Rabbinic JudaismSifrei Devarim 221HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
Sifrei on DeuteronomySifrei Devarim 221

Sifrei on Deuteronomy

Sifrei Devarim 221

1
English · Shraga Silverstein

(Devarim 21:22) "And if there be in a man a sin whose judgment is death, then he shall be put to death, and you shall hang him on a tree.": A man is hanged (i.e., suspended after death) and not a woman. R. Eliezer says: A woman, too, is hanged.

2
English · Shraga Silverstein

R. Eliezer said to them: Didn't Shimon b. Shetach hang women in Ashkelon? They answered; He hanged eighty women and (even though) two are not to be judged on one day, but "the times required it." (Here, too, [vis-à-vis hanging] the times required it.) [A man is stoned naked, but a woman is not stoned naked. R. Yehudah says: Both a man and a woman (are stoned naked.) But a man is hanged with his face towards the people and his back towards the tree; and a woman, with her face towards the tree and her back towards the people. A man is covered one section (his genitals) in front, and a woman, two sections — one in front and one behind, because she is all ervah (illicit nakedness).]

3
English · Shraga Silverstein

"and you shall hang him": I might think that all who are stoned are hanged (i.e., suspended thereafter); it is, therefore, written (Ibid. 21:23) "for (the penalty for) the cursing of G-d is hanging" (after stoning). After Scripture included (all capital offenses) and then excluded (i.e., limited it to the cursing of G-d [megadef]), we derive it (the exclusion) from megadef, viz.: Just as megadef is distinct in that it constitutes rebellion against G-d, and it is subject to hanging, so, all who rebel against G-d are hanged. R. Eliezer says: Just as megadef is distinct in that he is stoned, so, all who are stoned are hanged (afterwards). I might think that he is to be hanged while alive; it is, therefore, written "then he shall be put to death" (and, only afterwards, "and you shall hang him.").

4
English · Shraga Silverstein

"and you shall hang him": "him," without his garments (i.e., naked). "him," and not scheming witnesses against him (viz. Devarim 19:19). "him": We are hereby taught that two are not judged (for such an offense) on one day.

5
English · Shraga Silverstein

"and you shall hang him on eitz" [("eitz" can mean either wood or tree)]: "eitz" that is not rooted (i.e., wood), and not "eitz" that is rooted (i.e., a tree). — But perhaps it means "eitz" that is rooted! — It is, therefore, (to negate this) written (Ibid. 23) "but you shall bury it" — what lacks only burial, to exclude that (a rooted eitz), which lacks cutting and burial.

6
English · Shraga Silverstein

Whence is it derived that if one allows his dead one (i.e., one that he must bury) to remain overnight, he transgresses a negative commandment? From (Ibid.) "You shall not leave his body overnight on eitz." If he left it overnight for his honor, i.e., to bring a casket or shrouds, I might think he transgresses; it is, therefore, written "on the eitz" — Just as the eitz is demeaning to him, so, all that is demeaning to him (is forbidden, to exclude the above).

7
English · Shraga Silverstein

"You shall not leave his body overnight on the eitz" — a negative commandment. "but bury shall you bury it" — a positive commandment. What is to be done? We wait until it gets dark; then he is suspended from the eitz and then he is taken down. If not, he is in transgression of "You shall not leave his body overnight on the eitz."

8
English · Shraga Silverstein

"for the cursing of G-d is suspended": That is, why is he being suspended? Because he cursed the L-rd and desecrated the Name.

9
English · Shraga Silverstein

A man is stoned naked, but a woman is not stoned naked. R. Yehudah says: Both a man and a woman (are stoned naked.) But a man is hanged with his face towards the people and his back towards the tree; and a woman, with her face towards the tree and her back towards the people. A man is covered one section (his genitals) in front, and a woman, two sections — one in front and one behind, because she is all ervah (illicit nakedness).

10
English · Shraga Silverstein

"and you shall not make unclean your earth, which the L-rd your G-d gives you as an inheritance": Beth-din is being exhorted hereby.

1
Sifrei Devarim 221English
2
Sifrei Devarim 2210%

Sifrei on Deuteronomy

Find your chapter.

357 chapters

Make yourself comfortable.

PAGE COLOUR

TEXT SIZE

100%

Your preferences stay with you on this device.

ORIGINALS & TRANSLATIONS

Choose your edition.

Select one edition for quiet reading, or several to compare the words.

Public-domain Hebrew editions, digitized by Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

Mechilta, Sifra and Sifrei, translated by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein. CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

English translation: Sifrei Devarim, translated by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

↑
Explore the atlas
↑ ↓ to explore   ·   Enter to open   ·   Esc to close