Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin 4.2

משנה: וְאֵי זֶהוּ שְׁתוּקֵי. כָּל שֶׁהוּא מַכִּיר אֶת אִמּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מַכִּיר אֶת אָבִיו. וַאֲסוּפֵי כָּל שֶׁנֶּאֱסַף מִן הַשּׁוּק וְאֵינוֹ מַכִּיר לֹא אֶת אָביו וְלֹא אֶת אִמּוֹ. אַבָּא שָָׁאוּל הָיָה קוֹרֵא לִשְׁתוּקֵי בְּדוּקֵי.

MISHNAH: What is a silenced one? Anyone who knows his mother but not his father. But a foundling is one collected from the public domain who knows neither his father nor his mother. Abba Shaul called the silenced one “investigated one”.

הלכה: וְאֵי זֶהוּ שְׁתוּקֵי כול׳. מָהוּ בְּדוּקִי. בְּדוֹק אַחֲרָיו.

HALAKHAH: “What is a silenced one,” etc. What means “investigated one”? Investigate him!

אַחֲוֵי דְּרִבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר זַבְדִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי. תִּינּוֹק כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא מוּשְׁלָךְ בַּשּׁוּק אוֹ אָבִיו אוֹ אִמּוֹ מֵעִידִין עָלָיו. נֶאֱסַף מִן הַשּׁוּק צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים. אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ כִּשְׁנֵי עֵדִים הֵן. רַבָּנִין דְּקַיְסָרִין בְּשֵׁם רַב חִסְדָּא. הָדָא דְאַתְּ אָמַר בְּתִינּוֹק שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַרְגִּיעַ. אֲבָל בְּתִינּוֹק שֶׁהוּא מַרְגִּיעַ צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים. וְאָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ כִּשְׁתֵּי עֵדִים הֵן. וְאַתְיָיא כְּהַהִיא דְּאָמַר רִבִּי יַנַּאי. עֲגָלִים וְסַיָיחִין הַמְקַפְּצִין אֵין לָהֶן חֲזָקָה.

The brother of Rebbi Jehudah bar Zavdi in the name of [Rav]: As long as a baby lies in the public domain, either his father or his mother can testify about him. Once he was collected from the public domain, one needs two witnesses; its father and mother are like two witnesses. The rabbis of Caesarea in the name of Rav Ḥisda: That is, if the baby is not moving. But a baby which is moving needs two witnesses; its father and mother are like two witnesses. This parallels what Rebbi Yannai said: property rights on jumping calves and lambs cannot be proven by possession.

רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רַב חִסְדָּא. שְׁלֹשָׁה הֵן שֶׁהֵן נֶאֱמָנִין עַל אָתָר. חַיָּה וּשְׁיָירָה וְהַמְטָהֶרֶת חֲבֵרוֹתֶיהָ. חַיָּה. וַתִּקַּח הַמְיַילֶּדֶת וִתִּקְשֹׁר עַל שָׁנִי לֵאמֹר זֶה יָצָא רִאשׁוֹנָה. וּשְׁיָירָה. כְּהַהִיא דְאָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּא אַחֲוֵי דִיהוּדָה בַּר זַבְדִּי בְשֵׁם רַב. תִּינּוֹק כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא מוּשְׁלָךְ לַשּׁוּק אוֹ אָבִיו אוֹ אִמּוֹ מֵעִידִין עָלָיו. נֶאֱסַף מִן הַשּׁוּק צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים. אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ כִּשְׁנֵי עֵדִים הֵן. וְהַמְטָהֶרֶת חֲבֵרוֹתֶיהָ. כְּהַהִיא דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. שָׁלֹשׁ נָשִים יְשֵׁינוֹת בְּמִיטָּה אַחַת. נִמְצָא דָם תַּחַת אַחַת מֵהֶן כּוּלָּן טְמֵיאוֹת. בָּדְקָה אַחַת מֵהֶן וְנִמְצֵאת טְמֵיאָה הִיא טְמֵיאָה וּשְׁתַּיִם טְהוֹרוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא. וּבִלְבַד מֵעֵת לָעֵת.

Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Ḥisda: Three are trustworthy immediately: a midwife, a caravan, and the one who purifies her colleagues. A midwife: “The midwife took and wound a red string [around his hand] to indicate that this one was born first.” A caravan, as Rebbi Abba, the brother of Rebbi Jehudah bar Zavdi said in the name of Rav: As long as a baby lies in the public domain, either its father or its mother can testify about him. Once it was collected from the public domain, one needs two witnesses; its father and mother are like two witnesses. The one who purifies her colleagues, as we have stated there: “Three women sleep on one bed. If blood was found under one of them, all three are impure. If one of them checked herself out and found herself impure, she is impure and the other two are pure.” Rebbi Abba said, only within 24 hours.