Jerusalem Talmud Gittin 5.5

משנה: הַמְטַמֵּא וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ וְהַמְנַסֵּךְ אִם שׁוֹגֵג פָּטוּר וְאִם מֵזִיד חַיָיב. הַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁפִּיגְּלוּ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ מְזִידִים חַיָיבִין.

MISHNAH: If someone causes impurity, or dema‘, or libation wine, if it was unintentional he is free, intentional he is obligated. If Cohanim in the Temple intentionally made [a sacrifice] piggul, they have to pay.

הלכה: רִבִּי יוּדָן לֹא נָחַת לְבֵית וַועֲדָא. קָם עִם רִבִּי מָנָא אָמַר לֵיהּ. מַה חַדְתִּין יֵומְרוּן. אָמַר לֵיהּ. כֵּן אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. הַמְטַמֵּא אֵינוֹ כְעוֹשֶׂה מַעֲשֶׂה. מִן הָדָא תְּרוּמָה וְנִיטְמֵאת. אָמַר לֵיהּ. תִּיפְתָּר שֶׁנִּיטְמֵאת מֵאֵילֶיהָ וְלֵית שְׁמַע מִינָּהּ כְּלוּם. דְּהִיא מַתְנִיתָא. דָּן אֶת הַדִּין. זִיכֶּה אֶת הַחַיָיב וְחִיֵיב אֶת הַזַּכַּאי. טִימֵּא אֶת הַטָּהוֹר טִיהֵר אֶת הַטָּמֵא. דָּמַר רַב יִרְמְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַב. בְּמַגִּיעוֹ לְיָדוֹ. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. בְּמַגִּיעוֹ לְיָדוֹ. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה בֵּרִבִּי אוֹמֵר. בַּדִין הָיָה שֶׁאֲפִלוּ בְּמֵזִיד יְהֵא פָטוּר. לָמָּה אָמְרוּ חַיָיב. כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא מוֹדִיעַ. וְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. בְּדִין הָיָה אֲפִילוּ שׁוֹגֵג שֶׁיְּהֵא חַיָיב. וְלָמָּה אָמְרוּ פָּטוּר. מִשּׁוּם קְנָס. חֵיילֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִן הָדָא. הַמְטַמֵּא וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ וְהַמְנַסֵּךְ בְּשׁוֹגֵג פָּטוּר בְּמֵזִיד חַיָיב. וְאָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. וּמִשּׁוּם קְנָס. מִתְנִיתָא מְסַייעָא לְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הַנּוֹתֵן עוֹל עַל גַבֵּי פָּרָתוֹ שֶׁלַּחֲבֵירוֹ פָּטוּר מִדִּינֵי אָדָם וְחַיָיב בְּדִינֵי שָׁמַיִם.

HALAKHAH: Rebbi Yudan did not go to the assembly. He was standing with Rebbi Mana and asked him, what new was said? He said: So says Rebbi Yose, a person causing impurity does not have the status of a perpetrator, fromthe following: “Heave which became impure.” He answered: Explain it, if it became impure by itself; then you cannot infer anything, because of a Mishnah: “If somebody judged, absolved the guilty and obligated the innocent, declared the pure impure and the impure pure.” For Rav Jeremiah said in the name of Rav: If he touched it with his hand. Samuel said: If he touched it with his hand. Rebbi Jehudah ben Rebbi says, it should have been logical that even intentionally he should have been free. Why did they say that he is obligated? That he should tell. And Rebbi Joḥanan said, it should have been logical that even unintentionally he should have been obligated. Why did they say that he is free? Because of a fine. The strength of Rebbi Joḥanan comes from this: “If someone causes anything to become impure, or dema‘, or libation wine, if it was unintentional he is free, intentional he is obligated,” and Rebbi Joḥanan said, he pays a fine. A baraita supports Rebbi Joḥanan: “A person who puts a yoke on another’s cow is free in human law but guilty in Heaven’s law.”

עַד כְּדוֹן כְּסָבוּר שֶׁהוּא חוּלִין. הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ בָּהּ שֶׁהִיא תְרוּמָה וּכְסָבוּר שֶׁמּוּתָּר לְטַמּוֹתָהּ. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. הַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁפִּיגְּלוּ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ מְזִידִין חַיָיבִין. מָה אֲנָן קַיָימִין. אִם כְּסָבוּר כֹּהֵן שֶׁהוּא חוּלִין. וְיֵשׁ פִּיגּוּל בְּחוּלִין. אֶלָּא כֵן אֲנָן קַיָימִין בְּיוֹדֵעַ בָּהֶן שֶׁהֵן קוֹדֶשׁ. וְסָבוּר לוֹמַר שֶׁמּוּתָּר לְפַגֵּל בַּקּוֹדֶשׁ. וְהָכָא בְּיוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהִיא תְרוּמָה וְסָבוּר לוֹמַר מוּתָּר לְטַמּוֹתָהּ.

So far if he thought that it was profane. If he knew that it was heave but he thought that it was permitted to make it impure? Let ushear from the following: “If Cohanim in the Temple intentionally made [a sacrifice] piggul, they have to pay.” Could the Cohen think that it was profane? Is there piggul of profane things? But we must hold that he knew that it was holy but thought that it was permitted to make piggul of sacrifices. And here, if he knew that it was heave but thought that it was permitted to make it impure.

רַב הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַב. וְהוּא שֶׁעִירֵב. נִּיסֵּךְ וְעִירְבְּבָהּ. בַּתְּחִילָּה וְהוּא חַיָיב מִיתָה וְלִבְּסוֹף בַּתַּשְׁלוּמִין. הָתִיב רִבִּי אַבָּא. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ שֶׁהָרַג אֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ וְשִׁיבֵּר אֶת הַצְּלוֹחִית. כַּתְּחִילָּה הוּא חַיָיב מִיתָה וְלִבְּסוֹף בַּתַּשְׁלוּמִין. מָתִיב רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ שֶׁהִדְלִיק גְּדִישׁוֹ שֶׁלַּחֲבֵירוֹ בְּיוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים. בַּתְּחִילָּה הוּא חַיָיב מִיתָה וְלִבְּסוֹף בַּתַּשְׁלוּמִין. הַמְטַמֵּא וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ וְהַמְנַסֵּךְ בְּשׁוֹגֵג פָּטוּר. בְמֵזִיד חַיָיב. וְאָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. מִשּׁוּם קְנָס.

Rav Huna in the name of Rav: If he mixed. If he made a libation and then mixed it, at the start he committed a capital crime and at the end he has to pay? Rebbi Abba objected: Think of it, if he killed somebody and broke the flask, at the start he committed a capital crime and in the end he has to pay? Rebbi Yose objected: Think of it, if he set fire to somebody’s grain stack on the Day of Atonement, at the start he committed a capital crime and in the end he has to pay? “If someone causes anything to become impure, or turn into dema‘, or libation wine, if it was unintentional he is free, intentional he is obligated,” and Rebbi Joḥanan said, he pays a fine.