Rabbinic JudaismSifrei Devarim 112HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
Sifrei on DeuteronomySifrei Devarim 112

Sifrei on Deuteronomy

Sifrei Devarim 112

1
English · Shraga Silverstein

(Devarim 15:2) "And this is the word of the shemitah": From here it was ruled: If a debtor returns his debt in the seventh year, the creditor must tell him: "I release it."

2
English · Shraga Silverstein

"And this is the word of the shemitah": From here it was ruled: Shemitah releases a loan, but the Jubilee year (Yovel) does not release a loan.

3
English · Shraga Silverstein

For it would follow: If shemitah, which does not release servants, releases a loan, then Yovel, which releases servants, how much more so should it release a loan! It is, therefore, written "And this is the word of the shemitah" — shemitah releases a loan, but Yovel does not release a loan.

4
English · Shraga Silverstein

A kal vachomer (a fortiori argument) that shemitah should release servants, viz.: If Yovel, which does not release a loan, releases servants, then shemitah, which releases a loan, how much more so should it release servants! It is, therefore, written (Vayikra 25:13) "In this year of Yovel, each of you shall return to his holding: "This" (i.e., Yovel) releases servants, but shemitah does not release servants. Shemitah releases (loans), but Yovel does not release (loans).

5
English · Shraga Silverstein

"release": I might think he also (releases) what was stolen from him or what he deposited with someone; it is, therefore, written "his claim" (and not the others).

6
English · Shraga Silverstein

And whence is it derived (that also released are) the wages owing a hired man and the credit given by a merchant? From ("his claim) that he has against his neighbor."

7
English · Shraga Silverstein

If in the end all are included, why is it written "his claim"? Just as "his claim" connotes his loan, so all that are construed as a loan (are released).

8
English · Shraga Silverstein

"He shall not exact it": This makes him subject to transgression of a negative commandment (if he does exact it).

9
English · Shraga Silverstein

"his neighbor": to exclude others (i.e., gentiles).

10
English · Shraga Silverstein

"and his brother": to exclude a sojourning stranger (ger toshav).

11
English · Shraga Silverstein

"because it has been declared shemitah to the L-rd": (The institution of money-release obtains) both in Eretz Yisrael and outside it.

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Sifrei Devarim 112English
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Public-domain Hebrew editions, digitized by Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

Mechilta, Sifra and Sifrei, translated by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein. CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

English translation: Sifrei Devarim, translated by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

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