Jerusalem Talmud Beitzah 2.4

משנה: בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים מְבִיאִין שְׁלָמִים וְאֵין סוֹמְכִין עֲלֵיהֶן אֲבָל לֹא עוֹלוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים מְבִיאִין שְׁלָמִים וְעוֹלוֹת וְסוֹמְכִין עֲלֵיהֶן:

MISHNAH: The House of Shammai say, one brings well-being offerings without leaning on them, but not elevation offerings; but the House of Hillel say one brings both well-being and elevation offerings and one leans on them.

הלכה: בֵּיִת שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים. הוּתְּרָה סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא כְדַרְכָּהּ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים. לֹא הוּתְּרָה סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא כְדַרְכָּהּ. אֵי זוֹ הִיא שֶׁלֹּא כְדַרְכָּהּ. מֵאֶתְמוֹל. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעוּרָה. כָּל עַמָּא מוֹדֵיי בְּאָשָׁם מְצוֹרָע שֶׁסָּמַךְ עָלָיו [מֵאֶתְמוֹל] לֹא יָצָא. שַׁלְמֵי נְדָבָה שֶׁסָּמַךְ עֲלֵיהֶן מֵאֶתְמוֹל יָצָא. מַה פְלִיגִין. בְּשַׁלְמֵי חֲגִיגָה. בֵּית שַׁמַּי עָבְדִין לוֹן כְּשַׁלְמֵי נְדָבָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל עָבְדִין לוֹן כְּאָשָׁם מְצוֹרָע. אָמַר רִבִּי יָסָי הֵן דַּאַתְּ אָמַר. אָשָׁם מְצוֹרָע שֶׁסָּמַךְ עָלָיו מֵאֶתְמוֹל לֹא יָצָא. בִּזְמַנּוֹ. עִיבֵּר זְמַנּוֹ נַעֲשֶׂה כְּשַׁלְמֵי נְדָבָה.

HALAKHAH: The House of Shammai say, irregular leaning-on was permitted. But the House of Hillel say, irregular leaning-on was not permitted. What is irregular leaning-on? From the day before. Rebbi Ze`ira said, everybody agrees that he did not fulfill his obligation regarding the reparation offering of a sufferer from skin disease if he leaned on the day before; he fulfilled his obligation with voluntary well-being offerings for which he leaned on the day before. Where do they disagree? The festival well-being offerings. The House of Shammai treat them like voluntary well-being offerings; the House of Hillel treat them like the reparation offering of a sufferer from skin disease. Rebbi Yasa said, that what you are saying, he did not fulfill his obligation regarding the reparation offering of a sufferer from skin disease if he leaned on the day before, {only} on time. If its time has passed it becomes like voluntary well-being offerings.

אָמְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּי. מָה אִם בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹסֵר לָהֶדְיוֹט הֲרֵי אֲנִי מַתִּיר לַגָּבוֹהַּ. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא מוּתָּר לָהֶדְיוֹט אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁנַּתִּיר לַגָּבוֹהַּ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּי. וַהֲרֵי נְדָרִים וּנְדָבוֹת יוֹכִיחוּ. שֶׁהֵן מוּתָּרִין לָהֶדִיוֹט וַאֲסוּרִין לַגָּבוֹהַּ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵית הִלֵּל. לֹא. אִם אָמַרְתֶּם בִּנְדָרִים וֹנְדָבוֹת שֶׁאֵין זְמַנָּן קָבוּעַ. תֹּאמְרוּ בַחֲגִיגָה שֶׁזְּמַנָּהּ קָבוּעַ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּי. חֲגִיגָה אֵין זְמַנָּהּ קָבוּעַ. שֶׁאִם לֹא חָג בְּרִאשׁוֹן חוֹגֵג בַּשֵּׁינִי. לֹא חָג בַּשֵּׁינִי חוֹגֵג בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵית הִלֵּל. חֲגִיגָה זְמַנָּהּ קָבוּעַ. שֶׁאִם לֹא חָג בָּרֶגֶל. אִינוֹ יָכוֹל לַחוֹג אַחַר הָרֶגֶל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּי. וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נְאֱמַר אַךְ אֲשֶׁר יֵאָכֵל לְכָל נֶפֶשׁ הוּא לְבַדּוֹ יֵעָשֶׂה לָכֶם. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵית הִלֵּל. מִשָּׁם רְאָיָיה. לָכֶם אֵינוֹ נַעֲשֶׂה. [אֲבָל] נַעֲשֶׂה הוּא לַגָּבוֹהַּ. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמְרוֹ טַעַם אַחֵר. מָה אִם בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁכִּירָתָךְ סְתוּמָה כִּירַת רַבָּךְ פְּתוּחָה. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁכִּירָתָךְ פְּתוּחָה אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁתְּהֵא כִירַת רַבָּךְ פְּתוּחָה. דָּבָר אַחֵר. אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁיְּהֵא שׁוּלְחָנָךְ מָלֵא וְשׁוּלְחַן קוֹנָךְ רֵיקָם.

“The House of Hillel said to the House of Shammai: Since at a time when I forbid to the private person I am permitting it for Heaven, when it is permitted for the private person is it not logical that it be permitted for Heaven? The House of Shammai said to them, vows and voluntary gifts are proof, since they are permitted to the private person but forbidden to Heaven. The House of Hillel said to them, no. If you are speaking about vows and voluntary gifts which have no fixed time, what does this imply for the festival offering which has a fixed time? The House of Shammai answered them, the festival offering has no fixed time since if he did not offer it on the first day, he may offer it on the second day, if he did not offer it on the second day, he may offer it on the third day. The House of Hillel told them, the festival offering has a fixed time, for if he did not offer it on the holiday of pilgrimage he may not offer it after the holiday. The House of Shammai said to them, is it not already said: only what can be eaten by any person this alone may be made for you? The House of Hillel answered them, is that a proof? For you it may not be made, [but] it is made for Heaven. Abba Shaul says it was based on another reason: Since when your stove is closed down, your Master’s stove is open, when your stove is open it only is logical that your Master’s stove should be open. Another explanation: It is not in order that your table should be full but the table of your Creator be empty.”

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ הֲוָה עֲבַר קוֹמֵי סִדְרָא. וּשְׁמַע קָלְהוֹן קְרָאֵיי הָהֵן פְּסוּקָא. וַיִּזְבְּחוּ לַיי זְבָחִים וַיַּעֲלוּ עוֹלוֹת לַיי לְמָחֳרַת הַיּוֹם הַהוּא. אָמַר. מָאן דִּמְפְסִק לֵהּ כְּבֵית שַׁמַּי. מָאן דָּקָרֵי כוּלֵּהּ כְּבֵית הִלֵּל. נִיחָא עוֹלוֹת לְמָחֳרַת הַיּוֹם וּשְׁלָמִים לְמָחֳרַת הַיּוֹם. וְאֵין שְׁלָמִים בָּאִין כְּבֵית שַׁמַּי. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן. דָּוִד מֵת בָּעֲצֶרֶת. וְהָיוּ כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹנְנִין והִקִרִיבוּ לְמָחָר.

Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish was passing by the school when he heard them reciting the verse, they sacrificed animal sacrifices and brought elevation sacrifices the next day. He said, he who interrupts follows the House of Shammai; he who reads it as one sentence follows the House of Hillel. One understands elevation sacrifices the next day; but well-being sacrifices the next day? Are not well-being sacrifices brought following the House of Shammai? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, David died on Pentecost; all of Israel were deep mourners and they brought the next day.

מַעֲשֶׂה בְהִלֵּל הַזָּקֵן שֶׁהֵבִיא עוֹלָתוֹ לָעֲזָרָה וְסָמַךִ עָלֶיהָ. וְחִבְּרוּ עָלָיו תַּלְמִידֵי שַׁמַּי. הִתְחִיל מְכַשְׂכֵּשׂ בִּזְנָבָהּ. אֲמַר לוֹן. רְאוּ נְקֵיבָה הִיא וּשְׁלָמִים הֵבֵאתִיהָ. וְהִפְלִיגָן בִּדְבָרִים וְהָלְכוּ לָהֶן. לְאַחַר יָמִים גָּבְרָה יָדָן שֶׁלְבֵּית שַׁמַּי. וּבִקְשׁוּ לִקְבוֹעַ הֲלָכָה כְדִבְרֵיהֶן. וְהָיָה שָׁם בָּבָא בֶּן בִּיטַיי מִתַּלְמִידֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהֲלָכָה כְבֵית הִלֵּל. פַּעַם אַחַת נִכְנַס לָעֲזָרָה וּמַצָא אוֹתָהּ שׁוֹמֶמֶת. אָמַר. יְשַׁמּוּ בָתֵּיהֶן שֵׁלְאֵילוּ שֶׁהֵשִׁימוּ בֵית אֱלֹהֵינוּ. מֶה עָשָׂה. שָׁלַח וְהֵבִיא שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים צֹאן מִצֹּאן קֵדָר. וּבִיקְּרָן מִמּוּמִין וְהֶעֱמִידָן בְּהַר הַבַּיִת. אָמַר לָהֶן. שְׁמָעוּנִי אֲחַיי בֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל. כָּל מִי שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה יָבִיא עוֹלוֹת יָבִיא וְיִסְמוֹךְ. יָבִיא שְׁלָמִים יָבִיא וְיִסְמוֹךְ. בְּאוֹתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה נִקְבְּעָה הֲלָכָה כְבֵית הִלֵּל. וְלֹא אָמַר אָדָם דָּבָר. אָמַר רִבִּי יִצְחָק בַּר לָעְזָר. הָדָאּ אָמְרָה. בְּשֵׁירוּתָא בְעָיָיא מוּלַיי סמא דְקִיסָּא מִינֵּיהּ וּבֵיהּ. כָּל גּוּמִרָא דְלָא כְוִויָה בְשַׁעְתָּהּ לָא כְוִויָה. שׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד מִתַּלְמִידֵי הִלֵּל שֶׁהֵבִיא עוֹלָתוֹ לָעֲזָרָה וְסָמַךִ עָלֶיהָ. וְרָאָהוּ אֶחָד מִתַּלְמִידֵי שַׁמַּי. אָמַר לֵיהּ. מַה זוֹ סְמִיכָה. אָמַר לֵיהּ. מַה זֶה שְׁתִיקָה. שִׁיתְּקוֹ בִנְזִיפָה וְהָלַךְ לוֹ.

“It happened that Hillel the Elder brought his elevation offering to the Temple courtyard and leaned on it. The students of Shammai ganged up on him. He started to wag its tail, said to them, look, it is a female and I brought it as well-being sacrifice, and kept them talking about other matters until they left. After some time the House of Shammai became strong and they wanted to fix practice following their words. There was there Bava ben Bitay from the students of the House of Shammai who realized that practice followed the House of Hillel. Once he entered the Temple courtyard and found it desolate. He said, the house of those who make our God’s House desolate shall be desolate. What did he do? He sent and brought 3’000 sheep from Qedar sheep, checked them for defects, and displayed them on the Temple Mount. He said to them, listen to me my brothers, the House of Israel. Anybody who wants to bring an elevation sacrifice may bring it and lean on it, to bring a well-being sacrifice may bring it and lean on it. At that moment, practice was fixed following the House of Hillel; and nobody said anything.” Rebbi Isaac ben Rebbi Eleazar said, (this implies) <this cup> for breakfast has to be full; the (poison) <worm> in the wood comes from itself; any coal which does not cause a burn at the start will not cause one. “Again it happened that a student of Hillel brought his elevation offering to the Temple courtyard and leaned on it. A student of Shammai saw him and said to him, what is this leaning-on? He said to him, what about being silent? He silenced him by a reprimand and he left.”