Mishnah Tahorot 1

שלשה עשר דבר בנבלת העוף הטהור. צריכה מחשבה ואינה צריכה הכשר ומטמא טומאת אוכלין בכביצה וכזית בבית הבליעה והאוכלה טעון הערב שמש. וחייבים עליה על ביאת המקדש. ושורפין עליה את התרומה. והאוכל אבר מן החי ממנה סופג את הארבעים. שחיטתה ומליקתה מטהרת את טרפתה דברי ר' מאיר. ר' יהודה אומר אינן מטהרות. ר' יוסי אומר שחיטתה מטהרת אבל לא מליקתה:

Thirteen rulings govern the carrion of a clean bird:There must be intention; It need not be rendered susceptible; It conveys food uncleanness if its minimum bulk is that of an egg; And it conveys uncleanness when in one's gullet if its minimum bulk is that of an olive; He that eats of it must wait until sunset [to be clean]; Guilt is incurred on account of it for entering the sanctuary; Terumah is burned on account of it; He who eats a limb of it while it is alive suffers forty lashes; Slaughtering it or nipping [off its neck] cleanses it even if it is terefah, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: they do not cleanse it. Rabbi Yose says: the slaughtering does cleanse it but nipping does not.

הכנפים והנוצה מיטמאות ומטמאות ולא מצטרפות. רבי ישמעאל אומר הנוצה מצטרפות. החרטום והצפרנים מיטמאין ומטמאין ומצטרפים. ר' יוסי אומר אף ראשי אגפים וראש הזנב מצטרפים. שכן מניחים בפטומות:

The large feathers and the down contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness but do not combine [with the flesh to constitute the prescribed minimum]. Rabbi Ishmael says: the down does combine [with the flesh]. The beak and the claws contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness and also combine [with the flesh to constitute the prescribed minimum]. Rabbi Yose says: also the ends of the wings and the end of the tail combine [with the flesh to constitute the minimum] since they are left unplucked on fattened birds.

נבלת העוף הטמא צריכה מחשבה והכשר ומטמאה טומאת אוכלין בכביצה. וכחצי פרס לפסול את הגויה. ואין בה כזית בבית הבליעה. והאוכלה אין טעון הערב שמש ואין חייבין עליה על ביאת מקדש. אבל שורפין עליה את התרומה. והאוכל אבר מן החי ממנה. אינו סופג את הארבעים ואין שחיטתה מטהרתה. הכנפים והנוצה. מיטמאות ומטמאות. ומצטרפות החרטום והצפרנים. מיטמאין. ומטמאים ומצטרפין:

The carrion of an unclean bird requires intention; and it must be rendered susceptible; It conveys food uncleanness if its minimum bulk is that of an egg; The consumption of half a loaf's bulk of it renders one's person unfit to eat terumah; There is no rule that an olive's worth defiles in the gullet; He who eats of it need not wait for sunset; No guilt is incurred on account of it for entering the sanctuary; But on account of it terumah must be burnt. He who eats a limb of it while it is alive is not subject to the penalty of forty stripes; Slaughtering it does not render it fit. The large feathers and the down contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness and combine with the flesh to constitute the prescribed minimum. The beak and the claws contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness and combine [with the flesh to make up the prescribed minimum].

ובבהמה. העור והרוטב והקיפה. והאלל והעצמות והגידים והקרנים והטלפים מצטרפין לטמא טומאת אוכלין. אבל לא טומאת נבלות. כיוצא בו השוחט בהמה טמאה לנכרי. והיא מפרכסת מטמאה טומאת אוכלין אבל לא טומאת נבלות עד שתמות. או עד שיתיז את ראשה. ריבה לטמא טומאת אוכלין ממה שריבה לטמא טומאת נבלות:

The hide, meat juice, sediment, dried-up meat, bones, sinews, horns and hooves join together [to make up the minimum quantity in order] to convey food-uncleanness, but not to [make up the minimum quantity in order to] convey nevelah-uncleanness. Similarly, if a man slaughtered an unclean animal for a Gentile and it still has convulsions, it can convey food-uncleanness, but it conveys nevelah-uncleanness only after it is dead, or its head has been chopped off. [Scripture] has [thus] made more cases that convey food-uncleanness than those that convey nevelah-uncleanness.

האוכל שנטמא באב הטומאה ושנטמא בולד הטומאה. מצטרפין זה עם זה. לטמא כקל שבשניהן. כיצד כחצי ביצה אוכל ראשון. וכחצי ביצה אוכל שני שבללן זה בזה. שני. כחצי ביצה אוכל שני. וכחצי ביצה אוכל שלישי שבללן זה בזה. שלישי. כביצה אוכל ראשון וכביצה אוכל שני. שבללן זה בזה. ראשון. חלקן. זה שני וזה שני. נפל זה לעצמו וזה לעצמו על ככר שלתרומה. פסלוהו. נפלו שניהן כאחד. עשאוהו שני:

Food that contracted uncleanness from a "father of uncleanness" and one that contracted uncleanness from a derived uncleanness may be combined together to convey uncleanness according to the lighter grade of the two. How so? If the amount of half an egg of food that has first grade uncleanness and the amount of half an egg of food that has second grade uncleanness were mixed together, the two are regarded having second grade uncleanness. And if the amount of half of an egg of food that has second grade uncleanness and the amount of half an egg of food that has third grade uncleanness were mixed together, the two are regarded as having third grade of uncleanness. If the amount of an egg of food having first grade uncleanness and the amount of an egg of food having second grade uncleanness were mixed together, both are regarded as having first grade uncleanness; But if they were then divided, each part is regarded as having second grade uncleanness. If each part separately fell on a loaf of terumah, they cause it to become unfit. But if the two fell together they cause it to have second grade uncleanness.

כביצה אוכל שני. וכביצה אוכל שלישי. שבללן זה בזה. שני. חלקן. זה שלישי וזה שלישי. נפל זה לעצמו וזה לעצמו על ככר של תרומה. לא פסלוהו. נפלו שניהן כאחת עשאוהו שלישי. כביצה אוכל ראשון וכביצה אוכל שלישי שבללן זה בזה. ראשון. חלקן. זה שני וזה שני. שאף השלישי שנגע בראשון נעשה שני. כשתי ביצים אוכל ראשון. כשתי ביצים אוכל שני שבללן זה בזה. ראשון. חלקן זה ראשון וזה ראשון. לשלשה או לארבעה. הרי אלו שני. כשתי ביצים אוכל שני ושתי ביצים אוכל שלישי שבללן זה בזה. שני. חלקן. זה שני וזה שני. לשלשה או לארבעה. הרי אלו שלישי:

An egg's worth of food that has second degree uncleanness and an egg's worth of food that has third decree uncleanness that were mixed together are regarded as having second degree uncleanness. If they were then divided, each part is regarded as having only third degree uncleanness. If each part separately fell on a loaf of terumah they do not render it invalid. But if the two fell together they convey to it third degree uncleanness. An egg's worth of food that has first degree uncleanness and an egg's worth of food that has third degree uncleanness that were mixed together are regarded as having first degree uncleanness. If they were then divided, each part is regarded as having only second grade uncleanness, for even the third grade that touched the first has become only a second grade. If two eggs worth of food that have first degree uncleanness and two eggs worth of food that have second degree uncleanness were mixed together they are regarded as having first degree uncleanness. If they were then divided, each part is still regarded as having first degree uncleanness. But if they were divided into three or four parts, each is regarded as having second grade. If two eggs worth of food having second degree uncleanness and two eggs worth of food having third degree uncleanness were mixed together, they are regarded as having second degree uncleanness. If they were then divided, each part is still regarded as having second degree uncleanness. But if they were divided into three or four parts, each is regarded as having only third degree uncleanness.

מקרצות נושכות זו בזו. וככרים נושכין זה בזה. נטמאת אחת מהן בשרץ. כולן תחלה. פרשו. כלן תחלה. במשקין. כלן שניות. פרשו. כלן שניות. בידים כלן שלישיות. פרשו. כלן שלישיות:

Pieces of dough which are stuck to each other or loaves stuck to each other, if one of them was defiled from a sheretz, they all become unclean in the first degree; If they were then separated they are still regarded as having first degree uncleanness. If one of them was defiled by a liquid they all have second degree uncleanness; If they were then separated they are still regarded as have second degree uncleanness. If one of them was defiled from the hands, they all become have third degree uncleanness; If they were then separated they are still regarded as having third degree of uncleanness.

מקרצת שהיתה תחלה והשיך לה אחרות. כלן תחלה. פרשו. היא תחלה. וכלן שניות. היתה שניה והשיך לה אחרות. כלן שניות. פרשו. היא שניה. וכולן שלישיות. היתה שלישית והשיך לה אחרות. היא שלישית וכולן טהורות. בין שפרשו בין שלא פרשו:

A piece of dough that had first degree uncleanness, and then others became stuck to it, they all become unclean in the first degree. If they were separated, it still remains unclean in the first degree but all the others are have only second degree uncleanness. If [the original piece] had second degree uncleanness and then others became stuck to it, they all become unclean in the second degree; If they were separated, it still remains unclean in the second degree but all the others are only unclean in the third degree. If [the original piece] had third degree uncleanness, and then other became stuck to it, it remains unclean in the third degree but all the others remain clean, whether they were subsequently separated from it or whether they were not separated.

ככרות הקדש שבתוך גומותיהם. מים מקודשים. נטמאת אחת מהן בשרץ. כלן טמאות. בתרומה. מטמא שנים ופוסל אחד. אם יש ביניהם משקה טופח. אף בתרומה הכל טמא:

Holy loaves in whose hollows there was holy water, if one contracted uncleanness from a sheretz, they all become unclean. In the case of loaves of terumah, uncleanness is conveyed to two loaves and one is invalidated. If there was dripping liquid between them, even in the case of terumah all become unclean.