Jerusalem Talmud Shevuot 6.5

משנה: אֵין נִשְׁבָּעִין עַל טַעֲנַת חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן וְאֵין מַשְׁבִּיעִין אֶת הַקָּטָן אֲבָל נִשְׁבָּעִים לַקָּטָן וְלַהֶקְדֵּשׁ:

MISHNAH: One does not swear on the claim of a deaf-and-dumb person, an insane person, or a minor. One does not put an oath on a minor but one swears for a minor and the Temple.

הלכה: אֵין נִשְׁבָּעִין עַל טַעֲנַת חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן כול׳. כְּתִיב כִּי יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ. פְּרָט לְקָטָן. עַד כְּדוֹן בְּשֶׁנָּתַן לוֹ קָטָן וּתְבָעוֹ קָטָן. נָתַן לוֹ קָטָן וּתְבָעוֹ גָּדוֹל. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר רֵעֵהוּ. עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא נְתִינָתוֹ וּתְבִיעָתוֹ שָׁוִין. אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא בַּר מָמָל. לֵית הָדָא פְשִׁיטָא עַל דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן דְּאָמַר. הַטּוֹעֵן לַחֲבֵירוֹ טַעֲנַת גַּנָּב בָּאֲבֵידָה חַיָיב. אֵיכָן אֲבֵידָתִי. אָמַר לוֹ. נִגְנְבָה. אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא. תִּיפְתָּר שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ. עַד שֶׁאַתְּ קָטָן תְּבַעְתָּנִי וְנִפְטַרְתִּי מִשְּׁבוּעָתָךְ. שְׁבוּעַת יְי תִּהְיֶה בֵּין שְׁנֵיהֶם. לְהוֹצִיא הַיּוֹרֵשׁ. רִבִּי אִילָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יָסָא. בְּיוֹרְשָׁיו הִיא מַתְנִיתָה.

HALAKHAH: “One does not swear on the claim of a deaf-and-dumb person, an insane person, or a minor,” etc. It is written: If a man give to his neighbor, to exclude the minor. So far if a minor gave to him and the minor requested from him. If he gave it as a minor and requested it as an adult? The verse says, his neighbor; only if giving and requesting are equal. Rebbi Abba bar Mamal said, is that not obvious by what Rebbi Joḥanan said, one who claims a claim of theft in respect of his neighbor’s lost object is liable? “Where is my lost object?” He told him, it was stolen. Rebbi Abba said, explain it if he told him, you already asked me when you were underage and I was freed from swearing for you. An oath of the Eternal shall be between both of them, to exclude the heir. Rebbi Illa in the name of Rebbi Yasa: The baraita is about the heir.

בֵּין שְׁנֵיהֶם. אֵינָהּ זָזָה מִבֵּין שְׁנֵיהֶן לְעוֹלָם. אִם הַמַּשְׁבִּיעַ מַשְׁבִּיעַ לַשֶּׁקֶר סוֹף לָצֵאת עָלָיו. אִם הַנִּשְׁבָּע נִשְׁבָּע לַשֶּׁקֶר סוֹף לָצֵאת עָלָיו. מַאי טַעֲמָא. הוֹצֵאתִיהָ נְאֻם יְי צְבָאוֹת וּבָאָה אֶל בֵּית הַגַּנָּב וְאֶל בֵּית הַנִּשְׁבָּע בִּשְׁמִי לַשָּׁקֶר וגו׳. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן. מַלְאֲכֵי חַבָּלָה אֵין לָהֶן קְפִיצִין. וּמַה טַעַם. מִשּׁוּט בָּאָרֶץ וּמֵהִתְהַלֵּךְ בָּהּ. בְּרַם הָכָא וְכִלַּתּוּ אֶת עֵצָיו וְאֶת אֲבָנָיו. בּוֹא וּרְאֶה. דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵין הָאֵשׁ שׂוֹרְפָן שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא מְכַלָּתָן. רִבִּי יוּנָה אָמַר. עַל שֶׁקֶר. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר. אַף עַל הָאֱמֶת. חַגַּיי דְרִישׁ כְּהָדָא דְרִבִּי יוֹסֵי. עוֹבְדָא הֲוָה בְחָדָא אִיתָא דְּאָזְלַת מֵיעֲרוֹךְ גַּב חֲבֵירָתָהּ וַהֲוָה קְטִיר בְּשִׁיטֵּיהּ דְקוֹלְסִיתָהּ תְּרֵין דֵּינָרִין. נָפְלוּ לָהּ וְאִיעָרְכוּ גַּו עִיגּוּלָא. הָפְכַת בְּעַיָיא לָהוּ גַּו בֵּיתָא וְלָא אַשְׁכַּחְתּוֹן. חָזְרַת לְגַבָּהּ אָמְרָה לָהּ. הֲבִי לִי תְּרֵין דֵינָרִין דִּנְפוֹל לִי גַּו בֵּיתֵיךְ. אָמְרָה לָהּ. לָא יְדַעְנָא. אִי יָדְעָה בָהוּ תִּיקְבּוֹר בְּרָהּ. קְבַרְתֵּיהּ. מִי עָלוּן מִיקִּבְרֵיא שְׁמַעַת קָלָא אָמְרָה. אִילוּלֵא דַהֲוָת יָדְעָה בְהוֹן לָא קְבַרְתֵּיהּ. אָמְרָה. אִין יָדְעָה בְהוֹן הִיא אִיתָא תִּקְבּוֹר בְּרָהּ חוּרָנָה. קְבַרְתֵּיהּ. עָלוּן מְנַחֲמָתָא וְקַצּוֹן חַד עִיגּוּל וְאַשְׁכְּחוֹן תְּרֵין דִּינָרַיָיא עֲרִיכִין גַּו עִיגּוּלָא. הָדָא מִילְּתָא אָמְרָה. בֵּין זַכַּיי בֵּין חַיָיב לִשְׁבוּעָה לָא תֵיעוֹל.

Between both of them it will never move from between them. If the one forcing the oath forces the oath lying, at the end it will come over him. If the one swearing swears lying, at the end it will come over him. What is the reason? I shall take it out, oracle of the Eternal Sabaot, and it will come into the house of the thief and the house of him who swears falsely in My Name, etc. Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥman said, destructive angels have no joints. What is the reason? From roving about the Earth and walking there. But here, it will destroy its wood and its stones. Come and see, things which the fire will not burn, a vain oath will destroy. Rebbi Jonah said, about falsehood. Rebbi Yose said, even on truth. Ḥaggai was preaching following Rebbi Yose. There was a case about a woman who went to knead dough with another and had two denarii bound into the seam of her head cover. These fell out and were rolled into a loaf. She went back to he house, wanted them and did not find them. She returned to her and said to her, give me the two denarii which fell from me in your house. She told her, I do not know. If she would know of it, she should bury her son. She buried him. When they returned from his grave, she heard a voice saying, if she had not known about them she would not have buried him. She said, if this woman knows about them, she should bury her other son. She buried him. They came to console her and cut one loaf and found two denarii rolled into the loaf. This says, whether innocent or guilty, never swear an oath.