פַּלָּן וּמִכְנְסִינִיךְ לְיוֹם פַּלָּן. וְאִין אָתָא יוֹם פַּלָּן וְלָא כְנַסְתִּיךְ לָא יֶהֱוֵי לִי כְּלוּם. אִירָע לוֹ אוֹנֶס. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. אוֹנְסָא כְּמָאן דְּלָא עֲבַד. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר. אוֹנְסָא כְּמָאן דַּעֲבַד. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ הֵיךְ צָרִיךְ לְמֵיעֲבַד. דְּאִין אָתָא יוֹם פַּלָּן וְלָא הֲוֵיתִי כוֹנְסָהּ לִי לֹא יְהֵא עָלַיִיךְ כְּלוּם. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן דָּמִיךְ פְּקִיד לִבְנָתֵיהּ דִּיהֲווֹן עֲבְדָּן כְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. אָמַר. שֶׁמָּא יַעֲמוֹד בֵּית דִּין אַחֵר וְיִסְבּוֹר דִּכְוָותֵיהּ וְנִמְצְאוּ בָנָיו בָּאִין לִידֵי מַמְזֵירוּת.

Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: The following is the contract text: “I, X son of Y, contract a preliminary marriage with you, Z, daughter of U, on condition that I give you property A and definitively marry you by day B. If that day should pass without me having taken you in, I shall have no claim on you.” If anything intervened beyond his control? Rebbi Joḥanan said, matters beyond his control are as if he were inactive. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, matters outside his control are as if he had acted. In the opinion of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish, what would be necessary? “If that day should pass without you having taken me in, I shall have no claim on you.” When Rebbi Joḥanan was dying, he told his daughters to act following Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish. He said, sometime in the future there might be a court which follows him; then his descendants might be in danger of bastardy.

הִגִּיעַ הַזְּמָן. הוּא אוֹמֵר. נָתַתִּי. וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת. לֹא נָטַלְתִּי. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבוּן. מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ לְהוֹצִיא סִימְפוֹן מִיַּד הָאִשָּׁה עָלָיו לְהָבִיא רְאָיָיה. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ דְּלָא הֲוָה סִימְפוֹן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁהוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ לְאוֹסְרָהּ עָלָיו צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא רְאָיָיה שֶׁכָּנְסוּ עַצְמָן בְּתוֹךְ סִימְפוֹן. אָתָא עוֹבְדָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. זִיל הַב. אָמַר לֵיהּ. רִבִּי. אִשָּׁה לֹא קָנִיתִי וְאַתְּ אָמַר לִי. אֵיזִיל הַב. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ. מִיָּמַיי לֹא שָׂחַק בִּי אָדָם אֶלָּא זֶה. חָזַר וְאָמַר. אִין חָזַר בֵּיהּ יִתֵּן. אִין הִיא חַזְרַת בָּהּ תִּתֵּן. וְלֹא הָדָא הִיא קַדְמִיָיתָא. חָזַר וַעֲשָׂאוֹ מַעֲשֵׂה בֵּית דִּין.

If the appointed time has arrived and he says, I gave, but she says, I did not receive: Rebbi Abun said, since he tries to wrest the contract from the woman’s hand, the burden of proof is on him. Think of it, maybe there was no contract? Rebbi Yose said, since he tries to forbid her to anybody, he has to prove that they entered into the contract. A case came before Rebbi Abbahu; he said to him, go and deliver. He answered, Rabbi, I did not acquire a wife and you say to me, go and deliver! Rebbi Abbahu said, it never happened to me that one got the better of me except this one. He rephrased and said: If he changed his mind, he shall deliver. If she changed her mind, she shall deliver. Is that not his former judgment? He rephrased to give it the status of a court document.

סֶדֶר סִימְפוֹן כָּךְ הוּא. עֵד אֶחָד מִשֶּׁל חָתָן וְעֵד אֶחָד מִשֶּׁל כַּלָּה וּשְׁנֵיהֶן בּוֹרְרִין לָהֶן עוֹד אֶחָד כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ לוֹ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים לָזֶה וּשְׁנֵי עֵדִים לָזֶה. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אָמַר בְּשֶׁאֵין שְׁנֵיהֶן מוֹדִין. אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן מוֹדִין שְׁנֵיהֶן יְכוֹלִין לַעֲקוֹר קִידּוּשִׁין. כְּהָדָא. הוּא אוֹמֵר. בָּעַלְתִּי. וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת. לֹא נִבְעַלְתִּי. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחָזַר וְאָמַר. לֹא בָעַלְתִּי. לֹא הַכֹּל מִמֶּנּוּ. שֶׁכְּבָר אָמַר מִשָּׁעָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. בָּעַלְתִּי. אֲבָל אִם לֹא אָמַר מִשָּׁעָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. בָּעַלְתִּי. שְׁנֵיהֶן יְכוֹלִין לַעֲקוֹר חֲזָקָה. הָיָא עֵד אֶחָד מִשֶּׁלְּחָתָן וְעֵד אֶחָד מִשֶּׁלְּכַלָּה וְהֶחָתָן חָתוּם בִּכְתַב יָדוֹ. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ אָמַר. סִימְפוֹן. רִבִּי בָּא אָמַר. קִידּוּשִׁין. אֲנִי אוֹמֵר. לֹא עָמַד וּבִירֵר אֶת הַסִּימְפוֹן אֶלָּא סָבַר שֶׁהוּא מַתִּיר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ.

The following is the way of contracting: One witness for the groom and one witness for the bride; these two together select a third in order to have two witnesses for each side. That is, if not both of them agree. But if both of them agree, both may invalidate the preliminary marriage. As, e. g., “if he said, I copulated, but she says, I was not copulated with. Even if he changed his story and then said, I did not copulate, he cannot be believed since from the start he had said, I copulated. But if from the start he said that he had not copulated, the two together can uproot the presumption.” If there was one witness for the groom, one witness for the bride, and the groom signed personally: Rebbi Abbahu said, it is a symphōn, Rebbi Abba said, it is preliminary marriage, for I am saying that he did not really intend a symphōn but thought that it would permit her sister to him.

עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא מִדַּעְתּוֹ וּמִדַּעְתָּהּ. הָיָה מִדַּעְתּוֹ סִימְפוֹן וּמִדַּעְתָּהּ קִידּוּשִׁין. רִבִּי חֲנִינָה אָמַר. סִימְפוֹן. רִבִּי חַגַּיי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי זְעִירָא אָמַר. קִידּוּשִׁין. וַהֲוָה רִבִּי חֲנִינָה מְתָרֵס כֵּלָיו קֳבַל רִבִּי חַגַּיי. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי הִילָא. קַבֵּל חַגַּיי. דְּחַגַּיי אִינְשָׁא סְבוֹרָא הוּא. דָּמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא. בָּאֲדָר קַדְמַיָיא דְמָךְ רִבִּי הִילָא. בָּאֲדָר תִּנְיָינָא אָתָא עוֹבְדָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה חַבְרֵיהוֹן דְּרַבָּנִין וּבְעָא מֵיעֲבַד כְּהָדָא דְרִבִּי חַגַּיי. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר אִימִּי. לֹא יְאוּת הֲוָה רִבִּי הִילָא אָמַר לָךְ. קַבֵּל לְחַגַּיי. דְּחַגַּיי אִינְשָׁא סְבוֹרָא הוּא. אָמַר רִבִּי חַגַּיי. מַתְנִיתָא מְסַיְיעָא לֵיהּ. קִידַּשְׁתָּנִי. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר. לֹא קִידַּשְׁתִּיךְ. הוּא מוּתָּר בִּקְרוֹבוֹתֶיהָ וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה בִקְרוֹבָיו. הָתִיב רִבִּי בוֹרְקַי קוֹמֵי רִבִּי מָנָא. וְאִם אַף בְּסִימְפוֹן כֵּן. אָמַר לֵיהּ. לֵית סִימְפוֹן סָפֵק. אֶלָּא הוּא סִימְפוֹן אוּ קִידּוּשִׁין.

Only if it be with his and her agreement. If it was symphōn in his opinion and preliminary marriage in her opinion, Rebbi Ḥanina said, it is symphōn, Rebbi Ḥaggai in the name of Rebbi Ze‘ira said, it is preliminary marriage. Rebbi Ḥanina was taking up arms against Rebbi Ḥaggai, when Rebbi Hila said to him, accept Ḥaggai, for Ḥaggai is a thinking man; this is what Rebbi Ze‘ira said. In the first Adar, Rebbi Hila died. In the second Adar, a case came before Rebbi Ḥananiah, the colleague of the rabbis, and he wanted to rule following Rebbi Ḥaggai. Rebbi Samuel bar Immi told him, Rebbi Hila was wrong when he told you, accept Ḥaggai, for Ḥaggai is a thinking man. Rebbi Ḥaggai said, a Mishnah supports him: “ ‘You married me preliminarily’, and he says, ‘I did not marry you preliminarily.’ He is permitted her relatives but she is forbidden his relatives.” Rebbi Borqai asked before Rebbi Mana: Is it the same with symphōn? He answered, a symphōn is not doubtful but the rules are identical for symphōn and preliminary marriage.

קִידֵּשׁ בְּתוֹךְ סִימְפוֹן הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ קִידּוּשִׁין גְּמוּרִין. גֵירַשׁ. תַּלְמִידוֹי דְרִבִּי יוֹנָה אָמְרִין. נָגְעוּ בָהּ גֵּירוּשִׁין. רִבִּי יוֹנָה אָמַר. לֹא נָגְעוּ בָהּ גֵּירוּשִׁין. כַּד דְּמָךְ רִבִּי יוֹנָה עַבְדוֹן תַּלְמִידוֹי דִכְוָותֵיהּ. אָמְרִין. לְאַחַר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹצְאָה בְלֹא גֵט. וְאַתְּ אָמַר. נָגְעוּ בָהּ גֵּירוּשִׁין. אֶלָּא לֹא נָגְעוּ בָהּ גֵּירוּשִׁין. מֵת מִתּוֹךְ סִימְפוֹן. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ אָמַר. מוֹתֶּרֶת לְהִינָּשֵׂא. רִבִּי בָּא אָמַר. אֲסוּרָה לְהִינָּשֵׂא. רִבִּי מָנָא שָׁאַל לְבֵית אָבוֹי דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי. הֵיךְ רַבְּכוֹן נְהִיג עֲבִיד. אָמַר לֵיהּ. כְּדַי זְמָן מְרוּבֶּה הוּא אם. תֵּלֵךְ וְתִינָּשֵׂא מִיָּד. כְּדוּ זְמָן מְמוּעָט הוּא אָמַר. מַה בְכָךְ שֶׁתַּמְתִּין. שָׁלַיח דְּבָרִים בְּתוֹךְ סִימְפוֹן. רִבִּי מָנָא אוֹמֵר. סִימְפוֹן. רִבִּי בָּא אָמַר. קִידּוּשִׁין. וְחָשְׁשִׁין רַבָּנִין לְהָדָא דְרִבִּי מָנָא.

If he performed a preliminary marriage during the validity of the symphōn, this is unconditional preliminary marriage. If he divorced, the students of Rebbi Jonah said, divorce touched her; Rebbi Jonah said, divorce did not touch her. When Rebbi Jonah died, his students acted following him. They said, since after 30 [days] she would leave without a bill of divorce, how can you say that divorce touched her? But divorce did not touch her. If he died during the time stipulated in the symphōn, Rebbi Abbahu said, she is permitted to marry; Rebbi Abba said, she is not permitted to marry. Rebbi Mana asked the family of Rebbi Yose’s father: How did your master usually act? He said to him, when it was a long time, he said that she should go and marry immediately. If the time was short, he said, what is the hurt if she waits? If he sent things during the validity of the symphōn, Rebbi Mana said, [it follows the rules of] symphōn; Rebbi Abba said, [it follows the rules of] preliminary marriage. The rabbis take note of Rebbi Mana’s opinion.