Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin 8.8

משנה: הַבָּא בַמַּחְתֶּרֶת נִידּוֹן עַל שֵׁם סוֹפוֹ. הָיָה בָא בַמַּחְתֶּרֶת וְשָׁבַר אֶת הֶחָבִית אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ דָמִים חַיָיב אִם אֵין לוֹ דָמִים פָּטוּר:

MISHNAH: The intruder by stealth is judged because of his end. If in the course of a burglary he broke an amphora, if he has blood-guilt attached to him, he is liable; if he has no blood-guilt attached to him, he is not liable.

הלכה: הַבָּא בַמַּחְתֶּרֶת כול׳. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. זֶה אֶחָד מִשְׁלֹשָׁה מִקְרִיּוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֶמְרוּ בַתּוֹרָה כְמָשָׁל. אִם יָקוּם וְהִתְהַלֵּךְ בַּחוּץ עַל מִשְׁעַנְתּוֹ. אִם בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת יִמָּצֵא הַגַּנָּב. אִם זָרְחָה הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עָלָיו דָּמִים לוֹ. וְכִי עָלָיו לְבַדּוֹ הַחַמָּה זוֹרַחַת. וַהֲלֹא עַל כָּל בָּאֵי הָעוֹלָם זוֹרַחַת הַחַמָּה. אֶלָּא מַה זְרִיחַת הַחַמָּה מְיוּחֶדֶת שֶׁהוּא שָׁלוֹם לְכָל בָּאֵי הָעוֹלָם. כָּךְ כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאַתְּ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאַתְּ שָׁלוֹם מִמֶּנּוּ בֵּין בַּיּוֹם וּבֵין בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוֹרְגוֹ נֶהֱרַג. פְּעָמִים שֶּׁהוּא בָא לִגְנוֹב פְּעָמִים שֶּׁהוּא בָא לַהֲרוֹג. אָמְרָת שֶׁאִם בָּא לִגְנוֹב וַודַּאי וַהֲרָגוֹ הַהוֹרְגוֹ נֶהֱרַג. פְּעָמִים שֶּׁהוּא בָא לַהֲרוֹג נֶהֱרַג. מִיכָּן אַתְּ דָן לְפִיקּוּחַ נֶפֶשׁ. לוֹמַר. מַה עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מְיוּחֶדֶת שֶׁהִיא מְטַמְּאָה אֶת הָאָרֶץ וּמְחַלֶּלֶת אֶת הַשֵּׁם וּמְסַלֶּקֶת אֶת הַשְּׁכִינָה ודוֹחִין בָּהּ אֶת הַסָּפֵק. כָּל שֶׁכֵּן לְפִיקּוּחַ נֶפֶשׁ שֶׁיִּדְחֶה אֶת הַסָּפֵק.

HALAKHAH: “The intruder by stealth,” etc. Rebbi Ismael stated: This is one of three verses which in the Torah have been formulated as a simile: If he gets up and walks outside on his support. If the thief is found in the digging, if the sun shone on him, he has blood. Does the sun shine only on him? Does the sun not shine on all beings in the world? But just as sunshine is special in that it brings peace to the entire world, so in any case in which you know that you are at peace with him, whether it be day or night his killer will be killed. If sometimes he comes to steal, sometimes he comes to kill, you say that if certainly he comes to steal, his killer will be killed? Since sometimes he comes to kill, he may be killed. From here you argue about danger to life, to say that just as (foreign worship) is special in that it defiles the Land, desecrates the Name, removes the Divine Presence, and doubts are disregarded, so much more that doubts have to be disregarded in cases of danger to life.

כְּתִיב אִם בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת יִמָּצֵא הַגַּנָּב וְהֻכָּה וָמֵת אֵין לוֹ דָּמִים. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה. בַּמַּחְתֶּרֶת אֵין לוֹ דָּמִים חוּץ לַמַּחְתֶּרֶת יֵשׁ לוֹ דָּמִים. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחַי. אֲפִילוּ חוּץ לַמַּחְתֶּרֶת אֵין לוֹ דָּמִים. לְפִי שֶׁמָּמוֹנוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם חָבִיב עָלָיו כְנַפְשׁוֹ. חֲמִי לֵיהּ אֲזִיל בָּעֵי מֵיסַב מָמוֹנֵיהּ מִינֵּיהּ וְקָאִים עֲלוֹי וְקָטְלֵיהּ. רַב הוּנָא אָמַר. נָטַל אֶת הַכִּיס וְהָפַךְ אֶת פָּנָיו לָצֵאת וְהָלַךְ לוֹ וְעָמַד עָלָיו וַהֲרָגוֹ אֵין הַהוֹרְגוֹ נֶהֱרַג. מַה טַעֲמָא דְרַב הוּנָא. כִּי יֵחַם לְבָבוֹ. רַב אָמַר. כָּל דְּיֵיתֵי עֲלַי אֲנָא קְטַל לֵיהּ חוּץ מֵחֲנַנְיָה בֶן שִׁילָא דַּאֲנָא יְדַע דְלָא אֲתִי אֶלָּא מֵיסַב מְגוּסָתֵיהּ מִינַּיי. אֲמַר רִבִּי יִצְחָק. מִכֵּיוָן דְּאַבְרֵי לִיבֵּיהּ עֲלוֹי לְמֵיעֲבֲד לֵיהּ דָּא מִילְּתָא אֵין זֶה חֲנַנְיָה בֶן שִׁילָא.

It is written: If the thief was found in a tunnel, was smitten, and died, there is no blood-guilt. Rebbi Ḥiyya stated: In the tunnel there is no blood-guilt, outside the tunnel there is blood guilt. Rebbi Simeon ben Ioḥai stated: Even outside the tunnel there is no blood-guilt, for a person’s property is beloved by him like his own soul. He sees him, that he comes to take his money away from him, stands up against him and kills him. Rav Huna said, if he took a wallet, turned to leave and went, if then one stood up against him and killed him the killer will not be killed. What is Rav Huna’s reason? For his temper is hot. Rav said, I would kill anybody who would come against me, except Ḥanania ben Shila, of whom I know that he would come only to take his meal from me. Rebbi Isaac said, if he has the temerity to do something like that, he cannot be Ḥanania ben Shila.