Jerusalem Talmud Peah 7.3

משנה: אֵי זֶהוּ פֶרֶט הַנּוֹשֵׁר בִּשְׁעַת הַבְּצִירָה. הָיָה בוֹצֵר עָקַר אֶת הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל הִיסְבַּךְ בֶּעָלִים וְנָפַל בָּאָרֶץ וְנִפְרַט הֲרֵי זֶה שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת. הַמֵּנִיחַ כַּלְכָּלָה תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא בוֹצֵר הֲרֵי זֶה גוֹזֵל אֶת הָעֲנִיִים. עַל זֶה נֶאֱמַר אַל תַּסֵּג גְּבוּל עוֹלָם. וְאֵי זוּ הִיא עוֹלֶלֶת כָּל שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לֹא כָתֵף וְלֹא נָטֵף אִם יֵֵשׁ לָהּ כָתֵף וְנָטֵף שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת. אִם סָפֵק לָעֲנִיִים. עוֹלֶלֶת שֶׁבְּאַרְכּוּבָה אִם נִקְרַעַת עִם הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת וְאִם לָאו הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁל עֲנִיִים. גַּרְגִּר יְחִידִי רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר אֶשְׁכּוֹל. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים עוֹלֶלֶת.

MISHNAH: What are dropped berries? Anything that drops during vintage. If he was gathering grapes, cut off the bunch, it got mixed up in the leaves, fell to the ground and scattered, that belongs to the proprietor. He who puts a basket under the vine while he is gathering grapes robs the poor, and about him it was said (Prov. 22:28, 23:10): “Do not displace an eternal boundary.” What is a gleaning of grapes? Anything that has no shoulder and no dropping. If it has either shoulder or dropping it belongs to the proprietor, in case of doubt it belongs to the poor. A gleaning on a cut branch, if it can be cut off together with a bunch it belongs to the proprietor, otherwise to the poor. An isolated berry, Rebbi Jehudah says, it is considered a bunch, but the sages say, a gleaning.

הלכה: הָדָא אָמְרָה פֶּרֶט בִּנְשִׁירָתוֹ קָדֵשׁ. לֵית הָדָא פְּשִׁיטָא שִׁאִילְתֵּיהּ דְּחִלְפַי [דְּחִלְפַי] שְׁאַל לֶקֶט בִּנְשִׁירָתוֹ מַהוּ שֶׁיְּקַדֵּשׁ. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר אֶבוּדוּמָא שַׁנְיָיא הִיא שֶׁהִיא גָרַם לוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יֵרֵד לָאָרֶץ.

HALAKHAH: This means that dropped berries become sanctified in the act of falling down. Does this not simply answer Hilfai’s question, since Hilfai asked: Do gleanings become sanctified in the act of falling down? Rebbi Samuel ben Eudaimon said: There is a difference, because he prevented them from reaching the ground.

אֵי זוּ הִיא עוֹלֵלוֹת כָּל שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לֹא כָתֵף וְלֹא נָטֵף יֵשׁ לָהּ כָתֵף אֲבָל לֹא נָטֵף נָטֵף אֲבָל לֹא כָתֵף לְבַעַל הַבַּיִת. וְאִם סָפֵק לָעֲנִיִים. אֵי זוּ הִיא כָתֵף פְּסִיגִין זוּ עַל גַּבֵּי זוּ. אֵי זוּ הִיא נָטֵף תְּלוּיוֹת בְּשִׁיזְרָה וְיוֹרְדוֹת.

(Tosephta Peah 3:11): “What are gleanings? Anything that has no shoulder and no dropping. If it has shoulder but no dropping, dropping but no shoulder, it belongs to the proprietor, if it is doubtful it belongs to the poor. What is a shoulder? Spread out one on top of the other. What is a dropping? They hand downward on the spine.”

רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוּדָה וְהֵן שֶׁיְּהוּ כוּלָּן נוֹגְעוֹת בְּפַס יָדוֹ. לֹא כֵן אָמַר רִבִּי חִיָיא מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁשָּׁקְלוּ עוֹלֵלוֹת שֶׁבַע לִיטְרִיּוֹת בְּצִיפּוֹרִי. אָמַר רִבִּי חִינְנָה שֶׁאִם נְתָנָהּ עַל גַּבֵּי טַבֻּלָה וְהֵן שֶׁיְּהוּ כוּלָּן נוֹגְעוֹת בְּטַבֻּלָה.

Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Jehudah: Only if they all touch the palm of his hand. But did not Rebbi Ḥiyya say, it happened that they weighed a gleaning in Sepphoris and it was seven pounds? Rebbi Ḥinena said, if they put it on a board, every grape must touch the board.

בֶּן לֵוִי שֶׁנִּתְמַנֶּה לוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר טֵבֵל וּמָצָא בְתוֹכוֹ עוֹלֵלוֹת הֲרֵי זֶה עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר. וְעוֹלֵלוֹת לָאו שֶׁל עָנִי הוּא. רִבִּי אָבִין בְּשֵׁם רַבָּנִין דְּתַמָּן אֲנִי אוֹמֵר עִם הַנִּקְרָצוֹת עִם הָאֶשְכּוֹלוֹת.

A Levite who received unprepared tithes and found in them gleanings may use them for the heave of the tithes even on other places. But do not gleanings belong to the poor? Rebbi Avin in the name of the rabbis from there: I say that they are gleanings cut with the bunches.

אָמַר רִבִּי סִימוֹן טַעֲמָא דְּרִבִּי יְהוּדָה וְנִשְׁאָר בּוֹ עוֹלֵלוֹת כְּנוֹקֵף זַיִת שְׁנַיִם שְׁלֹשָׁה גַרְגְּרִים. יוֹתֵר מִיכֵּן אֶשְׁכּוֹל.

Rebbi Simon said, the reason of Rebbi Jehudah (Is. 17:6): “There will remain in it gleanings as when one plucks olives, two or three kernels.” More than that is a grape.

דֵּלֹמָא רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ וְרִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן חֲנִינָא וְרִבִי שִמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ עָבְרוּ עַל כֶּרֶם דּוֹרוֹן אַפִּיק לוֹן אָרִיסָא חָדָא פֶּרְסִיקָא אָכְלוּן אִינּוּן וְחַמְרֵיהוּן וְאַיַיתְּרוּן. וְשַׁעֲרוּנָהּ כְּהָדִין לָפִּיסָא דִכְפַר חֲנַנְיַה מַחֲזִיק סְאָה שֶׁל עֲדָשִׁים. בָּתַר יוֹמִין עָבְרוּן תַּמָּן אַפִּיק לוֹן תְּרֵי תְּלָת לְגַוְא יָדֵיהּ. אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ מִן הַהוּא אִילָנָא אֲנָן בְּעֵיי אֵמַר לוֹן מִינֵיהּ אִינּוּן. וְקָרוּן עֲלוֹי אֶרֶץ פְּרִי לִמְלֵחָה מֵרָעַת יוֹשְׁבֵי בָהּ.

Clarification. Rebbi Abbahu, Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina, and Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish passed by the orchard of Doron. The sharecropper brought them one peach; they and their donkeys ate from it and left some over. They estimated it to be like a dish from Kefar Ḥananiah that contains a seah of lentils. After a time they passed by there, he brought them two or three peaches in one hand. They said to him, we would like some from that tree. He said to them, they are from it. On that, they quoted (Ps. 107:34): “A fruit-bearing land into salt flats, because of the evil of its inhabitants.”

אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנִינָא כַּד סְלָקִת לְהָכָא נְסִיבִית אֵיזוֹרִי וְאֵיזוֹרֵיהּ דִּבְרִי וְאֵיזוֹרֵיהּ דְּחַמְרִי מִקְפָּא בִּירְתָא דְּחָרוּבְתֵּיהּ דְּאַרְעָא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָא מָטוּן. קְצִת חַד חָרוּב וּנְגַד מְלֹא יָדוֹי דְּבַשׁ.

Rebbi Ḥanina said, when I immigrated here, I took my belt, my son’s belt, and the belt of my donkey to measure around a young carob tree of the Land of Israel and it was not enough. I cut one carob pod and it filled my hand with honey.

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן יָפֶה סִיפְסוּף שֶׁאָכַלְנוּ בְיַלְדּוּתֵינוּ מִפֶּרְסִקִין שֶׁאָכַלְנוּ בְּזִקְנוֹתֵינוּ דִּבְיוֹמוֹי אִישְׁתַּנֵּי עָלְמָא.

Rebbi Joḥanan said, the second quality fruit we ate in our youth tasted better that the peaches we ate in our old age, because during his lifetime the world changed.

אָמַר רִבִּי חִיָיא בַּר בָּא סְאָה אַרְבֵּלִית הָיְתָה מוֹצִיאָה סְאָה סוֹלֶת סְאָה קֶמַח סְאָה קֵיבָר סְאָה סוּבִּין סְאָה מוּרְסָן סְאָה גְנִינִין. וּכְדּוֹן אֲפִילוּ חָדָא בְחָדָא לָא קַיְימָא.

Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said, one seah of Arbel grain did yield one seah of fine flour, one seah of white flour, one seah of dark flour, one seah of bran, one seah of coarse bran, and one seah of wheat germ. But today, we do not even get one for one.

רִבִּי חוּנָא בְשֵׁם רַב אָבִין קִנָּמוֹן מַאֲכָל עִזִּים הָיָה הָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מְגַדְּלִין אוֹתוֹ. רִבִּי חוּנָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אָבִין שְׁנֵי תְמִידִין שֶׁהָיוּ מַקְרִיבִין בְּכָל יוֹם הָיוּ מַרְכִּיבִין אוֹתָן עַל גַּבֵּי גָּמָל וְרַגְלֵיהֶן נוֹגְעוֹת בָּאָרֶץ. רִבִּי חוּנָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי אִידִי מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאֶחָד שֶׁקָּשַׁר עֵז לִתְאֵינָה וּבָא וּמָצָא דְבַשׁ וְחָלָב מְעוּרָבִין.

Rebbi Ḥuna in the name of Rebbi Avin: Cinnamon was goat feed when the Jews were growing it. Rebbi Ḥuna in the name of Rebbi Abin: The two daily offerings which were sacrificed every day used to be carried by a camel and their legs touched the ground. Rebbi Ḥuna in the name of Rebbi Idi: It happened that someone tied his goat to a fig tree; when he returned, he found honey and milk mixed.

רִבִּי אָמַר לְרַב פְּרִירִי [לֵית] אַתְּ חֲמֵי לִי הַהִיא סְגוּלָה דְגַו כַּרְמָךְ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִין נְפַק בְּעִי מְחִימַיָיא לֵיהּ עַד דְּהוּא רָחִיק צָּפָה בֵּיהּ כְּמִין תּוֹר אֲמַר לֵיהּ לֵית הַדֵּין תּוּרָא מְחַבֵּל כַּרְמָא אֲמַר לֵיהּ הַדֵּין תּוּרָא דְּאַתְּ סְבַר הוּא סְגוּלָה. וּקְרָא עֲלוֹי עַד שֶׁהַמֶּלֶךְ בִּמְסִיבּוֹ נִרְדִּי נָתַן רֵיחוֹ. בֵּית מוּקְדְּשָׁא חָרִיב וְאַתְּ קָאִית בְּקַשְׁיוּתָךְ. מִיַּד אִיתְבְּעוּן וְלָא אַשְׁכָּח.

Rebbi said to Rav Periri: Would you show me the bunch of grapes in your vineyard? He said to him, if you come out, I will show it. When he was still far away, he spied something like an ox. He said to him, does not the ox destroy the vineyard? He said to him, what you take for an ox is the bunch of grapes. He quoted for it (Cant. 1:12): “As long as the King was at his round table, my nard gave its fragrance79;” the Temple is destroyed and you persist in your obstinacy? Immediately, they looked for it and it was never found again.

אַיְיתוּן קוֹמוֹי תְּרֵין פּוּגְלִין מִבֵּין רֵישׁ שַׁתָּא לְצוֹמָא רַבָּא וַהֲוָה אֲפוּקֵי שִׁמִיטְתָא וַהֲוָה בְּהוֹן טְעוּנֵיהּ דְּגַמְלָא אֲמַר לוֹן וְלֵית אֲסִיר וְלָאו סְפִחִין אִינּוּן. אֲמַר לֵיהּ בְּפוּקֵי רֵישׁ שַׁתָּא אִיזְדַּרְעוּן. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה הִתִּיר רִבִּי לִיקַח יֶרֶק בְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית מִיַּד.

They brought before him two radishes from between New Year’s Day and the Great Fast. It was the year after a Sabbatical, and they were a full camel’s load. He said to them, are they not forbidden as aftergrowth? He said to him, they were sown at the end of New Year’s Day. At that moment did Rebbi permit to buy vegetables immediately after the end of the Sabbatical year.

בְּעוּן קוֹמוֹי מַהוּ הָדֵין דִּכְתִיב עָכְשׁוּ פְּרוּדוֹת תַּחַת מֶגְרְפוֹתֵיהֶם. אָמַר לוֹן תַּחַת שֶׁהָיִינוּ גוֹרְפִין דְּבַשׁ הֲרֵי אָנוּ גוֹרְפִין רַקְבּוּבִית. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ שׁוּרָה שֶׁל תְּאֵינִים וּבָא וּמָצָא גֶדֶֶר שֶׁל דְּבַשׁ מַקִּיפָן.

They asked before him, what is that which is written (Joel 1:17): “Dried figs became mouldy under their shovels.” He said to them, we were raking honey, now we are raking rotten things instead. It happened that somebody had a row of fig trees; when he came, he found them surrounded by a fence of honey.

חַד בַּר נַשׁ הֲוָה זְרַע חַקְלָא לֶפֶת וַהֲוָה מְקַטֵּעַ וּמַזְבִּין. מַעֲשֶׂה בְשׁוּעָל שֶׁבָּא וְקִינֵּן בְּרֹאשָׁהּ שֶׁל לֶפֶת. מַעֲשֶׂה בְשִׁיחִין בְּקֶלַח אֶחָד שֶׁל חַרְדָּל שֶׁהָיוֹ בוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה בַדִּין וְנִפְשַׁח אֶחָד מֵהֶן וְסִיכְּכוּ סוּכַּת הַיּוֹצְרִין וּמָצְאוּ בוֹ שְׁלֹשֶׁת קַבִּין שֶׁל חַרְדָּל. אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן חֲלַפְתָּא קֶלַח אֶחָד שֶׁל חַרְדָּל הָיָה לִי בְּתוֹךְ שֶׁלִּי וְהָיִיתִי עוֹלֶה בוֹ כְּעוֹלֵה בְרֹאשׁ הַתְּאֵנָה.

One person sowed turnips on his field; he used to cut them off and sell them. It happened that a fox made his nest in a turnip’s head. It happened in Shihin that one stalk of mustard plant had three leaves; one leaf was split off to cover a potter’s hut and they found on it three qab of mustard seed. Rebbi Simeon ben Ḥalaphta said, I had a stem of mustard plant on my property and I climbed on it the way one climbs a fig tree.

מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁזָּרַע סְאָה שֶׁל אֲפוּנִים וְעָשָׂת שְׁלֹשׁ מְאוֹת סְאִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ הִתְחִיל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְבָרְכָךְ. אָמַר לוֹן אָזְלוּן לְכוֹן דִּי יִנְחָת טַלָּא בִישָׁא עֲלֵיהּ דִּי לָא כֵן בִּכְפֵלָא הֲוָות מַעֲבִיד.

It happened that someone sowed a seah of peas and it produced 300 seah. They said to him, the Holy One, praise to Him, has started to bless you. He answered, get away from here, if bad dew had not descended on it, it would have produced twice as much.

אָמַר רִבִּי שִמְעוֹן בֶּן חַלְפוּתָא הֲוָה מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁאָמַר רִבִּי יְהוּדָה לִבְנוֹ בְּסִיכְנִין עֲלֵה וַהֲבֵא לָנוּ גְרוֹגְרוֹת מִן הֶחָבִית עָלָה וְהוֹשִׁיט יָדוֹ וּמְצָאָהּ שֶׁל דְּבַשׁ אָמַר לוֹ אַבָּא שֶׁל דְּבַשׁ הִיא. אָמַר לוֹ הַשְׁקַע יָדֶיךָ וְאַתְּ מַעֲלֶה גְרוֹגְרוֹת. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁאָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי לִבְנוֹ בְצִיפּוֹרִין עֲלֵה וַהֲבֵא לָנוּ גְרוֹגְרוֹת מִן הָעֲלִיָּה. עָלָה וּמָצָא אֶת הָעֲלִיָּיה צָף עֲלִיָּה דְּבַשׁ. רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה הֲוָה מַזְבֵּן דְּבַשׁ דִּדְבוֹרִיין וַהֲוָה לֵיהּ דְּבַש דְּצַלְיִין בָּתַר יוֹמִין עָבְרוּן תַּמָּן אֲמַר לוֹן בְּגִין לַא מִטְעַיָּא לְכוֹן הֲווֹן יָדְעִין הַהוּא דוּבְשָׁא דִּיהָבִית לְכוֹן דְּצַלְיִין יִינוּן. אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ מִינֵיהּ אֲנָן בְּעִי דּוּ טָב לַעֲיבִידְתִּין וָאַפְרִישׁ טִימִיתֵיהּ וּבְנָא בֵיהּ בֵּי מִדְרְשָׁא דְּצִיפּוֹרִין.

Rebbi Simeon ben Ḥalaphta said, it happened that Rebbi Jehudah said to his son in Sikhnin: Go and bring us dried figs from the barrel. He went and put his hand into the barrel, found it full of honey and said: Father, it is a barrel of honey. He said to him, put your hands deep into it and you will bring up the dried figs. It happened that Rebbi Yose said to his son in Sepphoris: Go and bring us dried figs from the upper floor. He went and found that honey was floating on the upper floor. Rebbi Ḥananiah was a dealer in bee’s honey; he also had honey obtained by roasting. After a time they passed by him. He said to them, in order not to trick you, you should know that the honey that I gave you was from roasting. They said, from that one we want more because it is good for our purposes. He set aside its value and built with it the House of Study of Sepphoris.

רִבִּי לָעְזָר בֵּי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אֲזַל לְחַד אֲתָר. אַיְיתוּן קוֹמוֹי כְּרוּב מְצַמֵּק. אֲמַר לוֹן סַגִּין דְּבַשׁ יְהַבְתּוּן בֵּיהּ. אָמְרִין לֵיהּ לָא יְהָבִינוּן בֵּיהּ מִינֵיהּ וּבֵיהּ הוּא.

Rebbi Eleazar ben Rebbi Simeon went to a place where they brought him shrunk cabbage. He said to them, you put a lot of honey into it. They said to him, we did not put anything in, it is in its natural state.