Jerusalem Talmud Demai 7.1

משנה: הַמַּזְמִין אֶת חֲבֵירוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל אֶצְלוֹ וְהוּא אֵינוֹ מַאֲמִינוֹ עַל הַמַּעְשְׂרוֹת. אוֹמֵר מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת מַה שֶׁאֲנִי עָתִיד לְהַפְרִישׁ לְמָחָר הֲרֵי הוּא מַעֲשֵׂר וּשְׁאָר מַעְשֵׂר סָמוּךְ לוֹ. זֶה שֶׁעָשִׂיתִי מַעֲשֵׂר עָשׂוּי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר עָלָיו וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִצְפוֹנוֹ וּבִדְרוֹמוֹ וּמְחוּלָּל עַל הַמָּעוֹת.

MISHNAH: If somebody invites his friend for a meal but the latter does not trust him with tithes, the friend should say on Friday eve: That which I will separate in the future shall be tithe, the rest of tithe near to it. That which I made tithe shall be the heave of the tithe for everything, and the Second Tithe shall be to the North (or South) and be redeemed by coins.

הלכה: אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מַתְנִיתָא בִדְמַאי הָא בְּוַדַּאי לֹא. מַתְנִיתָא אָמַר אֲפִילוּ בְּוַדַּאי זוֹ תַנֵּינָן תַּמָּן הָיוּ לוֹ תְאֵנִים שֶׁל טֵבֵל בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ וְהוּא בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ אוֹ בַשָּׂדֶה. אִין תֵּימַר בִדְמַאי אֲנָן קַיָימִין לֵית יָכִיל דְּתַנֵּינָן הָ[יוּ] דְמַאי מַה אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בִּדְמַאי לֹא בְּוַדַּאי לֹא אָמַר אֶלָּא מַתְנִיתָא בִדְמַאי. מַה בֵין דְּמַאי וּמַה בֵין וַדַּאי. דְּמַאי אָדָם מַתְנֶה עַל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ וַדַּאי אֵין אָדָם מַתְנֶה אֶלָּא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא בִרְשׁוּתוֹ.

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Joḥanan said: The Mishnah deals with demay. Hence, not with certain produce? A Mishnah says, even for certain produce, as we have stated there: “If he had ṭevel figs in his house and he was in the House of Study or on the field.” If you want to say that we deal with demay, you cannot do so, since it is stated: “If it was demay.” What Rebbi Joḥanan said was that it deals with demay. He did not say, not with certain produce, but that this Mishnah deals with demay. What is the difference between demay and certain produce? For demay, a person may make a proviso for something that is not in his possession; for certain produce, he may only make a proviso for something that is in his possession.

רִבִּי יַנַּאי הֲוָה לֵיהּ תְּנַאי וַדַּאי שְׁאַל לְרִבִּי חִיָיא רוּבָּה מַהוּ מְתַקְּנָהּ בְּשׁוּבְתָא. אָמַר לֵיהּ לְמַעַן תִּלְמַד לְיִרְאָה אֶת יי אֱלֹהֶיךָ כָּל הַיָּמִים וַאֲפִילוּ בְשַׁבָּת. מַהוּ דְחָמַת מֵיקַל בַּלָּשִׁי תָלוּי בִּי. אָמַר לֵיהּ עָתִיד אַתְּ לְהַנְהִיג שְׂרָרָה עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Rebbi Yannai had made a proviso for certain produce. He asked the Great Rebbi Ḥiyya, may one fix this on the Sabbath? He said to him (Deut. 14:23): “That you should learn to fear the Eternal, your God, all the days,” including the Sabbath. How did you see a way to be so lenient, my initiative depends on me! He said to him, in the future you will carry leadership in Israel.

רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא הָיָה לוֹ תְּנַאי וַדַּאי. חָדָא אִיתָא בִשְּׁלָה יֶרֶק אַנְשִׁיָית מְתַקְּנָתָהּ. אֲתַת לְגַבֵּי רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא וְשָלַח לְזַבְדִּי בֶּן לֵוִי דִּיתַקֵּן לֵילָא. רִבִּי בָּא בַּר מַמָּל בְּעֵי וְלָא הֲוָה זַבְדִּי בַּר לֵוִי צְרִיךְ מְזַכֵּיא לְרִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא בְּיַרְקָא. רִבִּי זְעִירָא בְּעֵי מַה נָן קַיָימִין. אִי בְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ תְּנַאי עָלָיו וְעַל אֲחֵרִים אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְזַכּוֹתוֹ בְּיֶרֶק. וְאִם בְּשֶׁאֵין לוֹ תְּנַאי לֹא עָלָיו וְלֹא עַל אֲחֵרִים צָרִיךְ לְזַכּוֹתוֹ בְּיֶרֶק. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר זַבְדִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ אִיתְתָבַת וְלֹא זְכִי זַבְדִּי בֶּן לֵוִי לְרִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא בְּיַרְקָא.

Rebbi Hoshaia had made a proviso for certain produce. One woman cooked vegetables she had forgotten to put in order. She came to Rebbi Hoshaia who sent Zavdi ben Levi to put it in order for him and for her. Rebbi Abba bar Mamal asked, would Zavdi ben Levi not have to give Rebbi Hoshaia property rights on these vegetables? Rebbi Zeïra asked, where do we hold? If his proviso was meant for him and for others, he does not have to give him property rights on the vegetable. If his proviso was not meant for him and for others, he has to give him property rights on the vegetable. Rebbi Jacob bar Zavdi in the name of Rebbi Abbahu: It was answered, Zavdi ben Levi did not give Rebbi Hoshaia property rights on the vegetable.

אָמַר רִבִּי יַנַּאי צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא זָכוּר תְּנַייוֹ. שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר וָוא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְצָרִיךְ לְהַלְחִישׁ בִּשְׂפָתָיו.

Rebbi Yannai said, he must remember his proviso. Simeon bar Abba in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, he must whisper with his lips.

רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי זְעִירָא וְלֹא נִמְצָא כִּמְתַקֵּן בְּשַׁבָּת. אָמַר לֵיהּ אַדְהִיתְנֵיהּ. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי זְעִירָא וְאֵינוֹ אָסוּר מִפְּנֵי אוֹבְדָן אוֹכְלִים. אָמַר לֵיהּ מְפָרְרֵי כָּל שֶׁהוּא וְאוֹכֵל. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי זְעִירָא וְאֵינוֹ אָסוּר מִשּׁוּם גֶּזֶל. אָמַר לֵיהּ רוֹצֶה הוּא שֶׁיְּהֵא לוֹ נַחַת רוּחַ.

Rebbi Jeremiah asked before Rebbi Zeïra: Is he not like somebody who makes repairs on the Sabbath? He said to him, because of his proviso. Rebbi Jeremiah asked before Rebbi Zeïra: Is it not forbidden because of destruction of edibles? He said to him, he crumbles a small amount and eats. Rebbi Jeremiah asked before Rebbi Zeïra: Is it not forbidden because of robbery? He said to him, the host desires the satisfaction of his guest.

מִילֵּיהוֹן דְּרַבָּנִין פְּלִיגִין דְּאָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רִבִּי יִצְחָק רִבִּי וְרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּי רִבִּי יְהוּדָה נִתְאָרְחוּ אֶצֶל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אֶחָד. אֲזַל לִישְׁנָא בִישָׁא אֲמַר לֵיהּ הַב דַּעְתָּךְ דְּאִינּוּן מְחַשְׁדּוּנָךְ יְתִיב לֵיהּ מְעַיְינֵי לוֹן וַהֲווֹן עָבְדִין נַפְשִׁין מִזְרְקִין אִילֵּין לְאִילֵּין וּמְתַקְּנִין. וְאֵינוֹ רוֹצֶה הֲנָחַת רוּחַ. רוֹצֶה הוּא אֶלָּא דְלָא בְּעֵי דְחַשְׁדּוּנֵיהּ.

The words of the rabbis disagree since Rebbi Samuel bar Rebbi Isaac said: Rebbi and Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Jehudah were guests of a private person. Evil rumors told the latter, watch out, they are suspecting you! He sat near them and was watching them. They pretended to throw food against each other and in that way were putting the food in order. Does he not desire their satisfaction? He does, but he does not want to be suspected.

תַּנִּי רִבִּי יוּדָה אוֹסֵר. מַה טַעְמָא דְּרִבִּי יוּדָה וְיֵשׁ אָדָם מַתְנֶה עַל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ. מוֹדֶה רִבִּי יוּדָה שֶׁהוּא הוֹלֵךְ וְלוֹקֵחַ מִמָּקוֹם שֶׁלָּקַח זֶה וּמְעַשְּׂרָן. וְיֵשׁ אָדָם מַפְרִישׁ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן עָשׂוּ אוֹתוֹ כְּמוֹכֵר פֵּירוֹת טְבוּלִין לַחֲבֵירוֹ. כְּהָדָא דְתַנִּי הַמּוֹכֵר פֵּירוֹת טְבוּלִין לַחֲבֵירוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה רָץ אַחֲרָיו וּמְתַקְּנוֹ. לֹא מְצָאוֹ אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁהַפֵּירוֹת קַיָימִין מְעַשֵּׂר עֲלֵיהֶן וְאִם לָאו אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְעַשֵּׂר עֲלֵיהֶן. סָפֵק קַיָימִין סָפֵק אֵין קַיָימִין מְעַשֵּׂר עֲלֵיהֶן וְקוֹרֵא שֵׁם לְמַעְשְׂרוֹתֵיהֶם.

It was stated: “Rebbi Jehudah forbids.” What is the reason of Rebbi Jehudah? Can a person make a proviso about something not in his possession? “But Rebbi Jehudah agrees that he may go, buy from the place from which his host bought, and tithe.” Can a person give for something that is not his? Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: they considered him as one who sold ṭevel produce to another person, as was stated: “He who sells ṭevel produce to another person has to run after him and put the produce in order. If he does not find him, if it is known that the produce still exists, he has to tithe for him; if not, he does not have to tithe for him. If it is doubtful whether the produce exists or not, he tithes for it and gives a name to the tithes.”