Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin 3.5

משנה: הָאוֹמֵר לָאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת לִי לְאַחַר שֶׁאֶתְגַּיֵיר אוֹ לְאַחַר שְׁתִּתְגַּיְירִי לְאַחַר שֶׁאֶשְׁתַּחְרֵר אוֹ לְאַחַר שֶׁתִּשְׁתַּחְרְרִי לְאַחַר שֶׁיָּמוּת בַּעֲלֵיךְ אוֹ לְאַחַר שֶׁתָּמוּת אֲחוֹתֵיךְ לְאַחַר שֶׁיַּחֲלוֹץ לֵיךְ יְבָמֵיךְ אֵינָהּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת. וְכֵן הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵירוֹ אִם יָלְדָה אִשְׁתְּךָ נְקֵיבָה הֲרֵי הִיא מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת לִי לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם.

MISHNAH: If somebody say to a woman: You are preliminarily married to me after I convert, or after you are converted, after I am freed, or after you are freed, after your husband has died, or after your sister has died, or after your levir has given you ḥalîṣah, she is not preliminarily married. Similarly, if somebody say to another, if your wife have a daughter, she shall be preliminarily married to me, he did not say anything.

הלכה: הָאוֹמֵר לָאִשָּׁה הֲרֵי אַתְּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת לִי כול׳. בְּעוֹן קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. מַה בֵּינָהּ לָאוֹמֵר. הֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה עַל הַמְחוּבָּרִין הַלָּלוּ שֶׁיִּתָּלֵישׁוּ. אָמַר לוֹן. תַּמָּן יֵשׁ בְּיָדוֹ לִתְלוֹשׁ בְּרַם הָכָא אֵין בְיָדוֹ לְשַׁחְרֵר. הָתִיב רִבִּי פֶס. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ שֶׁהָיְתָה שִׁפְחָתוֹ. אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא בָּר מָמָל. לִכְשֶׁתִּשְׁתַּחְרֵר נִתְלֵית בְּדַעַת אַחֶרֶת.

HALAKHAH: “If somebody say to a woman,” etc. They asked before Rebbi Joḥanan: What is the difference between this and one who says, “this shall be heave for this standing produce after it has been cut”? He said to them, there, it is in his power to cut; but here, it is not in his power to be freed. Rebbi Ephes asked, think of it, if she was his slave girl? Rebbi Abba bar Mamal said, “after you are freed”, she is made dependent on another person’s will.

דְּלֹמָא. רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה רַבָּא וְרִבִּי יוּדָן נְשִׂיָיא הֲווֹן יְתִיבִין. אָמְרִין. נֵימָא חָדָא מִילָּה בְקִידּוּשִׁין. הָאוֹמֵר לָאִשָּׁה הֵא לֵיךְ פְּרוּטָה זוֹ שֶׁתְּקַדְּשִׁי לִי לִכְשֶׁאֲגָרְשֵׁךְ. מָהוּ. גָחֲכוֹן וְקָמוּן לְהוֹן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. וְלָמָּה גָחֲכוֹן. לֹא אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא בַּר מָמָל. לִכְשֶׁתִּשְׁתַּחְרֵר נִתְלֵית בְּדַעַת אַחֶרֶת. וְהָכָא לִכְשֶׁתִּתְגָּרֵשׁ נִתְלֵית בְּדַעַת אַחֶרֶת. אִין אַתְּ בְּעִי מַקְשָׁיָיא הָכֵן קְשִׁי. חַד בַּר נַשׁ הֲוָה אֲזִיל מְקַדְּשָׁא חָדָא אִיתָא. קְדָמֵיהּ חַבְרֵיהּ וַאֲמַר לָהּ. הֲוֵי יָדְעָה דְּהָהֵן גָּבְרָא דְּהוּא אֲזַל מְקַדֵּשְׁתִּיךְ דַּעְתֵּיהּ בִּישָׁא. עָתִיד הוּא מִישְׁבַּק לִיךְ. אֶלָּא הֵא לִיךְ פְּרוּטָה זוֹ שֶׁתִּתְקַדְּשִׁי לִי בָהּ לִכְשֶׁאֲגָרְשָׁךְ. מָהוּ.

The elder Rebbi Hoshaia and Rebbi Jehudah Neśia were sitting together. They said, let us say something on the subject of preliminary marriage. If somebody say to his wife, here you have a peruṭaḣ that you should be preliminarily married to me after I have divorced you, what is the rule? They laughed and got up. Rebbi Yose said, why did they laugh? Did not Rebbi Abba bar Mamal say, “after you are freed”, she is made dependent on another person’s will; and here “after you are divorced,” she is made dependent on another’s will. If you want to find a difficulty. ask the following: A person went to preliminarily marry a woman. Another person overtook him and said to her, you should know that the man who is coming to preliminarily marry you has a bad mind. In the future he will abandon you. But here you have this peruṭah that you should be preliminarily married to me after he will have divorced you. What is the rule?

תַּמָּן תַּנִינָן. הֲרֵי הַנְּטִיעוֹת הָאֵילּוּ קָרְבָּן אִם אֵינָן נִקְצָצוֹת. טַלִּית זוֹ קָרְבָּן אִם אֵינָהּ נִשְׂרֶפֶת. וְנִשְׂרְפָה. לְמַפְרֵיעָן קָדְשׁוּ. מָעַל. אִין תֵּימַר. מִיכָּן וְלָבֹא. לֹא מָעַל.

There, it was stated: “These orchard trees shall be qorbān if they are not cut, this garment shall be qorbān if it is not burned.” And it was burned. Were they sanctified retroactively? He committed larceny. If you say that it refers to the future, he did not commit larceny.

חִזְקִיָּה אָמַר. פְּדָיָין חָזְרוּ לִקְדוּשָׁתָן. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. פְּדָיָין פְּדוּיִין. מַתְנִיתָא פְלִיגָא עַל רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אֵין לָהֶן פִּדְיוֹן. פָּתַר לָהּ. לִכְשֶׁקָּצֵצוּ אֵין לָהֶן פִּדְיוֹן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. מָאן דְאָמַר חִזְקִיָּה בְּשֶׁפְּדָיָין הוּא. אֲבָל אִם פְּדָיָין אַחֵר פָּקְעָה מֵהֶן קְדוּשָׁתָן. מִחְלְפָא שִׁיטָּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי. תַּמָּן הוּא אוֹמֵר. פְּדָיָין אַחֵר פָּקְעָה מֵהֶן קְדוּשָׁתָן. וְהָכָא הוּא אָמַר. נִישֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר לֹא פָקְעוּ מִמֶּנּוּ קִידּוּשִׁין. לֹא צְרִיכָא דְלֹא כְּשֶׁנָּתַן לָהּ שְׁתֵּי פְרוּטוֹת. אֶחָד מִכְּבָר וְאֶחָד לִכְשֶׁיְּגָרְשֶׁהָ מָהוּ.

Ḥizqiah said, if he redeemed them they revert to their sanctity. Rebbi Joḥanan said, if he redeemed them they are redeemed. The Mishnah disagrees with Rebbi Joḥanan: “These have no redemption.” He explains thus: After they were cut they do not need redemption. Rebbi Yose said, what Ḥizqiah said refers to the case that he himself redeemed them. But if another person redeemed them, the sanctity is removed from them. The argument of Rebbi Yose is switched: There, he says that if [another] redeemed them, the sanctity is removed from them, but here, he says that if she was married to another man the qiddušin [of the first] were not removed! All that is questionable for him is if he gave her two peruṭot, one for the moment and one for after he divorced her; what is the situation?

אָמַר רִבִּי יַנַּאי. נִימְנוּ שְׁלֹשִׁים וְכַמָּה זְקֵינִים. מְנַיִין שֶׁאֵין קִידּוּשִׁין תּוֹפְשִׂין בִּיבָמָה. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר לֹא תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה לְאִישׁ זָר. שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בָּהּ הֲוָיָיה לְזָר. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. וְלָאו מַתְנִיתָה הִיא. אוֹ לְאַחַר שֶׁיַּחֲלוֹץ לֵיךְ יְבָמֵיךְ. אֵינֶהּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת. וַהֲוָה רִבִּי יַנַּאי מְקַלֶּס לֵיהּ. הַזָּלִים זָהָב מִכִּיס. בְּנִי אַל יָלִיזוּ מֵעֵינֶיךָ. חֲכַם בְּנִי וְשַׂמַּח לִבִּי וְאָשִׁיבָה חוֹרְפִי דָבָר. תֵּן לְחָכָם וְיֶחְכַּם עוֹד. יִשְׁמַע חָכָם וְיוֹסֵף לֶקַח וגו׳. אָמַר לֵיהּ רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ בָּתַר כָּל אִילֵּין קִילּוּסַיָיא יְכִיל הוּא פָּתַר לֵיהּ כְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה. דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר. יֵשׁ מַמְזֵר בִּיבָמָה.

Rebbi Yannai said: More than 30 Elders voted: from where that qiddushin have no legal effect on a sister-in-law? The verse says, “the wife of the deceased may not belong to any outside unrelated man”, that she cannot have any existence with an outsider. Rebbi Joḥanan said to him, is that not a Mishnah? “Or after your levir will have performed ḥalîṣah with you, she is not preliminarily married.” And Rebbi Yannai praised him “those who pour out gold from the wallet,” “my son, they should not be removed from your eyes,” “get wise, my son, and make me happy, that I can answer those who insult me”, “give to the wise that he shall become wiser,” “let the wise listen that he increase in knowledge.” Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, after all these praises I can explain it following Rebbi Aqiba since Rebbi Aqiba said that there exists a bastard from a sister-in-law!

שְׁמוּאֵל אוֹמֵר. בַּעֲניּוּתֵינוּ צְרִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ גֵּט. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן. מַתְנִיתָא לְאַחַר שֶׁיַּחֲלוֹץ לֵיךְ יְבָמֵיךְ. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר. לְאַחַר שֶׁיָּמוּת יְבָמֵיךְ. הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה. בַּת יוֹמָהּ מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת בַּכֶּסֶף. בַּת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת בְּבִיאָה. אָמַר רִבִּי מָנָא. מַתְנִיתָא אָמְרָה כֵן. וְכֵן הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵירוֹ אִם יָלְדָה אִשְׁתְּךָ נְקֵיבָה הֲרֵי הִיא מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת לִי. לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינָהּ בְּעוֹלָם. הָא אִם הָיְתָה בְעוֹלָם הֲרֵי זוֹ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת.

Samuel said, in our poverty, she needs a bill of divorce from him. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, the Mishnah [said], “after your levir has given you ḥalîṣah”; but if he said, “after your levir has died,” she is preliminarily married. Rebbi Ḥiyya stated: A one-day-old girl can be preliminarily married by money; a girl of three years and one day can be preliminarily married by intercourse.” Rebbi Mana said, the Mishnah implies this: “Similarly, if somebody say to another, if your wife have a daughter, she shall be preliminarily married to me, he did not say anything,” because she does not exist. Therefore, if she does exist, she is preliminarily married.