Rabbinic JudaismJerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 4.1HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
The Jerusalem TalmudJerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 4.1

The Jerusalem Talmud

Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 4.1

1
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

MISHNAH: Rebbi Ismael said, three stones next to one another and next to a Mercury are forbidden, but two are permitted. But the Sages say, what is seen with it is forbidden, what is not seen with it is permitted.

2
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

HALAKHAH: “Rebbi Ismael said,” etc. Rebbi Immi said, the reason of Rebbi Ismael is because of a small Mercurius next to a large Mercurius. But the rabbis say, because of the feet of Mercurius. How large are the feet of Mercurius? 50 cubits.

3
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

The practice of Mercurius is the following: Two stones one touching the other and the third on top of them. If one put down the second one and they warned him because of “it and its young”, he is whipped. Because of idolatry he is stoned. If he put down the third; there is a disagreement between Rebbi Joḥanan and Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish. For they disagreed: If somebody slaughters an animal and its young for idolatrous purposes. Rebbi Joḥanan says, if he was cautioned about an animal and its young he is flogged, about idolatry he is stoned. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, even if he is cautioned about an animal and its young he is not flogged since he would be stoned to death had he be cautioned about idolatry.

4
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

What is a Mercurius? Any which borders the ocean or roads. The practice of Mercurius is by throwing. What if he bowed down before it? Rebbi Yose said, essentially is is called Mercurius only for bowing down, a maskit stone you shall not put up in your land to bow down on it. I could think that one may not put two stones next to one another and put his box down on them, the verse says to bow down on it, you do not bow down on it but you put your box down on it; you do not bow down on it but you bow down on the stones of the Temple.

5
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rav commanded to the family of Rav Aḥa, Rebbi Immi commanded to his own family, if you go out on the fast day you should not incline normally. Rebbi Jonah inclined on his side; Rebbi Aḥa inclined on his side. Rebbi Samuel said, I saw Rebbi Abbahu inclining normally. Rebbi Yose said, I pointed out a difficulty before Rebbi Abbahu, is it not written, a maskit stone you shall not put up in your land to bow down on it. Explain it if he fixed a place for it. But is it not written, it was when David arrived at the mountaintop where one bows down before God? Except bowing down which is not on the ground. Does there exist bowing down which is not on the ground? They fell down with their faces to the ground and bowed down. Rebbi Abbahu added up to give thanks to the Eternal for He is good; Rebbi Mana added up to for eternal is His kindness to Israel. Rebbi Joḥanan said to Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: Babylonian, two things came from you, the stretching out on the Fast Day, and the willow of the Seventh Day. The rabbis of Caesarea say, also this blood letting. It follows what Rebbi Immi said, the Babylonians in the name of the rabbis there: They permitted prostrating only on a public fast, and only on the side. The younger Rebbi Yannai in the name of his fathers: Anybody who is not qualified like Joshua that if he falls on his face the Holy One, praise to Him, would tell him, get up, should not fall down, in the case of an individual [praying] for the community.

6
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

“But the Sages say, what is seen with it is forbidden, what is not seen with it is permitted.” (What is seen with it, its body, is forbidden; what is not seen with it is permitted.) What is seen with it is its body, what is not seen with it is not its body. Does this not disagree with Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish since Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, an idol which was broken is permitted? And so we are thinking to say if in the future he can restore it whole it is permitted according to everybody. Does this not disagree with Rebbi Joḥanan, as Rebbi Joḥanan said, an idol which was broken is forbidden? And so we are thinking to say if in the future he cannot restore it whole it is permitted according to everybody.

7
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

But Rebbi Yudan the father of Rebbi Mattaniah said, if they were lying on their spot it is as if he would return it to its wholeness. And these are at their place.

8
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav: Sometimes you are saying, broken pieces of idols cannot be nullified. And sometimes you are saying, serving pieces of idols cannot be nullified He who says serving pieces, certainly idols. But he who says idols, therefore not serving pieces. Rebbi Samuel, Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rav: Mercurius stones which were scattered never can be nullified, because of worship of idols. Rebbi Joḥanan heard it and said, our teacher taught us well, since if one bows down before an idol of (mourners) they never can be nullified.

9
English · Heinrich W. Guggenheimer

How does one nullify it? Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Ada said, by spit. But did not Rebbi Ḥiyya state: Scattered stones of Mercurius have no nullification? Rebbi Phineas said, here those which where thrown at it; there those which were not thrown at it. As this: Rebbi Simeon ben Rebbi had a Mercurius on his field. He came to his burgonar and told him, since I heard that the magistrate wants to pass by here tomorrow, by your life lift these stones. After he had lifted them, he wanted to take them away. He told him, they are mine. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba heard this and said, did not the Elder Rebbi Ḥiyya state this? But since he had heard it from him, he reinforced and fixed it.

1
Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 4.1English
2
Jerusalem Talmud Avodah Zarah 4.10%

The Jerusalem Talmud

Find your chapter.

2204 chapters

Make yourself comfortable.

PAGE COLOUR

TEXT SIZE

100%

Your preferences stay with you on this device.

ORIGINALS & TRANSLATIONS

Choose your edition.

Select one edition for quiet reading, or several to compare the words.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

Hebrew/Aramaic text: The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015), via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org); commentary notes omitted. · Source ↗

English translation: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation and commentary by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1999–2015); commentary notes omitted, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

↑
Explore the atlas
↑ ↓ to explore   ·   Enter to open   ·   Esc to close