Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 1.3

משנה: בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים בָּעֶרֶב כָּל אָדָם יַטּוּ וְיִקְרוּ וּבַבּוֹקֶר יַעֲמוֹדוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶךָ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים כָּל אָדָם קוֹרִין כְּדַרְכָּן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ. אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ. אֶלָּא בְשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם שׁוֹכְבִין וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם עוֹמְדִין.

MISHNAH: The school of Shammai say: In the evening, everyone must bend down and recite and in the morning they should stand up since it is said (Deut. 6:7): “when you sit in your house or go on the road, when you are lying down and when you are getting up.” But the school of Hillel say: everyone should recite in the position he is in, since it says “or go on the road.” In that case, why does it say: “when you are lying down and when you are getting up;” this means the time when people go to sleep and the time when they are getting up.

הלכה: הָא דְבֵית הִלֵּל מְקַיְימִין תְּרֵין קָרְיָא מַה מְקַיְימִין דְּבֵית שַׁמַּאי בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶךָ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ. בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶךָ פְּרָט לְעוֹסְקִים בְּמִצְוֹת. וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ פְּרָט לַחֲתָנִים.

HALAKHAH: They of the school of Hillel are able to explain both parts of the verse. How do those of the school of Shammai explain “when you sit in your house or go on the road”? “When you sit in your house”, to exclude those who are occupied with other religious commandments, “or go on the road” to exclude bridegrooms.

תַּנִּי מַעֲשֵׂה בְּרִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה וְרִבִּי יִשְׁמָעְאֵל שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁרוּיִּין בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד וְהָיָה רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מוּטָּה וְרִבִּי יִשְׁמָעְאֵל זָקוּף. הִגִּיעַ זְמַן עוֹנָת קִרְיַת שְׁמַע זָקַף רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה וְהִיטָּה רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעְאֵל. אָמַר רִבִּי אֶלְעָזָר לְרִבִּי יִשְׁמָעְאֵל אוֹמֵר לְאֶחָד בְּשׁוּק מַה לְךָ זְקָנְךָ מְגוּדָּל וְהוּא אוֹמֵר יִהְיֶה כְּנֶגֶד הַמַּשְׁחִיתִים. אֲנִי שֶׁהָיִיתִי מוּטָּה נִזְקַפְתִּי וְאַתָּה שֶׁהָיִיתָ זָקוּף הִטִּיתָ. אָמַר לוֹ אַתָּה נִזְקַפְתָּ כְדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי. וַאֲנִי הִיטִּיתִי כְדִבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. דָּבָר אַחֵר שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאוּנִי הַתַּלְמִידִים וְיַעֲשׂוּ הֲלָכָה קֶבַע כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי.

We have stated: It happened that Rebbi Eleazar ben Azariah and Rebbi Ismael stayed at the same place and Rebbi Eleazar ben Azariah was reclining while Rebbi Ismael was standing. When the time for the recital of the Shema‘ arrived did Rebbi Eleazar ben Azariah stand and Rebbi Ismael reclined. Rebbi Eleazar said to Rebbi Ismael, this is as when one says to someone in the market place, your beard is overgrown, and he says, that is against those who shave. I, who was reclining, stood up and you, who were standing, went on to recline. He answered him: You stood up following the school of Shammai, I reclined following the school of Hillel. Another explanation: That the students should not see me and make it the permanent practice to follow the school of Shammai.