Pāli · Vinaya Piṭaka (Pāli, Mahāsaṅgīti)“Saṅgharāji saṅgharājīti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo? Kittāvatā ca pana saṅgharāji ceva hoti saṅghabhedo cā”ti?
“Paññattetaṁ, upāli, mayā āgantukānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ āgantukavattaṁ. Evaṁ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade āgantukā bhikkhū āgantukavatte na vattanti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo.
Paññattetaṁ, upāli, mayā āvāsikānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ āvāsikavattaṁ. Evaṁ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade āvāsikā bhikkhū āvāsikavatte na vattanti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo.
Paññattetaṁ, upāli, mayā bhikkhūnaṁ bhattagge bhattaggavattaṁ— yathāvuḍḍhaṁ yathārattaṁ yathāpatirūpaṁ aggāsanaṁ aggodakaṁ aggapiṇḍaṁ. Evaṁ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade navā bhikkhū bhattagge therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ āsanaṁ paṭibāhanti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo.
Paññattetaṁ, upāli, mayā bhikkhūnaṁ senāsane senāsanavattaṁ— yathāvuḍḍhaṁ yathārattaṁ yathāpatirūpaṁ. Evaṁ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade navā bhikkhū therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ senāsanaṁ paṭibāhanti. Evampi kho, upāli, saṅgharāji hoti no ca saṅghabhedo.
Paññattetaṁ, upāli, mayā bhikkhūnaṁ antosīmāya ekaṁ uposathaṁ ekaṁ pavāraṇaṁ ekaṁ saṅghakammaṁ ekaṁ kammākammaṁ. Evaṁ supaññatte kho, upāli, mayā sikkhāpade tattheva antosīmāya āvenibhāvaṁ karitvā gaṇaṁ bandhitvā āveniṁ uposathaṁ karonti āveniṁ pavāraṇaṁ karonti āveniṁ saṅghakammaṁ karonti āveniṁ kammākammāni karonti. Evaṁ kho, upāli, saṅgharāji ceva hoti saṅghabhedo cā”ti.
English · Bhikkhu Brahmali“Sir, we speak of ‘fracture in the Sangha’. But how is there fracture in the Sangha, yet not schism? And how is there both fracture and schism in the Sangha?”
“(1) Upāli, I’ve laid down the proper conduct for newly-arrived monks. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, the newly-arrived monks don’t practice that proper conduct. In this way, there’s fracture in the Sangha, but not schism.
(2) I’ve laid down the proper conduct for resident monks. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, the resident monks don’t practice that proper conduct. In this way, there’s fracture in the Sangha, but not schism.
(3) I’ve laid down the proper conduct for monks in the dining hall: the best seat, the best water, and the best almsfood is to be given out according to seniority and according to what’s proper. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, the junior monks block the senior monks from seats. In this way, there’s fracture in the Sangha, but not schism.
(4) I’ve laid down the proper conduct for the monks in regard to dwellings: they’re to be given out according to seniority and according to what’s proper. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, the junior monks block the senior monks from dwellings. In this way, there’s fracture in the Sangha, but not schism.
(5) For monks within the same monastery zone, I’ve laid down this: a joint observance-day ceremony; a joint invitation ceremony; joint legal procedures of the Sangha; joint legal procedures of whatever kind. Even though I’ve carefully laid down the training rules, they form a faction, a subgroup, right there within the monastery zone. They then do a separate observance-day ceremony, a separate invitation ceremony, separate legal procedures of the Sangha, or separate legal procedures of whatever kind. In this way, there’s both fracture and schism in the Sangha.”