Mishnah Shekalim 7

מעות שנמצאו בין השקלים לנדבה. קרוב לשקלים יפלו לשקלים. לנדבה יפלו לנדבה. מחצה למחצה יפלו לנדבה. בין עצים ללבונה. קרוב לעצים יפלו לעצים. ללבונה יפלו ללבונה. מחצה למחצה יפלו ללבונה. בין קינין לגוזלי עולה קרוב לקינין יפלו לקינין. לגוזלי עולה יפלו לגוזלי עולה. מחצה למחצה יפלו לגוזלי עולה. בין חולין למעשר שני. קרוב לחולין יפלו לחולין. למעשר שני יפלו למעשר שני. מחצה למחצה יפלו למעשר שני. זה הכלל הולכין אחר הקרוב להקל. מחצה למחצה להחמיר.

Coins which were found between the [chest inscribed] “shekels” and the [chests inscribed] “freewill-offerings: Nearer to [the chest inscribed] “shekels”, they go to the shekels; [Nearer to the chests inscribed] “freewill-offerings”, they go to freewill-offerings; Half way in between, they go to freewill-offerings. [Coins which were found] between [the chest inscribed] “wood” and [the chest inscribed] “frankincense”: Nearer to [the chest inscribed] “wood”, they go to the wood; [Nearer to the chest inscribed] “frankincense”, they go to frankincense; Half way in between, they go to frankincense. [Coins which were found] between [the chest inscribed] “bird-offerings” and [the chest inscribed] “young pigeons for burnt-offerings”: Nearer to [the chest inscribed] “bird-offerings” they go to bird-offerings; [Nearer to the chest inscribed] “young pigeons for burnt-offerings”, they go to young pigeons for burnt-offerings; Half way in between, they go to young pigeons for burnt-offerings. [Coins which were found] between non-sacred [money] and [second] tithes [money]: Nearer to the non-sacred [money], they go to common [money]; Nearer to the [second] tithes [money], they go to [second] tithes; Half way in between, they are considered [second] tithes. This is the general rule: the go to that which is nearer [even if this] is lenient; but if half way in between, [they must go] to that which is the more stringent.

מעות שנמצאו לפני סוחרי בהמה. לעולם מעשר. בהר הבית חולין. בירושלם בשעת הרגל מעשר. ובשאר כל ימות השנה חולין:

Money which was found in front of animal dealers [in Jerusalem], it is always [second] tithes [money]; [If it was found] on the Temple Mount it is non-sacred [money]. [If it was found] in Jerusalem during the time of a festival, it is [second] tithes [money]. But all the rest of the year it is non-sacred [money].

בשר שנמצא בעזרה אברין עולות וחתיכות חטאות. בירושלם זבחי שלמים. זה וזה תעובר צורתו ויצא לבית השריפה. נמצא בגבולין. אברין נבילות. חתיכות מותרות. ובשעת הרגל שהבשר מרובה אף אברין מותרין:

Meat which was found in the Temple courtyard: Limbs: [they must be treated as belonging to] whole burnt-offerings; Pieces: [they must be treated as belonging to] sin-offerings. [Meat which was found] in Jerusalem, [must be treated as belonging to] wellbeing-offerings. In both cases it must be left to become disqualified and must then go out to the place of burning. [Meat which was] found within the borders [of Israel but outside of Jerusalem]: Limbs: [they must be treated as] carrion; Pieces: they are permitted. But [if found] during the time of a festival, when meat is abundant, it is permitted [to eat it] even when cut up in limbs.

בהמה שנמצאת מירושלם ועד מגדל עדר. וכמידתה לכל רוח זכרים עולות. נקבות זבחי שלמים. רבי יהודה אומר הראוי לפסחים פסחים. קודם לרגל שלשים יום:

Beasts which were found in Jerusalem as far as Migdal Eder and within the same distance in any direction: Males are [considered as] burnt-offerings; Females are [considered as] peace-offerings. Rabbi Judah says: that which is fit for a pesach offering, is [considered as] a pesach-offerings [when found] within thirty days before the pilgrimage [of Pesach].

בראשונה היו ממשכנין את מוצאיה עד שהוא מביא נסכיה חזרו להיות מניחין אותה ובורחין. התקינו בית דין שיהו נסכיה באין משל צבור:

In olden times they used to take a pledge from any one who had found such a [stray] animal, until he brought its libation-offerings. Then people would leave the animal and run away. So the court decreed that its libation-offerings should come from public funds.

אמר רבי שמעון שבעה דברים התקינו בית דין. וזה אחד מהן נכרי ששלח עולתו ממדינת הים ושלח עמה נסכים קריבין משלו. ואם לאו קריבין משל צבור. וכן גר שמת והניח זבחים. אם יש לו נסכים קריבין משלו. ואם לאו קריבין משל צבור. ותנאי בית דין הוא על כהן גדול שמת שתהא מנחתו קריבה משל צבור. רבי יהודה אומר משל יורשין. ושלימה היתה קריבה:

Rabbi Shimon said: there were seven things that the court decree and that was one of them. [The others were the following:]A non-Jew who sent a burnt-offering from overseas and he sent with it its libation-offerings, they are offered out of his own; But if [he did] not [send its libation-offerings], they should be offered out of public funds. So too [in the case of] a convert who had died and left sacrifices, if he had also left its libation-offerings they are offered out of his own; But if not, they should be offered out of public funds. It was also a condition laid down by the court in the case of a high priest who had died that his minhah should be offered out of public funds. Rabbi Judah says: [it was offered out] of the property of his heirs, And had to be offered of the whole [tenth].

על המלח. ועל העצים שיהו הכהנים נאותים בהן. ועל הפרה. שלא יהו מועלין באפרה. ועל הקינין הפסולות שיהו באות משל צבור רבי יוסי אומר המספק את הקינין מספק את הפסולות:

[They further decreed] concerning the salt and the wood that the priests may benefit from them. And concerning the [red] heifer that using its ashes is not considered sacrilege. And concerning bird-offerings which had become unfit [for sacrifice], that [others] should be offered [in their place] out of public funds. Rabbi Yose says: the one who supplied the bird-offerings was bound to supply [those which had to be offered in the place of] those which had become unfit.