Jerusalem Talmud Shevuot 5.6

משנה: גָּנַבְתָּ אֶת שׁוֹרִי וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא גָנַבְתִּי מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אָנִי וְאָמַר אָמֵן חַיָיב. גָּנַבְתִּי אֲבָל לֹא טָבַחְתִּי וְלֹא מָכַרְתִּי מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אָנִי וְאָמַר אָמֵן פָּטוּר. הֵמִית שׁוֹרְךָ אֶת שׁוֹרִי וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא הֵמִית מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אָנִי וְאָמַר אָמֵן חַיָיב. הֵמִית שׁוֹרְךָ אֶת עַבְדִּי וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא הֵמִית מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אָנִי וְאָמַר אָמֵן פָּטוּר. אָמַר לוֹ חָבַלְתָּ בִּי וְעָשִׂיתָ בִּי חַבּוּרָה וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא חָבַלְתִּי וְלֹא עָשִׂיתִי בְךָ חַבּוּרָה מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אָנִי וְאָמַר אָמֵן חַיָיב. אָמַר לֹו עַבְדּוֹ הִפַּלְתָּ אֶת שִׁנִּי וְסִימִּיתָ אֶת עֵינִי וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא הִפַּלְתִּי וְלֹא סִימִּיתִי מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אָנִי וְאָמַר אָמֵן פָּטוּר. זֶה הַכְּלָל כָּל הַמְשַׁלֵּם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ חַיָיב. וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ פָּטוּר:

MISHNAH: “You stole my ox,” but he says “I did not steal;” “I am asking you to swear” and he says “Amen”, he is liable. “I stole but I did not slaughter or sell it;” “I am asking you to swear” and he says “Amen”, he is not liable. “Your ox killed my ox,” but he says “he did not kill;” “I am asking you to swear” and he says “Amen,” he is liable. “Your ox killed my slave,” but he says “he did not kill;” “I am asking you to swear” and he says “Amen”, he is not liable. He said to him, “you hurt me and injured me,” but he says “I did not hurt you and I did not injure you;” “I am asking you to swear” and he says “Amen”, he is liable. His slave said to him, “you knocked out my tooth and blinded my eye,” but he says “I did not knock out your tooth or blind your eye;” “I am asking you to swear” and he says “Amen”, he is not liable. This is the principle, anybody who has to pay on his own admission is liable; but anybody who does not have to pay on his own admission is not liable.

הלכה: גָּנַבְתָּה אֶת שׁוֹרִי כול׳ עַד סוֹף פִּירְקָא. רִבִּי יִצְחָק שָׁאַל. מָהוּ שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּם דְּמֵי הָעֶבֶד מִפִּיו. וּמַה צְרִיכָה לֵיהּ. כָּל שְׁלשִׁים קְנָס אוֹ יוֹתֵר בְּדָמָיו קְנָס. אִין תֵּימַר. כָּל שְׁלֹשִׁים קְנָס. אֵין מְשַׁלֵּם. אִין תֵּימַר. יוֹתֵר בְּדָמָיו קְנָס. מְשַׁלֵּם. תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן. הֵמִית שׁוֹרְךָ עַבְדִּי. וְהוּא אָמַר. לֹא הֵמִית . מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אָנִי. וְאָמַר אָמֵן. פָּטוּר. אָמַר רִבִּי חַגַּיי קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יֹוסֵי. תִּיפְתָּר שֶׁהֵמִית עֶבֶד מוּכֶּה שְּׁחִין. אָמַר לֵיהּ. וָמוֹר דְּבַתְרָהּ. הֵמִית שׁוֹרְךָ בְּנִי. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר. לֹא הֵמִית. מַשְׁבִּיעֲךָ אָנִי. וְאָמַר אָמֵן. חַיָיב. וּפְתָרָהּ בְּמוּכֶּה שְּׁחִין וְיהֵא פָטוּר. לֵית יְכִיל. דְּתַנִּינָן. הֵמִית בֶּן חוֹרִין נוֹתֵן שָׁוְייוֹ. אָמַר רִבִּי עֶזְרָא קַמֵּי רִבִּי מָנָא. תִּיפְתָּר כְּמָאן דָּמַר. וְנָתַן פִּדְיוֹן נַפְשׁוֹ שֶׁלְּנִיזָּק. אָמַר לֵיהּ. אִין כְּמָאן דָּמַר. וְנָתַן פִּדְיוֹן נַפְשׁוֹ שֶׁלְּנִיזָּק. כּוּלּוֹ קְנָס.

HALAKHAH: “ “You stole my ox,” etc. to the end of the Chapter. Rebbi Isaac asked, should one have to pay the value of the slave by his admission? But what is his problem? Are the entire thirty a fine or is only the excess over his value a fine? If you say, all the thirty are a fine, he does not pay. If you say, the excess over his value is a fine, he pays. There, we have stated: “ ‘Your ox killed my slave’, but he says ‘he did not kill;’ ‘I am asking you to swear’ and he says ‘Amen’, he is not liable.” Rebbi Ḥaggai said before Rebbi Yose: Explain it if he killed a slave covered with boils. He said to him, but it says afterwards, “ ‘Your ox killed my son’, but he says ‘he did not kill;’ ‘I am asking you to swear’ and he says ‘Amen’, he is liable.” You could explain it if he was covered with boils, then he would not be liable! You cannot do this, as we have stated: “If he killed a human, he has to pay his worth.” Rebbi Ezra said before Rebbi Mana Explain it following him who said, he shall pay redemption of his person; of the injured. He said to him, if following him who said, he shall pay redemption of his person; of the injured, all is a fine

מָהוּ שֶׁיֹּאמַר לוֹ. צֵא יְדֵי שָׁמַיִם. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל שֶׁהִפִּיל שֶׁן טַבִּי עַבְדּוֹ. אָתָא גַבֵּי רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. אָמַר לֵיהּ. טַבִּי עַבְדִּי מָצָאתִי עִילָּה לְשַׁחְרְרוֹ. אָמַר. לֵית בְּיָדָךְ. וְאֵין קְנָסוֹת אֶלָּא בְעֵדִים וּבְבֵית דִּין. הָדָא אָמְרָה שֶׁאֵין אוֹמֵר לֹו. צֵא יְדֵי שָׁמַיִם. רִבִּי גַּמְלִיאֵל בֵּירִבִּי אִלָעִאי בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי מָנָא. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל כְּמָאן דְּאָמַר. מוּתָּר לְשַׁחְרֵר. אָמַר לֵיהּ. גַּרְמָהּ אָמְרָה שֶׁאָסוּר לְשַׁחְרֵר. דִּלֹא כֵן הָיָה לוֹ לְשַׁחְרְרוֹ מִשָּׁעָה רִאשׁוֹנָה.

Does one tell him, be in the clear with Heaven? Let us hear from the following: “It happened that Rabban Gamliel knocked out a tooth of his slave Tabi. He came to Rebbi Joshua and said to him, I found a reason to manumit my slave Tabi. He told him, you have nothing in your hand; fines only are imposed through witnesses and in court.” This implies that one does not tell him, be in the clear with Heaven. Rebbi Gamliel ben Rebbi Illai asked before Rebbi Mana, does Rabban Gamliel hold with him who says, one is permitted to manumit? He told him, in itself it says that it is forbidden to manumit, for otherwise he should have manumitted him immediately.