Jerusalem Talmud Shevuot 6.2

משנה: מְנָה לִי בְיָדֶךָ אָמַר לוֹ הֵין וּלְמָחָר אָמַר לוֹ תְּנֵיהוּ לִי נְתַתִּיו לָךְ פָּטוּר. מְנָה לִי בְיָדֶךָ אָמַר לוֹ הֵין אַל תִּתְּנֵיהוּ לִי אֶלָּא בִפְנֵי עֵדִים. לְמָחָר אָמַר לוֹ תְּנֵהוּ לִי נְתַתִּיו לָךְ חַיָיב מִפְּנֵי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לִיתְּנֵם בִּפְנֵי עֵדִים:

MISHNAH: “You are holding a mina for me;” he said “yes”. The next day he said, “return it to me,” “I returned it to you;” he is not liable. “You are holding a mina for me;” he said “yes.” “Return it to me only in the presence of witnesses.” The next day he said, “return it to me,” “I returned it to you;” he is liable since he is required to return it in the presence of witnesses.

הלכה: מְנָה לִי בְיָדֶךָ כול׳. אָמַר רִבִּי בּוּן. דֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לְהַלְווֹת לְחַבְרֵיהֶן שֶׁלֹּא בָעֵדִים וּלְתוֹבְעָן בְּעֵדִים.

HALAKHAH: “You are holding a mina for me;” etc. Rebbi Abun said, it is usual for people to give loans to others not in the presence of witnesses but to ask for repayment in the presence of witnesses.

מְנָה לִי בְיָדֶךָ. אָמַר לוֹ. הֵין. אַל תִּתְּנֵיהוּ לִי אֶלָּא בִפְנֵי פְלוֹנִי וּפְלוֹנִי. לְמָחָר אָמַר לוֹ. תְּנֵיהוּ לִי. נְתַתִּיו לָךְ. חַיָיב. שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהַחֲזִיר לוֹ בָעֵדִים. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ. נְתַתִּיו לָךְ בָּעֵדִים. תַּנֵּי בַּר קַפָּרָא. בְּמַעֲמַד פְּלוֹנִי וּפְלוֹנִי. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ. בְּמַעֲמַד פְּלוֹנִי וּפְלוֹנִי. רִבִּי בָּא רַב הַמְנוּנָא רַב אָדָא בַּר אַהֲבָה בְשֵׁם רַב. מַעֲשֶׂה בָא לִפְנֵי רִבִּי וְאָמַר. יָבוֹאוּ פְּלוֹנִי וּפְלוֹנִי.

“You are holding a mina for me;” he said “yes.” “Return it to me only in the presence of X and Y.” The next day he said, “return it to me,” “I returned it to you;” he is liable since he is required to return it in the presence of witnesses. Think of it, if he said, I returned it in the presence of witnesses. Bar Kappara stated: “when X and Y are standing there.” Think of it, if he said, “when X were Y are standing there.” Rebbi Abba, Rav Hamnuna, Rebbi Ada bar Ahava in the name of Rav: A case came before Rebbi, and he said, let X and Y come.

הֲרֵי שֶׁבָּא בִשְׁטָר וּבַחֲזָקָה. רִבִּי אוֹמֵר. יִדּוֹן בִּשְׁטָר. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר. יִדּוֹן בַּחֲזָקָה. רִבִּי זֵירָא בְשֵׁם רַב יִרְמְיָה. מַעֲשֶׂה בָא לִפְנֵי רִבִּי יְהוּדָה כְרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָעֵי קַמֵּי רִבִּי זֵירָא. מַה. מִחְלְפָה שִׁיטָּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי. תַּמָּן אָמַר. יִדּוֹן בִּשְׁטָר. וָכָא אָמַר. יִדּוֹן בַּחֲזָקָה. נֵימַר. עַד דְּלֹא יַחְזוֹר בֵּיהּ. וַאֲפִילוּ תֵימַר מִדְּחָזַר בֵּיהּ. לֹא בִיקֵּשׁ רִבִּי אֶלָּא לַעֲמוֹד עַל אֲמִיתָן שֶׁלִּדְבָרִים. הַמַּחֲזִיק מַחֲמַת אוֹנוֹ וְנִמְצֵאת פְּסוּלָה אֵינָהּ חֲזָקָה. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה אָמַר. בַּמַּחֲלוּקֶת. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר רִבִּי זֵירָא רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אַבִּינָּא. דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הִיא. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. תַּמָּן בְּבָא בִשְׁטָר וּבַחֲזָקָה. הָכָא בָּבָא בִשְׁטָר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן. תַּמָּן בְּבָא בִשְׁתֵּי כִיתֵּי עֵדִים. הָכָא בְכוֹפֵר בִּרְאָיוֹתָיו.

If somebody produced both a document and ḥazaqah. Rebbi says, it should be judged by the document. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, it should be judged by ḥazaqah. Rebbi Ze`ira in the name of Rav Jeremiah: A case came before Rebbi Jehudah following Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel. Rebbi Jeremiah asked before Rebbi Ze`ira: How? Did Rebbi switch his opinion? There he said, it should be judged by the document. But here he said it should be judged by ḥazaqah. Would we say, before he changed his opinion? Even if you say, after he changed his opinion. Rebbi only wanted to determine the truth of the matter. “If somebody occupied real estate on the basis of a document of sale and it was found invalid, this is not ḥazaqah.” Rebbi Jeremiah said, in dispute. Rebbi Samuel said, Rebbi Ze`ira, Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Abinna: it is everybody’s opinion. Rebbi Yose said, there if one produced both a document and ḥazaqah. Here if he came with a document. Rebbi Yudan said, there if he presented two groups of witnesses; here one who contradicts his own proofs.

רִבִּי מָרִינוּס הֲוָה עָרֵב לְכַלָּתֵיהּ וָהֲווּ דָיַינִין קֹמֵי רִבִּי חָמָא אֲבִי בַּר קַפָּרָא וְרִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. מִדְּהוֹדָה אָמַר לֵיהּ. יְהָבִית. שָׁאֲלוֹן לְרִבִּי חִיָיה רוֹבָה. שָׁאַל רִבִּי חִיָיה לְרִבִּי. הַמִּתְחַיֵיב בְּבֵית דִּין לֹא כָל הֵימֵינוּ. מַאי לֹא כָל הֵימֵינוּ. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אִם מֵעַצְמוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר נָתַתִּי. וְאִם מִפִּי אֲחֵרִים לֹא כָל הֵימֵינוּ. רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר. אַף בִּשְׁבוּעוֹת כֵּן. מָהוּ אַף בִּשְׁבוּעוֹת כֵּן. רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אִם מֵעַצְמוֹ נִשְׁבָּע נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי. אִם מִפִּי אֲחֵרִים לֹא כָל הֵימֵינוּ.

Rebbi Marinus was guarantor for his daughter-in-law. They went to court before Rebbi Ḥama the father of Bat Qappara and Rebbi Hoshaia. After he had admitted he said to him, I gave. They asked the Elder Rebbi Ḥiyya; Rebbi Ḥiyya asked Rebbi: One who became liable in court cannot be trusted. What is the meaning of “he cannot be trusted”? Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If he pays on his own initiative, he is trusted when he says, I gave. But from the orders of others, he cannot be trusted. Rebbi Abun bar Cahana said, also for oaths it is the same. What is the meaning of “also for oaths it is the same”? Rebbi Abbahu in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If he swears on his own initiative, he is trusted when he says, I swore. But from the orders of others, he cannot be trusted.