The Jerusalem Talmud Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 1.6

English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

MISHNAH: At a place where they used to sell small cattle to Gentiles one sells; at a place where they used not to sell one does not sell; nobody should change this because of controversy. Nowhere does one sell to them large animals, calves, and donkey foals, whole or damaged. Rebbi Jehudah permits damaged ones; Ben Bathyra permits horses.

2

English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

HALAKHAH: “At a place where they used to sell small cattle,” etc. But is it permitted to raise them? Rebbi Abba said, for example Mahir which is sixteen by sixteen mil. They wanted to say, he who said it is permitted to sell [says] it is permitted to raise. But he who says, it is forbidden to sell [says] it is forbidden to leave it alone. Rebbi Jonah, Rebbi Eleazar in the name of Rav: Even one who says it is permitted to sell it [says] it is forbidden to leave it alone. What is the difference between selling and leaving alone? When he sells it to him it becomes the Gentile’s animal. If he lets it be alone with him, it is the Jew’s animal and he is suspected about it.

3

English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“At a place where they used not to sell one does not sell.” Why? Because he eliminates the duty of shearing. Think of it, if it was a goat! Because he eliminates the duty of the first-born. Think of it, if it was a male! Because he eliminates the gifts. Then one should not sell wheat to them because he eliminates the duty of ḥallah; then one should not sell wine and oil to them because he eliminates the duty of benedictions.

4

English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Nowhere does one sell large animals to them.” Why? For a large animal there might be an obligation for a purification offering; for a small animal there can be no obligation for a purification offering. But does he not shear, does he not milk? One says, there it is liable, here he is liable. But if it is sold, is it not the Gentile’s animal? The Babylonian Rebbi Immi in the name of the rabbis there: Sometimes he sells it on trial and returns it after three days, then it turns out that he did do work with the Jew’s animal. Then on trial it should be forbidden, not on trial permitted. One is because of the other.

5

English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

If he transgressed and sold one fines him. Just as one fines for practice so one fines for custom. From where that one fines for custom? A person sold his camel to an Aramean. The case came before Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish who fined him double to make him take back the camel. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, they fined the broker and called him son who brokers to Arameans. Does Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish follow Rebbi Jehudah? As it was stated in the name of Rebbi Jehuda: “If somebody buys an animal from a Gentile and it gave birth to a firstling, he buys it up to its worth and gives half of its worth to a Cohen. If it was given to him as contractor, he has to pay for up to ten times its worth and gives all of its worth to the Cohen. But the Sages say, since the finger of the Gentile in involved it is no longer liable as firstling.” Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish is more than Rebbi Jehudah. What Rebbi Jehudah said because of the practice of firstlings; but what Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said because of practice regarding a large animal.

6

English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“Rebbi Jehudah permits damaged ones.” Rebbi Jehudah said this only for a damaged one which cannot be healed. They told him, may he not bring a male to it, he fertilizes it and it gives birth? He said to them, I also said this only about a male (horse) [damaged one] which cannot be healed. They told him, may he not bring a female to him, she is fertilized by him and gives birth? Rav Abin in the name of the rabbis there: This implies that one is forbidden to provide them with fetuses. There, we have stated: “If somebody buys a Non-Jew’s donkey fetus or who sells one to him even though he is not authorized, or one who enters into partnership, or accepts from him as contractor, or lets it in contract, is not liable for firstling.” Rebbi Ḥaggai asked before Rebbi Yose, does this not imply that one is forbidden to provide them with fetuses? He said to them, Rebbi Abin in the name of the rabbis there already preceded you: This implies that one is forbidden to provide them with fetuses.

7

Hebrew · Jerusalem Talmud, ed. Guggenheimer (Hebrew/Aramaic)

בֶּן בְּתֵירָה מַתִּיר בַּסּוּס. לֹא אָמַר בֶּן בְּתֵירָה אֶלָּא בְסוּס זָכָר שֶׁהוֹרֵג בְּעָלָיו בַּמִּלְחָמָה. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים. שֶׁרָץ אַחַר הַנְּקֵיבוֹת. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים. שֶׁעוֹמֵד וּמַשְׁתִּין. מַה בֵּינֵיהוֹן. סְרִיס. מָאן דְּאָמַר. שֶׁרָץ אַחַר הַנְּקֵיבוֹת. אֵינוּ רָץ. וּמָאן דְּאָמַר. עוֹמֵד וּמַשְׁתִּין. אַף זֶהּ עוֹמֵד וּמַשְׁתִּין. רִבִּי תַּנְחוּם בַּר חִיָיה. לִכְשֶׁיַּזְקִין כּוֹדְנוֹ בָרֵיחַיִם. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי הוּנָא. בֶּן בְּתֵירָה וְרִבִּי נָתָן שְׁנֵיהֶם אָמְרוּ דָּבָר אֶחָד. דְּתַנֵּי. הוֹצִיא מִן הַבְּהֵמָה וּמִן הַחַיָּה וּמִן הָעוֹפוּת בֵּין חַיִּים בֵּין מֵתִים חַיָיב. רִבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר. מֵתִים חַיָיב. חַיִּים פָּטוּר. וְרַבָּנִן אִית לְהוֹן. חַיָיב חַטָּאת. וְאִינּוּן מְתִיבִין לֵיהּ אָכֵן. כְּשִׁיטָּתוֹ הֵשִׁיבוּהוּ. כְּשִׁיטָּתָךְ שֶׁאַתָּה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם שְׁבוּת. אוֹף אֲנָא אִית לִי. לִכְשֶׁיַּזְקִין כּוֹדְנוֹ לָרֵיחַיִם. רִבִּי אוֹמֵר. אוֹמֵר אֲנִי שֶׁאָסוּר מִשּׁוּם שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים. מִשֵּׁם כְּלֵי זַיִין וּמִשֵּׁם בְּהֵמָה גַסָּה. וְתַנֵּי כֵן. חַיָּה גַסָּה כִבְהֵמָה דַקָּה. מָאן תַּנִּיתָהּ. רִבִּי. דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים. רִבִּי בִּיסְנָא רִבִּי חָנָן בַּר בָּא בְשֵׁם רַב. חַיָּה גַסָּה כִבְהֵמָה גַסָּה.

English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“Ben Bathyra permits horses.” Ben Bathyra said this only about a male horse because it kills its owner in war. Some say, because it runs after females, and some say, because it stands still to urinate. What is between them? A gelding. He who says because it runs after females, it does not run. He who says because it stands still to urinate, this one also stands still to urinate. [Rebbi Aḥa in the name of] Rebbi Tanḥum bar Ḥiyya: If it gets old he binds it to the grindstone. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun in the name of Rebbi Huna: Ben Bathyra and Rebbi Nathan both said the same, as it was stated: “If he carried out domestic animals, wild animals, or birds, whether alive or dead, he is liable. Rebbi Nathan says, dead he is liable, alive he is not liable.” The rabbis hold that he is liable for a purification sacrifice and they answer him so? They answer following his own argument. Following your argument, since you are saying because of rabbinic Sabbath prohibition, also we hold that if it gets old he binds it to the grindstone. Rebbi says, I am saying that it is forbidden for two reasons, as a weapon and as a large animal. It was stated so: A large wild animal is like a (small) [large] domestic animal. Who stated this? Rebbi. The words of the Sages: Rebbi Bisna, Rebbi Ḥanan bar Abba in the name of Rav: A wild animal is like a (large) [small] domestic animal.

Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 1.6

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