Bu Pc 28

28. Nāvābhiruhanasikkhāpada

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīhi saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruhanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “yatheva mayaṁ sapajāpatikā nāvāya kīḷāma, evamevime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bhikkhunīhi saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya nāvāya kīḷantī”ti. Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhunīhi saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruhissantī”ti …pe… “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruhathā”ti? “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruhissatha. Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Traveling on a boat with a nun Origin story First substory

At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. At that time the monks from the group of six were boarding boats by arrangement with nuns. People complained and criticized them, “Just as we enjoy ourselves on boats with our wives, so these Sakyan monastics make arrangements with the nuns and then enjoy themselves on boats.” The monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, “How can the monks from the group of six board boats by arrangement with nuns?” … “Is it true, monks, that you do this?” “It’s true, sir.” The Buddha rebuked them … “Foolish men, how can you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruheyya, uddhaṅgāminiṁ vā adhogāminiṁ vā, pācittiyan”ti.

Preliminary ruling

‘If a monk boards a boat by arrangement with a nun, either to go upstream or downstream, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca sāketā sāvatthiṁ addhānamaggappaṭipannā honti. Antarāmagge nadī taritabbā hoti. Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo te bhikkhū etadavocuṁ— “mayampi ayyehi saddhiṁ uttarissāmā”ti. “Na, bhaginī, kappati bhikkhuniyā saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruhituṁ; tumhe vā paṭhamaṁ uttaratha mayaṁ vā uttarissāmā”ti. “Ayyā, bhante, aggapurisā. Ayyāva paṭhamaṁ uttarantū”ti. Atha kho tāsaṁ bhikkhunīnaṁ pacchā uttarantīnaṁ corā acchindiṁsu ca dūsesuñca. Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo sāvatthiṁ gantvā bhikkhunīnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— “anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tiriyaṁ taraṇāya bhikkhuniyā saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruhituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Second substory

Soon afterwards a number of monks and nuns were traveling from Sāketa to Sāvatthī. On the way they needed to cross a river. The nuns said to the monks, “Let’s cross together.” “Sisters, it’s not allowable for us to board a boat by arrangement with a nun. Either you cross first, or we will.” “You have the higher status, venerables. Please go first.” But because the nuns crossed afterwards, they were robbed and raped by bandits. When they arrived at Sāvatthī they told the nuns there what had happened. The nuns then told the monks, who in turn told the Buddha. Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “Monks, I allow you to board a boat by arrangement with a nun if it’s for the purpose of crossing. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruheyya uddhaṅgāminiṁ vā adhogāminiṁ vā, aññatra tiriyaṁ taraṇāya, pācittiyan”ti.

Final ruling

‘If a monk boards a boat by arrangement with a nun, either to go upstream or downstream, except for the purpose of crossing, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Yo panāti yo yādiso …pe… bhikkhūti …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti. Bhikkhunī nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā. Saddhinti ekato. Saṁvidhāyāti “abhiruhāma, bhagini, abhiruhāmāyya; abhiruhāmāyya, abhiruhāma, bhagini; ajja vā hiyyo vā pare vā abhiruhāmā”ti saṁvidahati āpatti dukkaṭassa. Bhikkhuniyā abhiruḷhe bhikkhu abhiruhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhumhi abhiruḷhe bhikkhunī abhiruhati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā abhiruhanti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Uddhaṅgāmininti ujjavanikāya. Adhogāmininti ojavanikāya. Aññatra tiriyaṁ taraṇāyāti ṭhapetvā tiriyaṁ taraṇaṁ. Kukkuṭasampāte gāme, gāmantare gāmantare āpatti pācittiyassa. Agāmake araññe, aḍḍhayojane aḍḍhayojane āpatti pācittiyassa.

Definitions

A: whoever … Monk: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. A nun: she has been given the full ordination by both Sanghas. With: together. By arrangement: if he makes an arrangement like this: he says, “Let’s board, sister,” and she replies, “Yes, let’s board, venerable;” or she says, “Let’s board, venerable,” and he replies, “Yes, let’s board, sister;” or he says, “Let’s board today,” “Let’s board tomorrow,” “Let’s board the day after tomorrow,” then he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If the monk boards when the nun has already boarded, he commits an offense entailing confession. If the nun boards when the monk has already boarded, he commits an offense entailing confession. If they both board together, he commits an offense entailing confession. To go upstream: for the purpose of going against the stream. To go downstream: for the purpose of going with the stream. Except for the purpose of crossing: unless it is to go across. When the inhabited areas are a chicken’s flight apart, then for every next inhabited area he commits an offense entailing confession. When it is an uninhabited area, a wilderness, then for every six kilometers he commits an offense entailing confession.

Saṁvidahite saṁvidahitasaññī ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruhati uddhaṅgāminiṁ vā adhogāminiṁ vā, aññatra tiriyaṁ taraṇāya, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṁvidahite vematiko ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruhati uddhaṅgāminiṁ vā adhogāminiṁ vā, aññatra tiriyaṁ taraṇāya, āpatti pācittiyassa. Saṁvidahite asaṁvidahitasaññī ekaṁ nāvaṁ abhiruhati uddhaṅgāminiṁ vā adhogāminiṁ vā, aññatra tiriyaṁ taraṇāya, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhu saṁvidahati, bhikkhunī na saṁvidahati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asaṁvidahite saṁvidahitasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asaṁvidahite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Asaṁvidahite, asaṁvidahitasaññī, anāpatti.

Permutations

If there is an arrangement, and he perceives that there is, and he boards a boat with a nun, either to go upstream or downstream, except for the purpose of crossing, he commits an offense entailing confession. If there is an arrangement, but he is unsure of it, and he boards a boat with a nun, either to go upstream or downstream, except for the purpose of crossing, he commits an offense entailing confession. If there is an arrangement, but he does not perceive that there is, and he boards a boat with a nun, either to go upstream or downstream, except for the purpose of crossing, he commits an offense entailing confession. If the monk makes an arrangement, but the nun does not express her agreement, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If there is no arrangement, but he perceives that there is, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If there is no arrangement, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If there is no arrangement, and he does not perceive that there is, there is no offense.

Anāpatti— tiriyaṁ taraṇāya, asaṁvidahitvā abhiruhanti, bhikkhunī saṁvidahati, bhikkhu na saṁvidahati, visaṅketena abhiruhanti, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammissāti.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: if it is for the purpose of crossing; if they board without an arrangement; if the nun has made an arrangement, but he has not expressed his agreement; if they board, but not according to the arrangement; if there is an emergency; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.