Jerusalem Talmud Kilayim 8.2

משנה: בְּהֵמָה עִם בְּהֵמָה וְחַיָּה עִם חַיָּה בְּהֵמָה עִם חַיָּה וְחַיָּה עִם בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה עִם טְמֵאָה וּטְהוֹרָה עִם טְהוֹרָה טְמֵאָה עִם טְהוֹרָה וּטְהוֹרָה עִם טְמֵאָה אֲסוּרִין לַחֲרוֹשׁ וְלִמְשׁוֹךְ וּלְהַנְהִיג. הַמַּנְהִיג סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים וְהַיּוֹשֵׁב בַּקָּרוֹן סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. רִבִּי מֵאִיר פּוֹטֵר. וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית שֶׁהִיא קְשׁוּרָה לִרְצוּעוֹתֵיהֶן אֲסוּרָה.

MISHNAH: Domestic animal with [different] domestic animal and wild with [different] wild animal, domesticated with wild and wild with domesticated animal, unclean with [different] unclean and clean with [different] clean animal, unclean with clean and clean with unclean animal, all these are [combinations] forbidden for ploughing, drawing, and leading. The driver absorbs the forty and the one sitting in the cart absorbs the forty. Rebbi Meïr frees him from prosecution. A third animal tied to their harness is forbidden.

הלכה: בְּהֵמָה עִם בְּהֵמָה כו׳. יָכוֹל לֹא יְהֵא מַעֲמִיד זְכָרִים אֵצֶל הַנְּקֵיבוֹת וּנְקֵיבוֹת אֵצֶל זְכָרִים תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לֹא תַרְבִּיעַ. אֵין אַתְּ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִלְּהַרְבִּיעַ אֲבָל מַעֲמִיד אַתְּ זְכָרִים אֵצֶל נְקֵיבוֹת וּנְקֵיבוֹת אֵצֶל זְכָרִים. וְכִי מַה עָשָׂה מַעֲשֶׂה לֹא כְשֶׁהִטִּיל וּלְפִי דַּעְתּוֹ הוּא מַטִּיל.

HALAKHAH: “Domestic animal with domestic animal, etc.” I might think one cannot put a male next to a female nor a female next to a male; the verse says (Lev. 19:19) “do not cause your domestic animals to copulate”. You are only forbidden to cause to copulate but you may put a male next to a female or a female next to a male. But what did he actually do? When it ejaculates it does so by itself.

אִיסִּי בֶּן עֲקַבְּיָה אוֹמֵר אָסוּר לִרְכֹּב עַל גַּבֵּי פִרְדָּה מִקַּל וַחוֹמֶר. וּמַה אִם בִּבְגָדִים שֶׁאַתְּ מוּתָּר לִלְבּוֹשׁ זֶה עַל זֶה אַתְּ אוֹסֵר בְּתַעֲרוּבָתָן. בְּהֵמָה שֶׁאַתְּ אָסוּר לְהַנְהִיג בָּהּ בְּזוֹ עִם זוֹ לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן אַתְּ אָסוּר לִרְכּוֹב עָלֶיהָ. וְהָא כְּתִיב וַיִּרְכְּיבוּ אִישׁ עַל פִּרְדּוֹ וַיָּנוּסוּ. אֵין לְמֵידִין מִן הַמַּלְכוּת. וְהָא כְתִיב וְהִרְכַּבְתֶּם אֶת שְׁלֹמֹה בְנִי עַל הַפִּרְדָּה אֲשֶׁר לִי. בִּירְיָה מִשֵּׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְרֵאשִׁית הָיְתָה.

Issi ben Aqabia says: It is forbidden to ride on a mule by an argument of analogy. If garments which you may wear one upon the other are forbidden in mixture, you are certainly forbidden to ride on [a mixture of] animals you may not lead together. But is it not written (2Sam. 13:29): “Each one rode on his mule and they fled”? One does not learn from a king’s family. But is it not written (1K. 1:33): “Let my son Solomon ride on my she-mule”? That was a creature from Creation.

רִבִּי חָמָא בַּר עוּקְבָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי חֲנִינָה אָמַר הַמַּנְהִיג קוֹלוֹ בְכִלְאַיִם לוֹקֶה. וְתַנֵּי כֵן הִנְהִיגָהּ הִמְשִׁיכָהּ קָרָא לָהּ וּבָאָת אַחֲרָיו נִתְחַיֵיב בָּהּ לְשַׁלֵּם כְּשׁוֹאֵל. וְהָתַנִּי שְׁמוּאֵל הָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת חוּץ לִתְחוּם וְקָרָא לָהּ וּבָאָת אַחֲרָיו הֲרֵי זֶה פָּטוּר. תַּמָּן לְדַעְתָּהּ הִיא מְהַלֶּכֶת. בְּרַם הָכָא עַל כּוֹרְחָהּ הִיא מְהַלֶּכֶת. וְהָתַנֵּי טִיפַּח כְּנֶגֶד עֵינוֹ וְסִימְּיָיהּ כְּנֶגֶד אָזְנוֹ וְחֵרְשָׁהּ לֹא יָצָא לְחֵירוּת. אָמַר רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר בֵּירִבִּי יוֹסֵי קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי שַׁנְיָיא הִיא שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לִבְרוֹחַ. תֵּדַע לָךְ שֶׁהוּא כֵן דְּתַנֵּי תָּפַשׂ בּוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה חַיָיב.

Rebbi Ḥama bar Uqba said in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Ḥanina, he who leads kilaim by voice will be whipped. We have stated so: “If he led it, if he made it draw, if he called it and it came, he is responsible to pay like a borrower.” But did not Samuel state: “If it was standing outside the Sabbath domain, he called it and it came after him, he is free.” There it comes of its own volition, here it is forced to walk But did we not state: “If he clapped before his [a slave’s] eye and blinded it, before his [a slave’s] ear and made it deaf, he [the slave] does not attain freedom.” Rebbi Eliezer ben Rebbi Yose said before Rebbi Yose, there is a difference because he [the slave] could have fled. Know that it is so because we have stated: “If he grabbed him he is guilty.”

הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּקָרוֹן רַבָּנִין אָמְרִין מִשְׁקָל הוּא רִבִּי מֵאִיר אָמַר אֵינוֹ מִשְׁקָל.

: He who sits in a cart, the rabbis say he is a weight, Rebbi Meïr says, he is no weight.

בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה לֹא הָיוּ אֶלָּא שְׁתַּיִם דִּכְתִיב וַיַּרְכֵּב אוֹתוֹ בְּמִרְכֶּבֶת הַמִּשְׁנֶה אֲשֶׁר לוֹ. עָמַד פַּרְעֹה וְעָשָׂה שָׁלֹשׁ דִּכְתִיב וְשָׁלִישִׁים עַל כּוּלּוֹ. עָמְדָה מַלְכוּת הָרִשְׁעָה וְעָשָׂה אוֹתָן אַרְבָּעָה.

Originally there were only two as it is written (Gen. 41:43): “He made him ride in his two-horse carriage.” Pharao came and made them three, as it is written (Ex. 14:7): “three-horse over everything.” The evil kingdom arose and made it four.