Jerusalem Talmud Horayot 2.5

משנה: אֵין חַיָיבִין עַל עֲשֵׂה וְעַל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּמִּקְדָּשׁ וְאֵין מְבִיאִין אָשָׁם תָּלוּי עַל עֲשֵׂה וְעַל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּמִּקְדָּשׁ. אֲבָל חַיָיבִין עַל עֲשֵׂה וְעַל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּנִּדָּה וּמְבִיאִין אָשָׁם תָּלוּי עַל עֲשֵׂה וְעַל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּנִּידָּה. וְאֵי זוֹ הִיא מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁבַּנִּדָּה פְּרוֹשׁ מִן הַנִּדָּה. וּמִצְוַת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה לֹא תָבוֹא אֶל הַנִּידָּה:

MISHNAH: They are not liable for a positive commandment or a prohibition in the Temple; one does not bring a suspended reparation sacrifice for a positive commandment or a prohibition in the Temple. But they are liable for a positive commandment or a prohibition about the menstruating woman; one brings a suspended reparation sacrifice for a positive commandment or a prohibition about the menstruating woman. What is the positive commandment about the menstruating woman? Separate from the menstruating woman. The prohibition, do not copulate with a menstruating woman.

הלכה: וְאֵין חַיָיבִין עַל עֲשֵׂה וְעַל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּמִּקְדָּשׁ כול׳. כָּהֲנָא אָמַר. אֵיפְשַׁר שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בָהּ יְדִיעָה בַּתְּחִילָּה וִידִיעָה בַסּוֹף וְהֶעֱלֵם בֵּנְתַיִים. הָתִיב רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר אֶבְדַּיְמִי קוֹמֵי רִבִּי מָנָא. וִיהֵא כֵן בַּמּוֹרִים. אָמַר לֵיהּ. אֲנָן בָּעֵי נִכְנָסִין וְאַתְּ מַיְיתֵי לָן מוֹרִים. מַאי כְדוֹן. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק. מִצְווֹת מִצְווֹת. מַה מִצְווֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לְהַלָּן בִּקְבוּעָה אַף כָּאן בִּקְבוּעָה.

HALAKHAH: “They are not liable for a positive commandment or a prohibition in the Temple,” etc. Cahana said, is it impossible that there was knowledge at the beginning and knowledge at the end and oblivion in between? Rebbi Samuel ben Eudaimon objected before Rebbi Mana: Could that be for the teachers? He told him, we have a problem with those entering and you bring us teachers? What about it? Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac said, commandments, commandments. Since commandments mentioned there are about fixed-value [offerings], here also about fixed-value [offerings].

וְאֵין חַיָיבִין עַל כָּל מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה. אָמַר רִבִּי מַתַּנְיָה. לָא אֲתִינָן מַתְנֵי אֶלָּא מִילָּה דַמְיָיא לְמִילָּה. הֵיךְ עֲבִידָא. נִכְנָס לַמִּקְדָּשׁ טָמֵא חַיָיב. נִכְנַס טָהוֹר וְנִיטְמָא. בָּא לוֹ בָּאֲרוּכָה חַיָיב וּבִקְצָרָה פָטוּר. וְדִכְוָותָהּ. הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִם הַטְּמֵאָה חַיָיב. הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִם הַטְּהוֹרָה וְאָמְרָה לוֹ. נִטְמֵאתִי. בָּא לוֹ בָּאֲרוּכָה חַיָיב וּבִקְצָרָה פָטוּר. אֵי זוֹ הִיא קְצָרָה שֶׁלּוֹ. יִצֶן.

But one never is liable for any positive commandment in the Torah! Rebbi Mattaniah said, we only came to state matters similar to the matter. How is that? If he entered the Temple impure, he is liable. If he entered pure but became impure, if he leaves on a long path he is liable, on a short one not liable. Similarly, if he was having sex with an impure woman, he is liable. If he was having sex with a pure one and she said to him, I became impure, if he leaves on a long path he is liable, on a short one not liable. What is his shortcut? He shall cool down.

אֵי זוֹ הִיא מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁבַּנִּדָּה. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבִין. וְהִזַּרְתֶּם אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִטּוּמְאָתָם. רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן שָׁלַח שָׁאַל לְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֵּירִבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר לַקוֹנִיָיא. אַזְהָרָה לַמְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִם הַטְּמֵאָה מְנַיִין. וּבְעָא כֵיפָה מִיזְרוֹק בַּתְרֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מִילָּה דְּמַיְינוּקְיָיא אָמְרִין בִּכְּנִישְׁתָּא בְּכָל יוֹם אַתְּ שְׁאִיל לִי. וְאֶל אִשָּׁה בְּנִידַּת טוּמְאָתָהּ לֹא תִקְרַב לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוָתָהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לָא צְרִיכָא לֵיהּ הָדָא. וְלֵית צוֹרְכָא דְלָא. הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִם הַטְּמֵאָה חַיָיב. הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִם הַטְּהוֹרָה וְאָמְרָה לוֹ. נִטְמֵאתִי. פֵּירַשׁ מִיָּד. מָהוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא חַיָיב. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. אֲנָא וְאַתְּ צְרִיכָא לָן. נֵצֵא לַחוּץ וְנִלְמַד. נָפְקִין וְשָׁמְעוּן קָלֵיהּ דְּתַנָּיָיא תַנֵּי כְּהָדָא דְחִזְקִיָּה. וְאִם שָׁכֹב יִשְׁכַּב אִישׁ אוֹתָהּ. אֵין לִי אֶלָּא מְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִם הַטְּמֵאָה חַיָיב. הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ עִם הַטְּהוֹרָה וְאָמְרָה לוֹ. נִטְמֵאתִי. פִּירֵשׁ מִיָּד. מָהוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא חַיָיב. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר. וּתְהִי נִדָּתָהּ. וַאֲפִילוּ פִירְשָׂה עָלָיו נִדָּתָהּ. מַה יַעֲשֶׁה. רַב הוֹשַׁעְיָה רַב יְהוּדָה בְשֵׁם שְׁמוּאֵל. יִצֶן. לֹא הִיצֵּן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. קוֹרֵא אֲנִי עָלָיו אַל תִּקְרַב. אַל תִּפְרוֹשׁ. קְרִיבָה פְּרִישָׂה. רַב חוּנָא בְשֵׁם רַב אַבָּא. כְּהָדָא הָאוֹמְרִים קְרַב אֵלֶיךָ אַל תִּגַּע בִּי כִּי קְידַשְׁתִּיךָ. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא. יְהֵא רוֹאֶה אֶת הַחֶרֶב כִּילּוּ מְחַתֶּכֶת בִּבְשָׂרוֹ. וְכָל עַמָּה רִבִּי זְעִירָא. רִבִּי תַנְחוּמָא בְשֵׁם רַב חוּנָה. יִטּוֹחַ רָאשֵׁי אֶצְבְּעוֹתָיו בַּכּוֹתֶל וִיהֵא מֵיצָן.

“What is the positive commandment about the menstruating woman?” Rebbi Abin said, Keep the Children of Israel away from their impurities. Rebbi Jonathan sent to ask Rebbi Simeon ben Rebbi Yose bar Lakonia, from where a warning for one having sex with an impure woman? He wanted to throw a stone after him; he told him, you are asking me something that children recite every day in the synagogue: To a woman in the separation ofher impurity you shall not come near to uncover her nakedness. He answered him, that is not my problem. My only problem is rather “if he was having sex with an impure woman, he is liable. If he was having sex with a pure one and she said to him, I became impure,” if he separates immediately, is he liable? He told him, I and you have the same problem. Let us go out and learn. They went out and heard the voice of a Tanna who stated following Ḥiskiah: If lying a man will lie with her. Not only that if he was having sex with an impure woman, he is liable. If he was having sex with a pure one and she said to him, I became impure, if he separates immediately, is he liable? The verse says, her secretion shall be, even if her secretion starts with him. What should he do? Rav Hoshaia, Rav Jehudah in the name of Samuel, he shall cool down. If he did not cool down? Rebbi Yose said, for him I am reading do not come near as “do not separate”. Closeness is separation. Rav Ḥuna in the name of Rav Abba: Those who say, be close to yourself, do not touch me for I sanctified you. Rebbi Zeˋira said, he should imagine that a sword is cutting into his flesh. Is everybody Rebbi Zeˋira? Rebbi Tanḥuma in the name of Rav Ḥuna: He shall press his fingertips on the wall, then he will cool down.

כְּתִיב וַתֵּשֶׁב בְּאֵיתָן קַשְׁתּוֹ. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחָמָן. נִמְתְּחָה הַקֶּשֶׁת וְחָזְרָה. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבוּן. נִתְפַּזֵּר זַרְעוּ וְיָצָא לוֹ בְצִיפָּרְנֵי יָדָיו. וַיָּפוֹזּוּ זְרֹעֵי יָדָיו. רַב חוּנָה בְשֵׁם רַב מַתָּנָה. תָּלָה עֵינָיו וְרָאָה אֵיקוֹנִין שֶׁלְּאָבִינוּ. מִיָּד הֵיצָן. מִידֵי אֲבִיר יַעֲקֹב. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבִין. אַף אֵיקוֹנִין שֶׁלְּרָחֵל רָאָה. מִשָּׁם רֹעֶה אֶבֶן יִשְׂרָאֵל.

It is written: His bow was sitting immobile. Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥman: his bow was spanned and relaxed. Rebbi Abun said, his semen spread out and came out from under his fingernails, the arms of his hands were excited. Rav Ḥuna in the name of Rav Mattanah, he lifted his eyes, saw the picture of his father, and cooled down immediately, from the hands of the noble Jacob. Rebbi Abin said, he also saw the picture of Rachel, from there the shepherd, the rock of Israel.