Rabbinic JudaismJerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia 5.1HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
The Jerusalem TalmudJerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia 5.1

The Jerusalem Talmud

Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia 5.1

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

MISHNAH: What is biting and what is increase? What is biting, lending a tetradrachma for five denars, two se’ah of wheat for three; because this bites. What is increase? Paying more for produce. How is this? One bought from another wheat for a gold denar the kor at the going rate. Wheat appreciated to thirty denars. He told him, deliver my wheat, for I want to sell it and buy wine with the proceeds. The other said, let your wheat be given to me for thirty denars and you have wine with me, but he has no wine. A creditor may not dwell on the debtor’s premises for free or rent it below the going rate, for this would be interest.

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

HALAKHAH: “What is biting,” etc. Rebbi Yannai said, this is interest which is taken away by the judges. They asked before Rebbi Joḥanan, can interest be taken away by the judges? He said, if it were so, nothing would be left for the great people of the Land of Israel. Rebbi Joḥanan agrees that no document obligates another. Rebbi Joḥanan agrees that if the document exists one subtracts [the interest].

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“What is increase?” It was stated: A Jew who lent to another Jew with interest can collect neither principal nor interest, the words of Rebbi Meïr. But the Sages say, he may collect the capital but not the interest. It is written: “Your money you shall not give him by biting.” Not only money by biting and food by increase. From where increase in money and biting in food? The verse says, “do not take from him biting and increase,” it brackets biting with increase and increase with biting. Since biting refers to money, increase also refers to money; since increase refers to food, biting also refers to food.

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“One bought wheat from another.” Rebbi Abba bar Cahana said, the rate which is valid for everybody. Less than that, woe to the seller; more than that, woe to the buyer!

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“He told him, deliver my wheat, for I want to sell it.” How did he acquire? Rav Naḥman bar Jacob was of the opinion that he had to deliver (to the other person) [by law. Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: His money acquired for him by biblical law.]

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“A creditor.” A person lent money to another, who let him live in his house, then said, give me the rent for my house. The first one said, give me my money. The case came before Rebbi Abba bar Mina, who told him to give what was a reasonable rent.

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English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

It was stated: “There are things which are interest but are permitted. How is that? A person may buy another’s promissory notes at a discount, or bills of debt at a discount, and need have no compunctions because of interest. Other things are not interest but are forbidden because of circumventing interest. How is that? One received from another a field for ten kor of wheat.… A person said to another, lend me a tetradrachma. He answered, I only have a kor of wheat, take it. If he then turned around and bought it back for 24 it is not interest but forbidden because of circumventing interest.” He might have said to him, you do not have to do this and take your denar but then you have to pay for vessels and porters of the containers.

8
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi La said, he pays him the wages of his foot; Rebbi Ze‘ira said, he rents him the dwelling at an inflated price.

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Jerusalem Talmud Bava Metzia 5.1English
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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

Hebrew/Aramaic text: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015), via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

English translation: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015); commentary notes omitted, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

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