Rabbinic JudaismJerusalem Talmud Sotah 9.2HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
The Jerusalem TalmudJerusalem Talmud Sotah 9.2

The Jerusalem Talmud

Jerusalem Talmud Sotah 9.2

1
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

MISHNAH: If [the corpse] was found hidden in a heap, or hanging from a tree, or floating on the water, one did not break the neck as it is written “on the earth” but not hidden in a heap, “fallen” but not hanging from a tree, “on the field” but not floating on the water. If he was found close to the border, a town in which Gentiles live, or a town without a court, one did measure only from a town with a court. If he was found exactly in the middle between two towns, both bring a total of two calves, the words of Rebbi Eliezer; but the Sages say that one town brings one calf whose neck is broken but two towns do not bring two calves, and Jerusalem does not bring a calf whose neck is broken.

2
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

HALAKHAH: It was stated: Rebbi Eliezer says, if he was found strangled and hanging from a tree they did not break its neck. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Jehudah said, one does not have to say strangled and hanging from a tree, from where even if he was found cast away? The verse says “fallen”, why does the verse say “slain”? But even if he was found strangled or hanging from a tree they did not break its neck.

3
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun stated in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: “If he was found standing on his bed and the knife was sticking in his heart, one did not break its neck. Rebbi Simeon ben Ioḥai stated, one did break its neck.” But that of Rebbi Simeon ben Ioḥai is of those which are so-and-so. As Rebbi Joḥanan said, all those [statements] of Rebbi Simeon ben Ioḥai which are so-and-so are isolated opinions and one cannot rely on them.

4
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

If he was found at the entrance of the city one did break its neck in order to perform the commanded measurement.

5
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

When Rav descended there, he declared: I am this place’s Ben Azai. There came an old man and asked him, two slain people, one on top of the other? Rav was of the opinion that one breaks its neck. He told him, one does not break its neck. He asked him, why? He said to him, not the lower one for he is hidden, not the upper one because he floats. When he ascended here, he came to Rebbi, who told him: He told you correctly, “if he is found,” and not “if they are found.” It is reasonable to say “on the land,” not floating on the water, “on a field”, not hidden in a heap. That is how it was stated in the House of Rebbi.

6
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

The argument of the rabbis seems inverted; there they say to exclude the hidden things, but here they say to include the hidden things. There, “your field,” in the open, to exclude that which is hidden; “your harvest,” in the open, to exclude that which is hidden. It is a restriction after a restriction to add the hidden things. But here, “on the land,” not floating on the water.

7
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“If he was found close to the border,” I say that Saracens killed him. “To a town in which Gentiles live,” I say that Gentiles killed him. “Or a town without a court, one did measure only from a town with a court,” as it is written: “Our hands did not spill this blood.”

8
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

What is the reason of the rabbis? As it is written: “It shall be the town close to the slain.” What is the reason of Rebbi Eliezer? As it is written: “They shall measure to the towns which surround the slain.”

9
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

What is the status of cities of refuge? If you say, they were given as distribution, they bring a calf whose neck is broken. If you say, they were given as living quarters, they do not bring a calf whose neck is broken.

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Jerusalem Talmud Sotah 9.2English
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Jerusalem Talmud Sotah 9.20%

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

Hebrew/Aramaic text: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015), via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

English translation: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015); commentary notes omitted, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

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