Kd 10

10. Kosambakakkhandhaka 1. Kosambakavivādakathā

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṁ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti. So tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhi hoti; aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhino honti. So aparena samayena tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti; aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti. Atha kho te bhikkhū taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ— “āpattiṁ tvaṁ, āvuso, āpanno, passasetaṁ āpattin”ti? “Natthi me, āvuso, āpatti yamahaṁ passeyyan”ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū sāmaggiṁ labhitvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipiṁsu.

The chapter on division in the Sangha 1. The account of the dispute at Kosambī

At one time when the Buddha was staying at Kosambī in Ghosita’s Monastery, a certain monk had committed an offense. He regarded it as an offense, but there were other monks who did not. Some time later he no longer regarded it as an offense, but there were other monks who did. They said to him, “You’ve committed an offense. Do you recognize it?” “No, I haven’t committed any offense that I should recognize.” Soon afterwards the monks achieved unanimity, and they ejected that monk for not recognizing the offense.

So ca bhikkhu bahussuto hoti āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Atha kho so bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca— “anāpatti esā, āvuso, nesā āpatti. Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno. Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto. Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena. Hotha me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā”ti. Alabhi kho so bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe. Jānapadānampi sandiṭṭhānaṁ sambhattānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ santike dūtaṁ pāhesi— “anāpatti esā, āvuso, nesā āpatti. Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno. Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto. Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena. Hontu me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā”ti. Alabhi kho so bhikkhu jānapadepi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe.

But that monk was learned, a master of the tradition; he was an expert on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; he was knowledgeable and competent, had a sense of conscience, and was afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training. He went to his friends and said, “This isn’t an offense, and so I haven’t committed any. And I haven’t been ejected, for the legal procedure was illegitimate, reversible, and unfit to stand. Please side with me, venerables, in accordance with the Teaching and the Monastic Law.” He was able to form a faction. He then sent the same message to his friends in the country, and again he was able to form a faction.

Atha kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ— “anāpatti esā, āvuso, nesā āpatti. Anāpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu āpanno. Anukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu ukkhitto. Adhammikena kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahenā”ti. Evaṁ vutte, ukkhepakā bhikkhū ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ— “āpatti esā, āvuso, nesā anāpatti. Āpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anāpanno. Ukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anukkhitto. Dhammikena kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Mā kho tumhe āyasmanto etaṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ anuvattittha anuparivārethā”ti. Evampi kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū ukkhepakehi bhikkhūhi vuccamānā tatheva taṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ anuvattiṁsu anuparivāresuṁ.

The monks who sided with him went to the monks who had ejected him and said, “This isn’t an offense, and so this monk hasn’t committed any. He hasn’t been ejected, for the legal procedure was illegitimate, reversible, and unfit to stand.” They replied, “This is an offense, and he’s committed it. And he’s been ejected. The legal procedure was legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand. Venerables, don’t side with this monk.” But they still sided with him.

Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “idha, bhante, aññataro bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno ahosi. So tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhi ahosi, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhino ahesuṁ. So aparena samayena tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi ahosi, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino ahesuṁ. Atha kho te, bhante, bhikkhū taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ— ‘āpattiṁ tvaṁ, āvuso, āpanno, passasetaṁ āpattin’ti? ‘Natthi me, āvuso, āpatti yamahaṁ passeyyan’ti. Atha kho te, bhante, bhikkhū sāmaggiṁ labhitvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipiṁsu. So ca, bhante, bhikkhu bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Atha kho so, bhante, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca— ‘anāpatti esā, āvuso; nesā āpatti. Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno. Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto. Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena. Hotha me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā’ti. Alabhi kho so, bhante, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe. Jānapadānampi sandiṭṭhānaṁ sambhattānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ santike dūtaṁ pāhesi— ‘anāpatti esā, āvuso; nesā āpatti. Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno. Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto. Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena. Hontu me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā’ti. Alabhi kho so, bhante, bhikkhu jānapadepi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe. Atha kho te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ— ‘anāpatti esā, āvuso; nesā āpatti. Anāpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu āpanno. Anukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu ukkhitto. Adhammikena kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahenā’ti. Evaṁ vutte, te, bhante, ukkhepakā bhikkhū ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ— ‘āpatti esā, āvuso; nesā anāpatti. Āpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anāpanno. Ukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anukkhitto. Dhammikena kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Mā kho tumhe āyasmanto etaṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ anuvattittha anuparivārethā’ti. Evampi kho te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū ukkhepakehi bhikkhūhi vuccamānā tatheva taṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ anuvattanti anuparivārentī”ti.

Soon afterwards a certain monk went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and told him all that had happened.

Atha kho bhagavā—“bhinno bhikkhusaṅgho, bhinno bhikkhusaṅgho”ti— uṭṭhāyāsanā yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavoca— “mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave—‘paṭibhāti no, paṭibhāti no’ti—yasmiṁ vā tasmiṁ vā bhikkhuṁ ukkhipitabbaṁ maññittha.

Realizing that the Sangha of monks was divided, the Buddha got up from his seat, went to those monks who had done the ejection, and sat down on the prepared seat. He then said to those monks: “Don’t just eject a monk for any kind of offense merely because it seems clear to you that he’s committed it.

Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti. So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti. Te ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhū taṁ bhikkhuṁ evaṁ jānanti—‘ayaṁ kho āyasmā bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Sace mayaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissāma, na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ uposathaṁ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā uposathaṁ karissāma, bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, bhedagarukehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi na so bhikkhu āpattiyā adassane ukkhipitabbo.

It may be that a monk has committed an offense. He doesn’t regard it as an offense, but there are other monks who do. If they know, ‘This monk is learned and a master of the tradition; he’s an expert on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; he’s knowledgeable and competent, has a sense of conscience, and is afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training. If we eject him for not recognizing an offense, we won’t be able to do the observance-day ceremony with him. Because of this, there’ll be arguments and disputes in the Sangha; there’ll be schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha,’ and if they understand the gravity of schism, they shouldn’t eject that monk.

Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti. So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti. Te ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhū taṁ bhikkhuṁ evaṁ jānanti—‘ayaṁ kho āyasmā bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Sace mayaṁ imaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissāma, na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ pavāressāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā pavāressāma. Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ saṅghakammaṁ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā saṅghakammaṁ karissāma. Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ āsane nisīdissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā āsane nisīdissāma. Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ yāgupāne nisīdissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā yāgupāne nisīdissāma. Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ bhattagge nisīdissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā bhattagge nisīdissāma. Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ ekacchanne vasissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā ekacchanne vasissāma. Na mayaṁ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṁ yathāvuḍḍhaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā yathāvuḍḍhaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ karissāma. Bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, bhedagarukehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi na so bhikkhu āpattiyā adassane ukkhipitabbo”ti.

It may be that a monk has committed an offense. He doesn’t regard it as an offense, but there are other monks who do. If they know, ‘This monk is learned and a master of the tradition; he’s an expert on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; he’s knowledgeable and competent, has a sense of conscience, and is afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training. If we eject him for not recognizing an offense, we won’t be able to do the invitation ceremony with him; we won’t be able to do legal procedures with him; we won’t share a seat with him; we won’t drink congee with him; we won’t sit in the dining hall with him; we won’t stay in the same room with him; we won’t bow down, stand up, raise our joined palms, or do acts of respect toward one another according to seniority. Because of this, there’ll be arguments and disputes in the Sangha; there’ll be schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha,’ and if they understand the gravity of schism, they shouldn’t eject that monk.”

Atha kho bhagavā ukkhepakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ bhāsitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavoca— “mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave, āpattiṁ āpajjitvā ‘nāmha āpannā, nāmha āpannā’ti āpattiṁ na paṭikātabbaṁ maññittha. Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti. So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti. So ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu te bhikkhū evaṁ jānāti—‘ime kho āyasmanto bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā paṇḍitā byattā medhāvino lajjino kukkuccakā sikkhākāmā, nālaṁ mamaṁ vā kāraṇā aññesaṁ vā kāraṇā chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṁ gantuṁ. Sace maṁ ime bhikkhū āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissanti, na mayā saddhiṁ uposathaṁ karissanti, vinā mayā uposathaṁ karissanti, bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, bhedagarukena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā paresampi saddhāya āpatti desetabbā. Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṁ āpanno hoti. So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti. So ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu te bhikkhū evaṁ jānāti—‘ime kho āyasmanto bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā paṇḍitā byattā medhāvino lajjino kukkuccakā sikkhākāmā, nālaṁ mamaṁ vā kāraṇā aññesaṁ vā kāraṇā chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṁ gantuṁ. Sace maṁ ime bhikkhū āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissanti, na mayā saddhiṁ pavāressanti, vinā mayā pavāressanti. Na mayā saddhiṁ saṅghakammaṁ karissanti, vinā mayā saṅghakammaṁ karissanti. Na mayā saddhiṁ āsane nisīdissanti, vinā mayā āsane nisīdissanti. Na mayā saddhiṁ yāgupāne nisīdissanti, vinā mayā yāgupāne nisīdissanti. Na mayā saddhiṁ bhattagge nisīdissanti vinā mayā bhattagge nisīdissanti. Na mayā saddhiṁ ekacchanne vasissanti, vinā mayā ekacchanne vasissanti. Na mayā saddhiṁ yathāvuḍḍhaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ karissanti, vinā mayā yathāvuḍḍhaṁ abhivādanaṁ paccuṭṭhānaṁ añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ karissanti, bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, bhedagarukena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā paresampi saddhāya āpatti desetabbā”ti. Atha kho bhagavā ukkhittānuvattakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ bhāsitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

The Buddha got up from his seat, went to those monks who were siding with the ejected monk, and sat down on the prepared seat. He then said to those monks: “If you’ve committed an offense, don’t refuse to make amends for it just because you think that you haven’t committed it. It may be that a monk has committed an offense. He doesn’t regard it as an offense, but there are other monks who do. If he knows, ‘These monks are learned and masters of the tradition; they’re experts on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; they’re knowledgeable and competent, have a sense of conscience, and are afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training. They’re unlikely, because of me or anyone else, to act wrongly out of favoritism, ill will, confusion, or fear. And if these monks eject me for not recognizing an offense, they won’t be able do the observance-day ceremony with me. Because of this, there’ll be arguments and disputes in the Sangha; there’ll be schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha,’ and if he understands the gravity of schism, he should confess the offense even out of confidence in the others. It may be that a monk has committed an offense. He doesn’t regard it as an offense, but there are other monks who do. If he knows, ‘These monks are learned and masters of the tradition; they’re experts on the Teaching, the Monastic Law, and the Key Terms; they’re knowledgeable and competent, have a sense of conscience, and are afraid of wrongdoing and fond of the training. They’re unlikely, because of me or anyone else, to act wrongly out of favoritism, ill will, confusion, or fear. And if these monks eject me for not recognizing an offense, they won’t be able to do the invitation ceremony with me; they won’t be able to do legal procedures with me; they won’t share a seat with me; they won’t drink congee with me; they won’t sit in the dining hall with me; they won’t stay in the same room with me; we won’t bow down, stand up, raise our joined palms, or do acts of respect toward one another according to seniority. Because of this, there’ll be arguments and disputes in the Sangha; there’ll be schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha,’ and if he understands the gravity of schism, he should confess the offense even out of confidence in the others.” The Buddha then got up from his seat and left.

Tena kho pana samayena ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṁ karonti, saṅghakammaṁ karonti. Ukkhepakā pana bhikkhū nissīmaṁ gantvā uposathaṁ karonti, saṅghakammaṁ karonti. Atha kho aññataro ukkhepako bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “Te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṁ karonti, saṅghakammaṁ karonti. Mayaṁ pana ukkhepakā bhikkhū nissīmaṁ gantvā uposathaṁ karoma, saṅghakammaṁ karomā”ti. “Te ce, bhikkhu, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṁ karissanti, saṅghakammaṁ karissanti, yathā mayā ñatti ca anussāvanā ca paññattā, tesaṁ tāni kammāni dhammikāni kammāni bhavissanti akuppāni ṭhānārahāni. Tumhe ce, bhikkhu, ukkhepakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṁ karissatha, saṅghakammaṁ karissatha, yathā mayā ñatti ca anussāvanā ca paññattā, tumhākampi tāni kammāni dhammikāni kammāni bhavissanti akuppāni ṭhānārahāni. Taṁ kissa hetu?

Monks belonging to different Buddhist sects

Soon those monks who sided with the ejected monk did the observance-day ceremony and legal procedures right there within the monastery zone. But the monks who had ejected him went outside the monastery zone and did the observance-day ceremony and legal procedures there. One of the monks who had done the ejection went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and told him what was happening. The Buddha replied: “If those monks who side with the ejected monk do the observance-day ceremony and legal procedures right there within the monastery zone, and it’s in accordance with the motion and announcements as I’ve laid them down, then those procedures are legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand. And if you, the monks who did the ejection, do the observance-day ceremony and legal procedures right there within the monastery zone, and it’s in accordance with the motion and announcements as I’ve laid them down, then those procedures too are legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand.

Nānāsaṁvāsakā ete bhikkhū tumhehi, tumhe ca tehi nānāsaṁvāsakā. Dvemā, bhikkhu, nānāsaṁvāsakabhūmiyo— attanā vā attānaṁ nānāsaṁvāsakaṁ karoti, samaggo vā naṁ saṅgho ukkhipati adassane vā appaṭikamme vā appaṭinissagge vā. Imā kho, bhikkhu, dve nānāsaṁvāsakabhūmiyo. Dvemā, bhikkhu, samānasaṁvāsakabhūmiyo— attanā vā attānaṁ samānasaṁvāsaṁ karoti, samaggo vā naṁ saṅgho ukkhittaṁ osāreti adassane vā appaṭikamme vā appaṭinissagge vā. Imā kho, bhikkhu, dve samānasaṁvāsakabhūmiyo”ti.

This is so because you now belong to a different Buddhist sect. There are these two grounds for belonging to a different Buddhist sect. Either one makes oneself belong to a different Buddhist sect, or a unanimous assembly ejects one for not recognizing an offense, for not making amends for an offense, or for not giving up a bad view. And there are these two grounds for belonging to the same Buddhist sect. Either one makes oneself belong to the same Buddhist sect, or a unanimous assembly readmits one who had been ejected for not recognizing an offense, for not making amends for an offense, or for not giving up a bad view.”

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ ananulomikaṁ kāyakammaṁ vacīkammaṁ upadaṁsenti, hatthaparāmāsaṁ karonti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ ananulomikaṁ kāyakammaṁ vacīkammaṁ upadaṁsessanti, hatthaparāmāsaṁ karissantī”ti. Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma bhikkhū bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ ananulomikaṁ kāyakammaṁ vacīkammaṁ upadaṁsessanti, hatthaparāmāsaṁ karissantī”ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā …pe… hatthaparāmāsaṁ karontī”ti? “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… vigarahitvā dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— “bhinne, bhikkhave, saṅghe adhammiyāyamāne asammodikāya vattamānāya ‘ettāvatā na aññamaññaṁ ananulomikaṁ kāyakammaṁ vacīkammaṁ upadaṁsessāma, hatthaparāmāsaṁ karissāmā’ti— āsane nisīditabbaṁ. Bhinne, bhikkhave, saṅghe dhammiyāyamāne sammodikāya vattamānāya āsanantarikāya nisīditabban”ti.

Proper conduct when the Sangha is divided

At this time the monks were arguing and disputing in the dining halls in inhabited areas, behaving improperly by body and speech, such as grabbing one another. People complained and criticized them, “How can the Sakyan monastics behave like this?” The monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized them, “How can monks behave like this?” They told the Buddha. … “Is it true, monks, that monks are behaving like this?” “It’s true, sir.” The Buddha rebuked them … He then gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “When the Sangha is divided and the monks are behaving contrary to the Teaching and are not on friendly terms, they should sit down and reflect, ‘We won’t behave improperly by body or speech, such as grabbing one another.’ When the Sangha is divided, but the monks are behaving in accordance with the Teaching and are on friendly terms, they should sit down one seat apart.”

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Te na sakkonti taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasametuṁ. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “idha, bhante, bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Te na sakkonti taṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasametuṁ. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṁ upādāyā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho bhagavā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca— “alaṁ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṁ mā kalahaṁ mā viggahaṁ mā vivādan”ti. Evaṁ vutte, aññataro adhammavādī bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “āgametu, bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī; appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharatu. Mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā”ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca— “alaṁ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṁ mā kalahaṁ mā viggahaṁ mā vivādan”ti. Dutiyampi kho so adhammavādī bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “āgametu, bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī; appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharatu. Mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā”ti.

The monks were also arguing and disputing in the midst of the Sangha, attacking one another verbally, and were unable to resolve that legal issue. A certain monk went to the Buddha, bowed, and told him what was happening, adding, “Sir, please go to those monks out of compassion.” The Buddha consented by remaining silent. He then went to those monks, sat down on the prepared seat, and said, “Enough, monks, don’t quarrel and dispute.” A certain monk who spoke contrary to the Teaching replied, “Wait, sir, you’re the Lord of the Teaching. Be at ease and enjoy the happiness of meditation. We’ll face the consequences of this quarreling and disputing.” The Buddha repeated his appeal to those monks, but got the same reply.

2. Dīghāvuvatthu

Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi— “bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, bārāṇasiyaṁ brahmadatto nāma kāsirājā ahosi aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo mahabbalo mahāvāhano mahāvijito paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro. Dīghīti nāma kosalarājā ahosi daliddo appadhano appabhogo appabalo appavāhano appavijito aparipuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannayhitvā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ abbhuyyāsi. Assosi kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā—‘brahmadatto kira kāsirājā caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannayhitvā mamaṁ abbhuyyāto’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño etadahosi—‘brahmadatto kho kāsirājā aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo mahabbalo mahāvāhano mahāvijito paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro, ahaṁ panamhi daliddo appadhano appabhogo appabalo appavāhano appavijito aparipuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro, nāhaṁ paṭibalo brahmadattena kāsiraññā ekasaṅghātampi sahituṁ. Yannūnāhaṁ paṭikacceva nagaramhā nippateyyan’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā mahesiṁ ādāya paṭikacceva nagaramhā nippati. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghītissa kosalarañño balañca vāhanañca janapadañca kosañca koṭṭhāgārañca abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā sapajāpatiko yena bārāṇasī tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena bārāṇasī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā sapajāpatiko bārāṇasiyaṁ aññatarasmiṁ paccantime okāse kumbhakāranivesane aññātakavesena paribbājakacchannena paṭivasati.

2. The account of Dīghāvu

The Buddha then said: “At one time in Benares, monks, there was a king of Kāsi called Brahmadatta. He was rich and powerful, had many vehicles and transport animals, and possessed a large kingdom and much wealth. Then there was Dīghīti, the king of Kosala, who was poor and had little power, who had few vehicles and transport animals, and who possessed only a small kingdom and little wealth. At one time King Brahmadatta, armed with his fourfold army, marched out to attack King Dīghīti. When King Dīghīti heard about this, he reflected on King Brahmadatta’s superior wealth and power, and he concluded, ‘I’m incapable of repelling even a single strike from Brahmadatta. Let me flee the town before he arrives.’ And he fled the town together with his queen. King Brahmadatta then conquered and seized King Dīghīti’s army, vehicles, and transport animals, as well as his country and wealth. King Dīghīti and his wife set out for Benares. When they eventually arrived, they stayed in the house of a potter on the edge of the town, disguised as wanderers.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī nacirasseva gabbhinī ahosi. Tassā evarūpo dohaḷo uppanno hoti—icchati sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātuṁ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ etadavoca—‘gabbhinīmhi, deva. Tassā me evarūpo dohaḷo uppanno—icchāmi sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātun’ti. ‘Kuto, devi, amhākaṁ duggatānaṁ caturaṅginī senā sannaddhā vammikā subhūme ṭhitā, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātun’ti ‘sacāhaṁ, deva, na labhissāmi, marissāmī’ti.

Soon the queen became pregnant. She craved to see the fully equipped fourfold army arrayed on even ground at sunrise and to drink water from the washing of swords. She told the king. He said, ‘How can we possibly achieve this when things are so difficult for us?’ She replied, ‘Well, if I don’t get it, I’ll die.’

Tena kho pana samayena, brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo dīghītissa kosalarañño sahāyo hoti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā yena brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohitaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca—‘sakhī te, samma, gabbhinī. Tassā evarūpo dohaḷo uppanno—icchati sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātun’ti. ‘Tena hi, deva, mayampi deviṁ passāmā’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī yena brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesiṁ dūratova āgacchantiṁ, disvāna uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā yena dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā tikkhattuṁ udānaṁ udānesi— ‘kosalarājā vata bho kucchigato, kosalarājā vata bho kucchigatoti. Attamanā, devi, hohi. Lacchasi sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātun’ti.

At that time King Brahmadatta had a brahmin counselor who was a friend of King Dīghīti. King Dīghīti went to his friend and told him about his wife’s pregnancy and craving. The brahmin replied, ‘Well then, let me see the queen.’ The queen then went to that brahmin. When he saw her coming, he got up from his seat, arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, raise his joined palms, and uttered a heartfelt exclamation three times: ‘You have the king of Kosala in your womb!’ And he added, ‘Be pleased, lady. You’ll get to see the fully equipped fourfold army arrayed on even ground at sunrise and to drink water from the washing of swords.’

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo yena brahmadatto kāsirājā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca— ‘tathā, deva, nimittāni dissanti, sve sūriyuggamanakāle caturaṅginī senā sannaddhā vammikā subhūme tiṭṭhatu, khaggā ca dhoviyantū’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā manusse āṇāpesi—‘yathā, bhaṇe, purohito brāhmaṇo āha tathā karothā’ti. Alabhi kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṁ senaṁ sannaddhaṁ vammikaṁ subhūme ṭhitaṁ passituṁ, khaggānañca dhovanaṁ pātuṁ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī tassa gabbhassa paripākamanvāya puttaṁ vijāyi. Tassa dīghāvūti nāmaṁ akaṁsu. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro nacirasseva viññutaṁ pāpuṇi.

The brahmin counselor then went to King Brahmadatta and said, ‘The omens are such, sir, that tomorrow you should have the fully equipped fourfold army arrayed on even ground at sunrise and have the swords washed.’ The king told his people to act accordingly. As a consequence, the queen was able to satisfy her craving. When she reached her term, the queen gave birth to a son. They called him Dīghāvu. Soon enough Prince Dīghāvu became self-reliant.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño etadahosi—‘ayaṁ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako, iminā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ, sacāyaṁ amhe jānissati, sabbeva tayo ghātāpessati, yannūnāhaṁ dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ bahinagare vāseyyan’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhavo, dīghīti kosalarājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ bahinagare vāsesi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro bahinagare paṭivasanto nacirasseva sabbasippāni sikkhi.

King Dīghīti thought, ‘This King Brahmadatta has caused us much misfortune; he’s taken our army, our vehicles and transport animals, and our country and wealth. If he finds out about us, he’ll kill all three of us. Let me take Prince Dīghāvu to live out of town.’ And he did just that. As he was living outside of town, Prince Dīghāvu was soon training in all branches of knowledge.

Tena kho pana samayena dīghītissa kosalarañño kappako brahmadatte kāsiraññe paṭivasati. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño kappako dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ bārāṇasiyaṁ aññatarasmiṁ paccantime okāse kumbhakāranivesane aññātakavesena paribbājakacchannena paṭivasantaṁ, disvāna yena brahmadatto kāsirājā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca— ‘dīghīti, deva, kosalarājā sapajāpatiko bārāṇasiyaṁ aññatarasmiṁ paccantime okāse kumbhakāranivesane aññātakavesena paribbājakacchannena paṭivasatī’ti.

At this time King Dīghīti’s old barber was living at King Brahmadatta’s court. On one occasion he saw King Dīghīti and his wife staying in that potter’s house, disguised as wanderers. He then went to King Brahmadatta and told him.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā manusse āṇāpesi—‘tena hi, bhaṇe, dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ ānethā’ti. ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, te manussā brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ ānesuṁ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā manusse āṇāpesi— ‘tena hi, bhaṇe, dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa catudhā chinditvā catuddisā bilāni nikkhipathā’ti. ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, te manussā brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinenti.

The king ordered his people to get King Dīghīti and his wife. When they had done so, he said, ‘Bind their arms behind their backs with a strong rope and shave their heads. Parade them from street to street and square to square to the beat of a harsh drum. Then take them out of town through the southern gate, cut them in four, and place the pieces at the four directions.’ Saying, ‘Yes, sir,’ they bound and shaved King Dīghīti and his wife, and paraded them as instructed.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi—‘ciraṁdiṭṭhā kho me mātāpitaro. Yannūnāhaṁ mātāpitaro passeyyan’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro bārāṇasiṁ pavisitvā addasa mātāpitaro daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinente, disvāna yena mātāpitaro tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ; disvāna dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca— ‘mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti.

Just then Prince Dīghāvu thought, ‘I haven’t seen my parents for a long time. Why don’t I pay them a visit?’ When he entered Benares, he saw what was happening to his parents. As he approached them, King Dīghīti said to him, ‘My dear Dīghāvu, see neither long nor short. For hatred never ends through hatred; hatred only ends through love.’

Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, te manussā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ etadavocuṁ—‘ummattako ayaṁ dīghīti kosalarājā vippalapati. Ko imassa dīghāvu? Kaṁ ayaṁ evamāha—mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti. ‘Nāhaṁ, bhaṇe, ummattako vippalapāmi, api ca yo viññū so vibhāvessatī’ti. Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave …pe… tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca— ‘mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti. Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, te manussā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ etadavocuṁ— ‘ummattako ayaṁ dīghīti kosalarājā vippalapati. Ko imassa dīghāvu? Kaṁ ayaṁ evamāha— “mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”’ti. ‘Nāhaṁ, bhaṇe, ummattako vippalapāmi, api ca yo viññū so vibhāvessatī’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, te manussā dīghītiṁ kosalarājānaṁ sapajāpatikaṁ rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa catudhā chinditvā catuddisā bilāni nikkhipitvā gumbaṁ ṭhapetvā pakkamiṁsu.

The people there said to King Dīghīti, ‘You’re insane, King Dīghīti, you’re babbling. Who’s Dīghāvu? Who are you saying this to?’ ‘I’m not insane, I’m not babbling. The wise will understand.’ King Dīghīti repeated what he had said to the prince a second and a third time, and the people there reacted as before. Then, when the parading was finished, they took King Dīghīti and his wife through the southern gate and cut them in four. They placed the pieces at the four directions, set up guard, and departed.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro bārāṇasiṁ pavisitvā suraṁ nīharitvā gumbiye pāyesi. Yadā te mattā ahesuṁ patitā, atha kaṭṭhāni saṅkaḍḍhitvā citakaṁ karitvā mātāpitūnaṁ sarīraṁ citakaṁ āropetvā aggiṁ datvā pañjaliko tikkhattuṁ citakaṁ padakkhiṇaṁ akāsi. Tena kho pana samayena brahmadatto kāsirājā uparipāsādavaragato hoti. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ pañjalikaṁ tikkhattuṁ citakaṁ padakkhiṇaṁ karontaṁ, disvānassa etadahosi— ‘nissaṁsayaṁ kho so manusso dīghītissa kosalarañño ñāti vā sālohito vā, aho me anatthato, na hi nāma me koci ārocessatī’ti.

Prince Dīghāvu entered Benares, brought back some alcohol, and gave it to the guards. When they were lying drunken on the ground, he collected sticks, built a funeral pyre, and placed his parents’ remains on top. He then lit the pyre, and raising his joined palms, he circumambulated it with his right side toward it. Just then King Brahmadatta was up in his finest stilt house, and he saw Prince Dīghāvu doing those funeral rites. He thought, ‘No doubt this is a relative of King Dīghīti. This is surely a sign of trouble for me, in that nobody has told me.’

Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro araññaṁ gantvā yāvadatthaṁ kanditvā roditvā khappaṁ puñchitvā bārāṇasiṁ pavisitvā antepurassa sāmantā hatthisālaṁ gantvā hatthācariyaṁ etadavoca— ‘icchāmahaṁ, ācariya, sippaṁ sikkhitun’ti. ‘Tena hi, bhaṇe māṇavaka, sikkhassū’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesi. Assosi kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gītaṁ vīṇañca vāditaṁ, sutvāna manusse pucchi—

The prince then went into the wilderness and cried his heart out. Wiping away his tears, he entered Benares and went to the elephant stables next to the royal compound. He said to the elephant trainer, ‘Teacher, I wish to learn your profession.’ ‘Well then, young brahmin, I’ll teach you.’ Soon the prince was getting up early in the morning, singing sweetly and playing his lute in the elephant stables. King Brahmadatta, too, was getting up early, and he heard that music. He asked his people

‘ko, bhaṇe, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesī’ti? ‘Amukassa, deva, hatthācariyassa antevāsī māṇavako rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesī’ti. ‘Tena hi, bhaṇe, taṁ māṇavakaṁ ānethā’ti. ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, te manussā brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ ānesuṁ. ‘Tvaṁ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṁ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesī’ti? ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti. ‘Tena hi tvaṁ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, gāyassu, vīṇañca vādehī’ti. ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā ārādhāpekkho mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesi. ‘Tvaṁ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, maṁ upaṭṭhahā’ti. ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paccassosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño pubbuṭṭhāyī ahosi pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ nacirasseva abbhantarime vissāsikaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.

who it was. They replied that it was a young brahmin who was an apprentice of such-and-such an elephant trainer. ‘Well then, bring him here.’ They brought the prince, and the king asked him whether he was the one who had been singing and playing the lute. When the prince confirmed that it was he, the king said, ‘Well then, sing and play right here.’ Dīghāvu consented and did his best to please the king. The king said, ‘Now then, young man, please attend on me.’ The prince agreed. The prince then got up before the king and went to bed after him. He willingly performed any services and was pleasant in his conduct and speech. Soon the king put the prince in an intimate position of trust.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca— ‘tena hi, bhaṇe māṇavaka, rathaṁ yojehi, migavaṁ gamissāmā’ti. ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā rathaṁ yojetvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca— ‘yutto kho te, deva, ratho, yassadāni kālaṁ maññasī’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā rathaṁ abhiruhi. Dīghāvu kumāro rathaṁ pesesi. Tathā tathā rathaṁ pesesi yathā yathā aññeneva senā agamāsi aññeneva ratho. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dūraṁ gantvā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca— ‘tena hi, bhaṇe māṇavaka, rathaṁ muñcassu, kilantomhi, nipajjissāmī’ti. ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā rathaṁ muñcitvā pathaviyaṁ pallaṅkena nisīdi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvussa kumārassa ucchaṅge sīsaṁ katvā seyyaṁ kappesi. Tassa kilantassa muhuttakeneva niddā okkami.

On one occasion the king said to the prince, ‘Listen, young man. Harness a chariot, and let’s go hunting.’ He did as asked and told the king, ‘Sir, the chariot is ready. You may leave when you’re ready.’ The king mounted the chariot, with the prince driving it. He then drove the chariot away from the army. When they had gone a long way, the king said to the prince, ‘Listen, unharness the chariot. I’m tired. I wish to lie down.’ He did as asked and then sat down cross-legged on the ground. The king lay down, resting his head on the prince’s lap. And because he was tired, he quickly fell asleep.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi— ‘ayaṁ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako. Iminā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ. Iminā ca me mātāpitaro hatā. Ayaṁ khvassa kālo yohaṁ veraṁ appeyyan’ti kosiyā khaggaṁ nibbāhi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi— ‘pitā kho maṁ maraṇakāle avaca “mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti. Na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ, yvāhaṁ pituvacanaṁ atikkameyyan’ti kosiyā khaggaṁ pavesesi. Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi— ‘ayaṁ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako, iminā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ, iminā ca me mātāpitaro hatā, ayaṁ khvassa kālo yohaṁ veraṁ appeyyan’ti kosiyā khaggaṁ nibbāhi. Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi— ‘pitā kho maṁ maraṇakāle avaca “mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ, na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti. Na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ, yvāhaṁ pituvacanaṁ atikkameyyan’ti. Punadeva kosiyā khaggaṁ pavesesi. Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi— ‘ayaṁ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako. Iminā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ. Iminā ca me mātāpitaro hatā. Ayaṁ khvassa kālo yohaṁ veraṁ appeyyan’ti kosiyā khaggaṁ nibbāhi. Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi— ‘pitā kho maṁ maraṇakāle avaca “mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti. Na kho metaṁ patirūpaṁ, yvāhaṁ pituvacanaṁ atikkameyyan’ti punadeva kosiyā khaggaṁ pavesesi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā vuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca—‘kissa tvaṁ, deva, bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā vuṭṭhāsī’ti? ‘Idha maṁ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, dīghītissa kosalarañño putto dīghāvu kumāro supinantena khaggena paripātesi. Tenāhaṁ bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā vuṭṭhāsin’ti.

The prince thought, ‘This king has caused us much misfortune. He took our army, our vehicles and transport animals, and our country and wealth. He killed my mother and father. This is my chance to take revenge.’ And he drew his sword from its scabbard. He then thought, ‘At the time of his death, my father said to me, “My dear Dīghāvu, see neither long nor short. For hatred never ends through hatred; hatred only ends through love.” It wouldn’t be right for me to ignore my father’s advice.’ And he returned the sword to its scabbard. A second and a third time he had the same thoughts, and each time he ended up returning the sword to its scabbard. Just then King Brahmadatta suddenly got up, frightened and alarmed. The prince asked him what was the matter, and the king said, ‘I just dreamed that Prince Dīghāvu, the son of Dīghīti the king of Kosala, attacked me with a sword.’

Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro vāmena hatthena brahmadattassa kāsirañño sīsaṁ parāmasitvā dakkhiṇena hatthena khaggaṁ nibbāhetvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca— ‘ahaṁ kho so, deva, dīghītissa kosalarañño putto dīghāvu kumāro. Bahuno tvaṁ amhākaṁ anatthassa kārako. Tayā amhākaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṁ. Tayā ca me mātāpitaro hatā. Ayaṁ khvassa kālo yvāhaṁ veraṁ appeyyan’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvussa kumārassa pādesu sirasā nipatitvā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca— ‘jīvitaṁ me, tāta dīghāvu, dehi. Jīvitaṁ me, tāta dīghāvu, dehī’ti. ‘Kyāhaṁ ussahāmi devassa jīvitaṁ dātuṁ? Devo kho me jīvitaṁ dadeyyā’ti. ‘Tena hi, tāta dīghāvu, tvañceva me jīvitaṁ dehi, ahañca te jīvitaṁ dammī’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto ca kāsirājā dīghāvu ca kumāro aññamaññassa jīvitaṁ adaṁsu, pāṇiñca aggahesuṁ, sapathañca akaṁsu addūbhāya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca— ‘tena hi, tāta dīghāvu, rathaṁ yojehi, gamissāmā’ti. ‘Evaṁ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā rathaṁ yojetvā brahmadattaṁ kāsirājānaṁ etadavoca— ‘yutto kho te, deva, ratho, yassadāni kālaṁ maññasī’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā rathaṁ abhiruhi. Dīghāvu kumāro rathaṁ pesesi. Tathā tathā rathaṁ pesesi yathā yathā nacirasseva senāya samāgañchi.

Seizing the king’s head with his left hand and drawing his sword with his right hand, the prince said to the king, ‘Sir, I’m that Prince Dīghāvu, the son of Dīghīti the king of Kosala. You’ve caused us much misfortune. You took our army, our vehicles and transport animals, and our country and wealth. You killed my mother and father. This is my chance to take revenge.’ The king bowed down with his head at the prince’s feet and said, ‘Dear Dīghāvu, please spare my life.’ ‘Who am I to spare your life? Sir, it’s you who should spare mine.’ ‘Well then, Dīghāvu, if you spare my life, I’ll spare yours.’ The king and Dīghāvu spared each other’s lives. They shook hands and made a vow not to harm one another. The king said to the prince, ‘Well then, Dīghāvu, harness the chariot and let’s go.’ He did as asked and told to the king, ‘Sir, the chariot is ready. You may leave when you’re ready.’ The king mounted the chariot, with the prince driving it. And he drove it so that it soon rejoined the army.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā bārāṇasiṁ pavisitvā amacce pārisajje sannipātāpetvā etadavoca— ‘sace, bhaṇe, dīghītissa kosalarañño puttaṁ dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ passeyyātha, kinti naṁ kareyyāthā’ti? Ekacce evamāhaṁsu— ‘mayaṁ, deva, hatthe chindeyyāma. Mayaṁ, deva, pāde chindeyyāma. Mayaṁ, deva, hatthapāde chindeyyāma. Mayaṁ, deva, kaṇṇe chindeyyāma. Mayaṁ, deva, nāsaṁ chindeyyāma. Mayaṁ, deva, kaṇṇanāsaṁ chindeyyāma. Mayaṁ, deva, sīsaṁ chindeyyāmā’ti. ‘Ayaṁ kho, bhaṇe, dīghītissa kosalarañño putto dīghāvu kumāro. Nāyaṁ labbhā kiñci kātuṁ. Iminā ca me jīvitaṁ dinnaṁ, mayā ca imassa jīvitaṁ dinnan’ti.

When he was back in Benares, the king gathered his court and said, ‘Now, let me ask you: if you saw Prince Dīghāvu, the son of Dīghīti the king of Kosala, what would you do to him?’ They variously replied, ‘Sir, we’d cut off his hands;’ ‘We’d cut off his feet;’ ‘We’d cut off both his hands and feet;’ ‘We’d cut off his ears;’ ‘We’d cut off his nose;’ ‘We’d cut off both his ears and nose;’ ‘We’d cut off his head.’ ‘Well, this is Prince Dīghāvu, the son of Dīghīti the king of Kosala. You shouldn’t do anything to harm him. I’ve spared his life and he’s spared mine.’

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṁ kumāraṁ etadavoca— ‘yaṁ kho te, tāta dīghāvu, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā kho tvaṁ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṁ passa, mā rassaṁ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti, kiṁ te pitā sandhāya avacā’ti? ‘Yaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā dīghan”ti mā ciraṁ veraṁ akāsīti. Imaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā dīghan”ti. Yaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā rassan”ti mā khippaṁ mittehi bhijjitthāti. Imaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “mā rassan”ti. Yaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca “na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti, averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”ti devena me mātāpitaro hatāti. Sacāhaṁ devaṁ jīvitā voropeyyaṁ, ye devassa atthakāmā te maṁ jīvitā voropeyyuṁ, ye me atthakāmā te te jīvitā voropeyyuṁ— evaṁ taṁ veraṁ verena na vūpasameyya. Idāni ca pana me devena jīvitaṁ dinnaṁ, mayā ca devassa jīvitaṁ dinnaṁ. Evaṁ taṁ veraṁ averena vūpasantaṁ. Imaṁ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca— “na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī”’ti.

Soon afterwards the king said to Dīghāvu, ‘Dīghāvu, what’s the meaning of that which your father told you at the time of his death?’ ‘When he said, “Not long,” he meant, “Don’t harbor hate for a long time.” When he said, “Not short,” he meant, “Don’t hastily break with your friends.” And when he said, “For hatred never ends through hatred; hatred only ends through love,” he was referring to your killing of my mother and father. For if I had killed you, those who wish you well would’ve killed me, and those who wish me well would in turn have killed them. In this way the hatred would never end through hatred. But now you’ve spared my life and I’ve spared yours. In this way hatred ends through love.’

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā— ‘acchariyaṁ vata bho, abbhutaṁ vata bho. Yāva paṇḍito ayaṁ dīghāvu kumāro, yatra hi nāma pituno saṅkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṁ ājānissatī’ti pettikaṁ balañca vāhanañca janapadañca kosañca koṭṭhāgārañca paṭipādesi, dhītarañca adāsi. Tesañhi nāma, bhikkhave, rājūnaṁ ādinnadaṇḍānaṁ ādinnasatthānaṁ evarūpaṁ khantisoraccaṁ bhavissati. Idha kho pana taṁ, bhikkhave, sobhetha yaṁ tumhe evaṁ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā khamā ca bhaveyyātha soratā cā”ti? Tatiyampi kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca— “alaṁ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṁ mā kalahaṁ mā viggahaṁ mā vivādan”ti. Tatiyampi kho so adhammavādī bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “āgametu, bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī; appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharatu. Mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā”ti. Atha kho bhagavā— “pariyādinnarūpā kho ime moghapurisā, nayime sukarā saññāpetun”ti— uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

The king thought, ‘It’s amazing how wise Dīghāvu is, as he’s able to fully understand the meaning of his father’s brief statement.’ He gave him back his father’s army, his vehicles and transport animals, and his country and wealth. And he also gave him his own daughter. “In this way, monks, those kings who had the authority to punish were actually patient and gentle. But right here, you who’ve gone forth on this well-proclaimed spiritual path, do you shine with your patience and gentleness?” A third time the Buddha said to those monks, “Enough, monks, don’t quarrel and dispute.” And a third time that monk who spoke contrary to the Teaching replied, “Wait, sir, you’re the Lord of the Teaching. Be at ease and enjoy the happiness of meditation. We’ll face the consequences of this quarreling and disputing.” The Buddha thought, “These foolish men are consumed by emotions. It’s not easy to persuade them,” and he got up from his seat and left.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kosambiyaṁ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto senāsanaṁ saṁsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya saṅghamajjhe ṭhitakova imā gāthāyo abhāsi— “Puthusaddo samajano, na bālo koci maññatha; Saṅghasmiṁ bhijjamānasmiṁ, nāññaṁ bhiyyo amaññaruṁ. Parimuṭṭhā paṇḍitābhāsā, vācāgocarabhāṇino; Yāvicchanti mukhāyāmaṁ, yena nītā na taṁ vidū. Akkocchi maṁ avadhi maṁ, ajini maṁ ahāsi me; Ye ca taṁ upanayhanti, veraṁ tesaṁ na sammati. Akkocchi maṁ avadhi maṁ, ajini maṁ ahāsi me; Ye ca taṁ nupanayhanti, veraṁ tesūpasammati. Na hi verena verāni, sammantīdha kudācanaṁ; Averena ca sammanti, esadhammo sanantano. Pare ca na vijānanti, mayamettha yamāmase; Ye ca tattha vijānanti, tato sammanti medhagā. Aṭṭhicchinnā pāṇaharā, gavāssadhanahārino; Raṭṭhaṁ vilumpamānānaṁ, tesampi hoti saṅgati. Kasmā tumhāka no siyā. Sace labhetha nipakaṁ sahāyaṁ, Saddhiñcaraṁ sādhuvihāri dhīraṁ; Abhibhuyya sabbāni parissayāni, Careyya tenattamano satīmā. No ce labhetha nipakaṁ sahāyaṁ, Saddhiñcaraṁ sādhuvihāri dhīraṁ; Rājāva raṭṭhaṁ vijitaṁ pahāya, Eko care mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo. Ekassa caritaṁ seyyo, Natthi bāle sahāyatā; Eko care na ca pāpāni kayirā, Appossukko mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo”ti.

Then, after robing up in the morning, the Buddha took his bowl and robe and entered Kosambī for alms. When he had completed his almsround, eaten his meal, and returned, he put his dwelling in order. He then took his bowl and robe, and while standing in the midst of the Sangha, he spoke these verses: “When many voices shout at once, No one thinks they are a fool. Even as the Sangha splits, They do not think it through. Forgetting to speak wisely, They are obsessed by speech; Saying whatever they like, They don’t know what leads them on. ‘They abused me, they hit me, They defeated me, they robbed me.’ For those who carry on like this, Hatred cannot end. ‘They abused me, they hit me, They defeated me, they robbed me.’ For those who do not carry on like this, Hatred has an end. For never does hatred End through hatred; Only through love does it end— This is an ancient law. Others do not know That here we need restraint; But there are those there who know, That quarrels end like this. Those breaking bones and killing, Those taking cows, horses, and wealth, Those plundering the country, Even they can stay together— Why then cannot you? If you find a discerning friend, A steadfast companion, good to live with, Then overcome all problems, And go with them, glad and mindful. If you do not find a discerning friend, A steadfast companion, good to live with, Then like a king giving up his kingdom, Wander alone like a mighty elephant in the forest. It’s better to wander alone, For there is no friendship with fools. Wander alone and do no bad, Unconcerned, like a mighty elephant in the forest.”

3. Bālakaloṇakagamanakathā

Atha kho bhagavā saṅghamajjhe ṭhitakova imā gāthāyo bhāsitvā yena bālakaloṇakagāmo tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā bhagu bālakaloṇakagāme viharati. Addasā kho āyasmā bhagu bhagavantaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ, disvāna āsanaṁ paññapesi, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipi, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahesi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane, nisajja kho bhagavā pāde pakkhālesi. Āyasmāpi kho bhagu bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho āyasmantaṁ bhaguṁ bhagavā etadavoca— “kacci, bhikkhu, khamanīyaṁ; kacci yāpanīyaṁ, kacci piṇḍakena na kilamasī”ti? “Khamanīyaṁ, bhagavā, yāpanīyaṁ, bhagavā; na cāhaṁ, bhante, piṇḍakena kilamāmī”ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṁ bhaguṁ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṁsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena pācīnavaṁsadāyo tenupasaṅkami.

3. The account of going to Bālakaloṇaka

After speaking these verses, the Buddha went to the village of Bālakaloṇaka. At that time Venerable Bhagu was staying near that village. When Bhagu saw the Buddha coming, he prepared a seat and set out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He then went out to meet the Buddha, receiving his bowl and robe. The Buddha sat down on the prepared seat and washed his feet. When Bhagu had bowed and sat down, the Buddha said to him, “I hope you’re keeping well, monk, I hope you’re getting by? I hope you’re not having any trouble getting almsfood?” “I’m keeping well, sir, I’m getting by. I’m having no trouble getting almsfood.” The Buddha instructed, inspired, and gladdened Bhagu with a teaching. He then got up from his seat and went to the Eastern Bamboo Park.

4. Pācīnavaṁsadāyagamanakathā

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo pācīnavaṁsadāye viharanti. Addasā kho dāyapālo bhagavantaṁ dūratova āgacchantaṁ, disvāna bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “mā, samaṇa, etaṁ dāyaṁ pāvisi. Santettha tayo kulaputtā attakāmarūpā viharanti. Mā tesaṁ aphāsumakāsī”ti. Assosi kho āyasmā anuruddho dāyapālassa bhagavatā saddhiṁ mantayamānassa, sutvāna dāyapālaṁ etadavoca— “māvuso dāyapāla, bhagavantaṁ vāresi. Satthā no bhagavā anuppatto”ti. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho yenāyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantañca nandiyaṁ āyasmantañca kimilaṁ etadavoca— “abhikkamathāyasmanto abhikkamathāyasmanto, satthā no bhagavā anuppatto”ti.

4. The account of going to the Eastern Bamboo Park

At this time Venerable Anuruddha, Venerable Nandiya, and Venerable Kimila were staying at the Eastern Bamboo Park. The park keeper saw the Buddha coming and said to him, “Ascetic, don’t enter this park. There are three gentlemen here, practicing for their own good. Please, don’t disturb them.” When Anuruddha heard the park keeper advising the Buddha, he said, “Please don’t block the Buddha. It’s our teacher who’s arrived.” Anuruddha then went to Nandiya and Kimila and said, “Come out, venerables, our teacher has arrived.”

Atha kho āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo bhagavantaṁ paccuggantvā eko bhagavato pattacīvaraṁ paṭiggahesi, eko āsanaṁ paññapesi, eko pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane, nisajja kho bhagavā pāde pakkhālesi. Tepi kho āyasmanto bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho āyasmantaṁ anuruddhaṁ bhagavā etadavoca— “kacci vo, anuruddhā, khamanīyaṁ, kacci yāpanīyaṁ; kacci piṇḍakena na kilamathā”ti? “Khamanīyaṁ, bhagavā, yāpanīyaṁ, bhagavā; na ca mayaṁ, bhante, piṇḍakena kilamāmā”ti. “Kacci pana vo, anuruddhā, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṁ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharathā”ti? “Taggha mayaṁ, bhante, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṁ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharāmā”ti. “Yathā kathaṁ pana tumhe, anuruddhā, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṁ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharathā”ti?

The three of them went out to meet the Buddha. One received his bowl and robe, one prepared a seat, and one put out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. The Buddha sat down on the prepared seat and washed his feet. When they had bowed and sat down, the Buddha said to them, “I hope you’re all keeping well, Anuruddha, I hope you’re getting by? I hope you’re not having any trouble getting almsfood?” “We’re keeping well, sir, we’re getting by. We’re not having any trouble getting almsfood.” “I hope you’re living together in peace and harmony, blending like milk and water, and regarding one another with affection?” “Yes, we are.” “And how do you do this?”

“Idha mayhaṁ, bhante, evaṁ hoti— ‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṁ vata me, yohaṁ evarūpehi sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṁ viharāmī’ti. Tassa mayhaṁ, bhante, imesu āyasmantesu mettaṁ kāyakammaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ āvi ceva raho ca; mettaṁ vacīkammaṁ … mettaṁ manokammaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ āvi ceva raho ca. Tassa mayhaṁ, bhante, evaṁ hoti— ‘yannūnāhaṁ sakaṁ cittaṁ nikkhipitvā imesaṁyeva āyasmantānaṁ cittassa vasena vatteyyan’ti. So kho ahaṁ, bhante, sakaṁ cittaṁ nikkhipitvā imesaṁyeva āyasmantānaṁ cittassa vasena vattāmi. Nānā hi kho no, bhante, kāyā, ekañca pana maññe cittan”ti. Āyasmāpi kho nandiyo …pe… āyasmāpi kho kimilo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “mayhampi kho, bhante, evaṁ hoti— ‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṁ vata me, yohaṁ evarūpehi sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṁ viharāmī’ti. Tassa mayhaṁ, bhante, imesu āyasmantesu mettaṁ kāyakammaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ āvi ceva raho ca; mettaṁ vacīkammaṁ mettaṁ manokammaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ āvi ceva raho ca. Tassa mayhaṁ, bhante, evaṁ hoti— ‘yannūnāhaṁ sakaṁ cittaṁ nikkhipitvā imesaṁyeva āyasmantānaṁ cittassa vasena vatteyyan’ti. So kho ahaṁ, bhante, sakaṁ cittaṁ nikkhipitvā imesaṁyeva āyasmantānaṁ cittassa vasena vattāmi. Nānā hi kho no, bhante, kāyā, ekañca pana maññe cittanti. Evaṁ kho mayaṁ, bhante, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṁ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharāmā”ti.

“I think like this: ‘How fortunate I am to be living with such fellow monastics!’ And I do acts of good will toward them by body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private. I think, ‘Why don’t I set aside what I wish to do and instead do what these venerables wish?’ And that’s what I do. We’re separate in body, but it might seem as if we’re one in mind.” Nandiya and Kimila then repeated what Anuruddha had said.

“Kacci pana vo, anuruddhā, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathā”ti? “Taggha mayaṁ, bhante, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāmā”ti. “Yathā kathaṁ pana tumhe, anuruddhā, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathā”ti? “Idha, bhante, amhākaṁ yo paṭhamaṁ gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati so āsanaṁ paññapeti, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ upanikkhipati, avakkārapātiṁ dhovitvā upaṭṭhāpeti, pānīyaṁ paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpeti. Yo pacchā gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, sace hoti bhuttāvaseso, sace ākaṅkhati bhuñjati, no ce ākaṅkhati appaharite vā chaḍḍeti. Appāṇake vā udake opilāpeti. So āsanaṁ uddharati, pādodakaṁ pādapīṭhaṁ pādakathalikaṁ paṭisāmeti, avakkārapātiṁ dhovitvā paṭisāmeti, pānīyaṁ paribhojanīyaṁ paṭisāmeti, bhattaggaṁ sammajjati. Yo passati pānīyaghaṭaṁ vā paribhojanīyaghaṭaṁ vā vaccaghaṭaṁ vā rittaṁ tucchaṁ so upaṭṭhāpeti. Sacassa hoti avisayhaṁ, hatthavikārena dutiyaṁ āmantetvā hatthavilaṅghakena upaṭṭhāpema, na tveva mayaṁ, bhante, tappaccayā vācaṁ bhindāma. Pañcāhikaṁ kho pana mayaṁ, bhante, sabbarattiṁ dhammiyā kathāya sannisīdāma. Evaṁ kho mayaṁ, bhante, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāmā”ti.

“I hope, Anuruddha, that you’re heedful and energetic?” “Yes, sir, we are.” “And how is it that you’re heedful and energetic?” “Whoever returns first from almsround in the village, he prepares the seats and sets out a foot stool, a foot scraper, and water for washing the feet. He washes the bowl for leftovers and puts it back out, and sets out water for drinking and water for washing. Whoever returns last from almsround may eat the leftovers, or he discards them where there are no cultivated plants or in water without life. He puts away the seats and also the foot stool, the foot scraper, and the water for washing the feet. He washes the bowl for leftovers and puts it away, puts away the water for drinking and the water for washing, and sweeps the dining hall. Whoever sees that the pot for drinking water, the pot for washing water, or the waterpot in the restroom is empty fills it. If he can’t do it by himself, he calls someone over by hand signal, and they move it together. We don’t speak because of that. And every five days we sit together the whole night to discuss the Teaching.”

5. Pālileyyakagamanakathā

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantañca anuruddhaṁ āyasmantañca nandiyaṁ āyasmantañca kimilaṁ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṁsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena pālileyyakaṁ tena cārikaṁ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena pālileyyakaṁ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ bhagavā pālileyyake viharati rakkhitavanasaṇḍe bhaddasālamūle. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi— “ahaṁ kho pubbe ākiṇṇo na phāsu vihāsiṁ tehi kosambakehi bhikkhūhi bhaṇḍanakārakehi kalahakārakehi vivādakārakehi bhassakārakehi saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakehi. Somhi etarahi eko adutiyo sukhaṁ phāsu viharāmi aññatreva tehi kosambakehi bhikkhūhi bhaṇḍanakārakehi kalahakārakehi vivādakārakehi bhassakārakehi saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakehī”ti. Aññataropi kho hatthināgo ākiṇṇo viharati hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikaḷabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādati, obhaggobhaggañcassa sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādanti, āvilāni ca pānīyāni pivati, ogāhā cassa otiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo gacchanti. Atha kho tassa hatthināgassa etadahosi— “ahaṁ kho ākiṇṇo viharāmi hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikaḷabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādāmi, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādanti, āvilāni ca pānīyāni pivāmi, ogāhā ca me otiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo gacchanti. Yannūnāhaṁ ekova gaṇasmā vūpakaṭṭho vihareyyan”ti.

5. The account of going to Pālileyyaka

The Buddha then instructed, inspired, and gladdened Venerable Anuruddha, Venerable Nandiya, and Venerable Kimila with a teaching. He then got up from his seat and set out wandering toward Pālileyyaka. When he eventually arrived, he stayed in a protected forest grove, at the foot of an auspicious sal tree. Then, while he was reflecting in private, the Buddha thought, “Previously, when I was surrounded by those quarreling monks at Kosambī, I wasn’t at ease. But now that I’m alone, away from those monks, I’m happy and at ease.” At that time there was a large bull elephant who lived surrounded by a herd—by males and females, by juveniles and babies. He ate grass with the tips broken off and drank muddy water. Other elephants ate the branches that he had pulled down. And when he was immersed in a pool, the female elephants came rubbing their bodies against his. He considered this and thought, “Why don’t I leave the herd and stay by myself?”

Atha kho so hatthināgo yūthā apakkamma yena pālileyyakaṁ rakkhitavanasaṇḍo bhaddasālamūlaṁ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā soṇḍāya bhagavato pānīyaṁ paribhojanīyaṁ upaṭṭhāpeti, appaharitañca karoti. Atha kho tassa hatthināgassa etadahosi— “ahaṁ kho pubbe ākiṇṇo na phāsu vihāsiṁ hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikaḷabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādiṁ, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṁ khādiṁsu, āvilāni ca pānīyāni apāyiṁ ogāhā ca me otiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṁ upanighaṁsantiyo agamaṁsu. Somhi etarahi eko adutiyo sukhaṁ phāsu viharāmi aññatreva hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikaḷabhehi hatthicchāpehī”ti. Atha kho bhagavā attano ca pavivekaṁ viditvā tassa ca hatthināgassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya tāyaṁ velāyaṁ imaṁ udānaṁ udānesi— “Etaṁ nāgassa nāgena, īsādantassa hatthino; Sameti cittaṁ cittena, yadeko ramatī vane”ti.

He then left the herd and went to Pālileyyaka, to where the Buddha was at the foot of the auspicious sal tree. And he attended on the Buddha, using his trunk to set out water for drinking and water for washing, and to clear the vegetation. He thought, “Previously, when I was surrounded by the other elephants, I wasn’t at ease. But now that I’m alone, away from those elephants, I’m happy and at ease.” After considering his own seclusion and reading the mind of the elephant, the Buddha uttered a heartfelt exclamation: “The mind of this mighty elephant, With tusks like chariot poles, Agrees with the mind of the Sage, Since they each delight in the forest solitude.”

Atha kho bhagavā pālileyyake yathābhirantaṁ viharitvā yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṁ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṁ caramāno yena sāvatthi tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho kosambakā upāsakā— “ime kho ayyā kosambakā bhikkhū bahuno amhākaṁ anatthassa kārakā. Imehi ubbāḷho bhagavā pakkanto. Handa mayaṁ ayye kosambake bhikkhū neva abhivādeyyāma, na paccuṭṭheyyāma, na añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ kareyyāma, na sakkareyyāma, na garuṁ kareyyāma, na māneyyāma, na bhajeyyāma, na pūjeyyāma, upagatānampi piṇḍakaṁ na dajjeyyāma— evaṁ ime amhehi asakkariyamānā agarukariyamānā amāniyamānā abhajiyamānā apūjiyamānā asakkārapakatā pakkamissanti vā vibbhamissanti vā bhagavantaṁ vā pasādessantī”ti.

When the Buddha had stayed at Pālileyyaka for as long as he liked, he set out wandering toward Sāvatthī. When he eventually arrived, he stayed in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. Soon the lay followers in Kosambī considered, “These venerable monks at Kosambī have caused us much misfortune. The Buddha himself left because he was troubled by them. Well then, let’s not bow down, rise up, raise our joined palms, or do acts of respect toward them. And let’s not honor, respect, esteem, or associate with them, nor give them almsfood. Then, they’ll either leave, disrobe, or reconcile with the Buddha.”

Atha kho kosambakā upāsakā kosambake bhikkhū neva abhivādesuṁ, na paccuṭṭhesuṁ, na añjalikammaṁ sāmīcikammaṁ akaṁsu, na sakkariṁsu, na garuṁ kariṁsu, na mānesuṁ, na bhajesuṁ, na pūjesuṁ, upagatānampi piṇḍakaṁ na adaṁsu. Atha kho kosambakā bhikkhū kosambakehi upāsakehi asakkariyamānā agarukariyamānā amāniyamānā abhajiyamānā apūjiyamānā asakkārapakatā evamāhaṁsu— “handa mayaṁ, āvuso, sāvatthiṁ gantvā bhagavato santike imaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasameyyāmā”ti.

And they did just that. Soon the monks at Kosambī said, “Well then, let’s go to Sāvatthī and resolve this legal issue in the presence of the Buddha.”

6. Aṭṭhārasavatthukathā

Atha kho kosambakā bhikkhū senāsanaṁ saṁsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sāvatthi tenupasaṅkamiṁsu.

6. The account of the eighteen grounds

The monks at Kosambī put their dwellings in order, took their bowls and robes, and went to Sāvatthī.

Assosi kho āyasmā sāriputto— “te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti? “Tena hi tvaṁ, sāriputta, yathā dhammo tathā tiṭṭhāhī”ti. “Kathāhaṁ, bhante, jāneyyaṁ dhammaṁ vā adhammaṁ vā”ti?

When Venerable Sāriputta heard that they were coming, he went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and told him, adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?” “Take your stand in accordance with the Teaching.” “And how do I know what accords with the Teaching and what doesn’t?”

“Aṭṭhārasahi kho, sāriputta, vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo. Idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu adhammaṁ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṁ adhammoti dīpeti; avinayaṁ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṁ avinayoti dīpeti; abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; apaññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāpattiṁ āpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṁ anāpattīti dīpeti; lahukaṁ āpattiṁ garukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṁ āpattiṁ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti; sāvasesaṁ āpattiṁ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṁ āpattiṁ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti; duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti— imehi kho, sāriputta, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo.

“There are eighteen grounds for knowing that someone is speaking contrary to the Teaching: A monk proclaims what’s contrary to the Teaching as being in accordance with it, and what’s in accordance with the Teaching as contrary to it. He proclaims what’s contrary to the Monastic Law as being in accordance with it, and what’s in accordance with the Monastic Law as contrary to it. He proclaims what hasn’t been spoken by the Buddha as spoken by him, and what’s been spoken by the Buddha as not spoken by him. He proclaims what wasn’t practiced by the Buddha as practiced by him, and what was practiced by the Buddha as not practiced by him. He proclaims what wasn’t laid down by the Buddha as laid down by him, and what was laid down by the Buddha as not laid down by him. He proclaims a non-offense as an offense, and an offense as a non-offense. He proclaims a light offense as heavy, and a heavy offense as light. He proclaims a curable offense as incurable, and an incurable offense as curable. He proclaims a grave offense as minor, and a minor offense as grave.

Aṭṭhārasahi ca kho, sāriputta, vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo. Idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu adhammaṁ adhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṁ dhammoti dīpeti; avinayaṁ avinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṁ vinayoti dīpeti; abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; apaññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāpattiṁ anāpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṁ āpattīti dīpeti; lahukaṁ āpattiṁ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṁ āpattiṁ garukā āpattīti dīpeti; sāvasesaṁ āpattiṁ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṁ āpattiṁ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti; duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti— imehi kho, sāriputta, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo”ti.

And there are eighteen grounds for knowing that someone is speaking in accordance with the Teaching: A monk proclaims what’s contrary to the Teaching as such, and what’s in accordance with the Teaching as such. He proclaims what’s contrary to the Monastic Law as such, and what’s in accordance with the Monastic Law as such. He proclaims what hasn’t been spoken by the Buddha as such, and what’s been spoken by the Buddha as such. He proclaims what wasn’t practiced by the Buddha as such, and what was practiced by the Buddha as such. He proclaims what wasn’t laid down by the Buddha as such, and what was laid down by the Buddha as such. He proclaims a non-offense as such, and an offense as such. He proclaims a light offense as light, and a heavy offense as heavy. He proclaims a curable offense as curable, and an incurable offense as incurable. He proclaims a grave offense as grave, and a minor offense as minor.”

Assosi kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno …pe… assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo … assosi kho āyasmā mahākaccāno … assosi kho āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko … assosi kho āyasmā mahākappino … assosi kho āyasmā mahācundo … assosi kho āyasmā anuruddho … assosi kho āyasmā revato … assosi kho āyasmā upāli … assosi kho āyasmā ānando … assosi kho āyasmā rāhulo— “te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti. Atha kho āyasmā rāhulo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā rāhulo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti? “Tena hi tvaṁ, rāhula, yathā dhammo tathā tiṭṭhāhī”ti. “Kathāhaṁ, bhante, jāneyyaṁ dhammaṁ vā adhammaṁ vā”ti? “Aṭṭhārasahi kho, rāhula, vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo. Idha, rāhula, bhikkhu adhammaṁ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṁ adhammoti dīpeti; avinayaṁ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṁ avinayoti dīpeti; abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; apaññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāpattiṁ āpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṁ anāpattīti dīpeti; lahukaṁ āpattiṁ garukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṁ āpattiṁ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti; sāvasesaṁ āpattiṁ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṁ āpattiṁ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti; duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti— imehi kho, rāhula, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo. Aṭṭhārasahi ca kho, rāhula, vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo. Idha, rāhula, bhikkhu adhammaṁ adhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṁ dhammoti dīpeti; avinayaṁ avinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṁ vinayoti dīpeti; abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatena abhāsitaṁ alapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatena bhāsitaṁ lapitaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; apaññattaṁ tathāgatena apaññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṁ tathāgatena paññattaṁ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāpattiṁ anāpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṁ āpattīti dīpeti; lahukaṁ āpattiṁ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṁ āpattiṁ garukā āpattīti dīpeti; sāvasesaṁ āpattiṁ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṁ āpattiṁ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti; duṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṁ āpattiṁ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti— imehi kho, rāhula, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo”ti.

When Venerable Mahāmoggallāna heard … When Venerable Mahākassapa heard … When Venerable Mahākaccāna heard … When Venerable Mahākoṭṭhika heard … When Venerable Mahākappina heard … When Venerable Mahācunda heard … When Venerable Anuruddha heard … When Venerable Revata heard … When Venerable Upāli heard … When Venerable Ānanda heard … When Venerable Rāhula heard that they were coming, he too went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and told him, adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?” “Take your stand in accordance with the Teaching.” “And how do I know what accords with the Teaching and what doesn’t?” The Buddha told him, too, about the eighteen grounds for knowing that someone is speaking contrary to the Teaching and the eighteen grounds for knowing that someone is speaking in accordance with the Teaching.

Assosi kho mahāpajāpati gotamī— “te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti. Atha kho mahāpajāpati gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti? “Tena hi tvaṁ, gotami, ubhayattha dhammaṁ suṇa. Ubhayattha dhammaṁ sutvā ye tattha bhikkhū dhammavādino tesaṁ diṭṭhiñca khantiñca ruciñca ādāyañca rocehi. Yañca kiñci bhikkhunisaṅghena bhikkhusaṅghato paccāsīsitabbaṁ sabbaṁ taṁ dhammavāditova paccāsīsitabban”ti.

When Mahāpajāpati Gotamī heard that they were coming, she too went to the Buddha, bowed, and told him, adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?” “Well, Gotamī, listen to the teaching from both sides. Then approve of the views, beliefs, and persuasion of those who speak in accordance with the Teaching. And whatever support the Sangha of nuns seeks from the Sangha of monks, they should get it all from those who speak in accordance with the Teaching.”

Assosi kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati— “te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti? “Tena hi tvaṁ, gahapati, ubhayattha dānaṁ dehi. Ubhayattha dānaṁ datvā ubhayattha dhammaṁ suṇa. Ubhayattha dhammaṁ sutvā ye tattha bhikkhū dhammavādino tesaṁ diṭṭhiñca khantiñca ruciñca ādāyañca rocehī”ti.

When Anāthapiṇḍika heard that they were coming, he too went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and told him, adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?” “Well, householder, make offerings to both sides and listen to their teachings. Then approve of the views, beliefs, and persuasion of those who speak in accordance with the Teaching.”

Assosi kho visākhā migāramātā— “te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchantī”ti. Atha kho visākhā migāramātā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho visākhā migāramātā bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṁ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī”ti? “Tena hi tvaṁ, visākhe, ubhayattha dānaṁ dehi. Ubhayattha dānaṁ datvā ubhayattha dhammaṁ suṇa. Ubhayattha dhammaṁ sutvā ye tattha bhikkhū dhammavādino tesaṁ diṭṭhiñca khantiñca ruciñca ādāyañca rocehī”ti.

When Visākhā Migāramātā heard that they were coming, she too went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and told him, adding, “Sir, how should I act toward these monks?” “Well, Visākhā, make offerings to both sides and listen to their teachings. Then approve of the views, beliefs, and persuasion of those who speak in accordance with the Teaching.”

Atha kho kosambakā bhikkhū anupubbena yena sāvatthi tadavasaruṁ. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṁ anuppattā. Kathaṁ nu kho, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu senāsane paṭipajjitabban”ti? “Tena hi, sāriputta, vivittaṁ senāsanaṁ dātabban”ti. “Sace pana, bhante, vivittaṁ na hoti, kathaṁ paṭipajjitabban”ti? “Tena hi, sāriputta, vivittaṁ katvāpi dātabbaṁ, na tvevāhaṁ, sāriputta, kenaci pariyāyena vuḍḍhatarassa bhikkhuno senāsanaṁ paṭibāhitabbanti vadāmi. Yo paṭibāheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti. “Āmise pana, bhante, kathaṁ paṭipajjitabban”ti? “Āmisaṁ kho, sāriputta, sabbesaṁ samakaṁ bhājetabban”ti.

Eventually those monks from Kosambī arrived at Sāvatthī. Venerable Sāriputta went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and told him, adding, “How should we prepare dwellings for these monks?” “Give them dwellings in a separate place.” “But what should we do if there are no dwellings in a separate place?” “In that case, create separate resting places and then give them out. Under no circumstances, Sāriputta, should a dwelling be reserved for a more senior monk. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.” “And what should we do regarding food and requisites?” “Food and requisites should be distributed equally to everyone.”

7. Osāraṇānujānana

Atha kho tassa ukkhittakassa bhikkhuno dhammañca vinayañca paccavekkhantassa etadahosi— “āpatti esā, nesā anāpatti. Āpannomhi, namhi anāpanno. Ukkhittomhi, namhi anukkhitto. Dhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahenā”ti. Atha kho so ukkhittako bhikkhu yena ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavoca— “āpatti esā, āvuso; nesā anāpatti. Āpannomhi, namhi anāpanno. Ukkhittomhi, namhi anukkhitto. Dhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Etha maṁ āyasmanto osārethā”ti.

7. The instruction to readmit

Then that ejected monk reflected on the Teaching and the Monastic Law, and he concluded, “This is an offense and I’ve committed it. I’ve been ejected, for the legal procedure was legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand.” He went to those who were siding with him and told them what he had been thinking, adding, “Come, venerables, please readmit me.”

Atha kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū taṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ— “ayaṁ, bhante, ukkhittako bhikkhu evamāha— ‘āpatti esā, āvuso; nesā anāpatti. Āpannomhi, namhi anāpanno. Ukkhittomhi, namhi anukkhitto. Dhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Etha maṁ āyasmanto osārethā’ti. Kathaṁ nu kho, bhante, paṭipajjitabban”ti? “Āpatti esā, bhikkhave; nesā anāpatti. Āpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anāpanno. Ukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anukkhitto. Dhammikena kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Yato ca kho so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passati ca, tena hi, bhikkhave, taṁ bhikkhuṁ osārethā”ti.

They then took that monk to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and told him what had happened, adding, “Sir, what should we do now?” “This is an offense, monks, and this monk has committed it. He’s been ejected, for the legal procedure was legitimate, irreversible, and fit to stand. But since he recognizes this, he should be readmitted.”

8. Saṅghasāmaggīkathā

Atha kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū taṁ ukkhittakaṁ bhikkhuṁ osāretvā yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavocuṁ— “yasmiṁ, āvuso, vatthusmiṁ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca. Handa mayaṁ, āvuso, tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṁ karomā”ti. Atha kho te ukkhepakā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ— “te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu— ‘yasmiṁ, āvuso, vatthusmiṁ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca. Handa mayaṁ, āvuso, tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṁ karomā’ti. Kathaṁ nu kho, bhante, paṭipajjitabban”ti?

8. Discussion of unity in the Sangha

Soon afterwards the monks who had been siding with the ejected monk readmitted him. They then went to the monks who had ejected him and said, “This monk has recognized that he had committed an offense and was ejected. He’s now been readmitted. Because of this, the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, has been removed. To resolve this matter, let’s unify the Sangha.” The monks who had done the ejection went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and told him what had happened, adding, “How should we proceed with this?”

“Yato ca kho so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca, tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṁ karotu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbā. Sabbeheva ekajjhaṁ sannipatitabbaṁ gilānehi ca agilānehi ca. Na kehici chando dātabbo. Sannipatitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yasmiṁ vatthusmiṁ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṁ kareyya. Esā ñatti. Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yasmiṁ vatthusmiṁ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca. Saṅgho tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti. Yassāyasmato khamati tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiyā karaṇaṁ, so tuṇhassa, yassa nakkhamati so bhāseyya. Katā saṅghena tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggī. Nihato saṅghabhedo, nihatā saṅgharāji, nihataṁ saṅghavavatthānaṁ, nihataṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’ti. Tāvadeva uposatho kātabbo, pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabban”ti.

“This being the case, you should resolve this matter by unifying the Sangha. And it should be done like this. Everyone should gather in one place, including those who are sick. No one should give their consent. A competent and capable monk should then inform the Sangha: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. This monk has recognized that he had committed an offense and was ejected. He’s now been readmitted. Because of this, the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, has been removed. If the Sangha is ready, let’s resolve this matter by unifying the Sangha. This is the motion. Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. This monk has recognized that he had committed an offense and was ejected. He’s now been readmitted. Because of this, the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, has been removed. The Sangha resolves this matter by unifying the Sangha. Any monk who approves of resolving this matter by unifying Sangha should remain silent. Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up. The Sangha has resolved this matter by unifying the Sangha. The schism in the Sangha has come to an end. The fracture in the Sangha has come to an end. The separation in the Sangha has come to an end. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I will remember it thus.’ The observance-day ceremony, the recitation of the Monastic Code, should be done straightaway.”

9. Upālisaṅghasāmaggīpucchā

Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “yasmiṁ, bhante, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ avinicchinitvā amūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, dhammikā nu kho sā, bhante, saṅghasāmaggī”ti? “Yasmiṁ, upāli, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ avinicchinitvā amūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, adhammikā sā, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī”ti. “Yasmiṁ pana, bhante, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ vinicchinitvā mūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, dhammikā nu kho sā, bhante, saṅghasāmaggī”ti? “Yasmiṁ, upāli, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ vinicchinitvā mūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, dhammikā sā, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī”ti.

9. Upāli’s questions about unity in the Sangha

Soon afterwards Venerable Upāli went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and said, “Sir, if the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, hasn’t been decided by the Sangha, hasn’t been resolved by the Sangha, yet the Sangha unifies the Sangha—is that unity in the Sangha legitimate?” “That unity in the Sangha is illegitimate.” “If the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, has been decided by the Sangha, has been resolved by the Sangha, and the Sangha then unifies the Sangha—is that unity in the Sangha legitimate?” “That unity in the Sangha is legitimate.”

“Kati nu kho, bhante, saṅghasāmaggiyo”ti? “Dvemā, upāli, saṅghasāmaggiyo— atthupāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthāpetā byañjanupetā; atthupāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthupetā ca byañjanupetā ca. Katamā ca, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthāpetā byañjanupetā? Yasmiṁ, upāli, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ avinicchinitvā amūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, ayaṁ vuccati, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthāpetā byañjanupetā. Katamā ca, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthupetā ca byañjanupetā ca? Yasmiṁ, upāli, vatthusmiṁ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ vinicchinitvā mūlā mūlaṁ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṁ karoti, ayaṁ vuccati, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthupetā ca byañjanupetā ca. Imā kho, upāli, dve saṅghasāmaggiyo”ti.

“And sir, how many kinds of unity in the Sangha are there?” “There are two kinds of unity in the Sangha. There’s the unity in the Sangha where the wording is fulfilled, but not the purpose. And there’s the unity in the Sangha where both the wording and the purpose are fulfilled. If the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, hasn’t been decided by the Sangha, hasn’t been resolved by the Sangha, yet the Sangha unifies the Sangha, this is called unity in the Sangha where the wording is fulfilled, but not the purpose. If the basis for the arguments and disputes in the Sangha, for the schism, fracture, and separation in the Sangha, has been decided by the Sangha, has been resolved by the Sangha, and the Sangha then unifies the Sangha, this is called unity in the Sangha where both the wording and the purpose are fulfilled.”

Atha kho āyasmā upāli uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi— “Saṅghassa kiccesu ca mantanāsu ca, Atthesu jātesu vinicchayesu ca; Kathaṁpakārodha naro mahatthiko, Bhikkhu kathaṁ hotidha paggahāraho”ti. “Anānuvajjo paṭhamena sīlato, Avekkhitācāro susaṁvutindriyo; Paccatthikā nūpavadanti dhammato, Na hissa taṁ hoti vadeyyu yena naṁ. So tādiso sīlavisuddhiyā ṭhito, Visārado hoti visayha bhāsati; Nacchambhati parisagato na vedhati, Atthaṁ na hāpeti anuyyutaṁ bhaṇaṁ. Tatheva pañhaṁ parisāsu pucchito, Na ceva pajjhāyati na maṅku hoti; So kālāgataṁ byākaraṇārahaṁ vaco, Rañjeti viññūparisaṁ vicakkhaṇo. Sagāravo vuḍḍhataresu bhikkhusu, Ācerakamhi ca sake visārado; Alaṁ pametuṁ paguṇo kathetave, Paccatthikānañca viraddhikovido. Paccatthikā yena vajanti niggahaṁ, Mahājano saññapanañca gacchati; Sakañca ādāyamayaṁ na riñcati, Viyākaraṁ pañhamanūpaghātikaṁ. Dūteyyakammesu alaṁ samuggaho, Saṅghassa kiccesu ca āhu naṁ yathā; Karaṁ vaco bhikkhugaṇena pesito, Ahaṁ karomīti na tena maññati. Āpajjati yāvatakesu vatthusu, Āpattiyā hoti yathā ca vuṭṭhiti; Ete vibhaṅgā ubhayassa svāgatā, Āpatti vuṭṭhānapadassa kovido. Nissāraṇaṁ gacchati yāni cācaraṁ, Nissārito hoti yathā ca vattanā; Osāraṇaṁ taṁvusitassa jantuno, Etampi jānāti vibhaṅgakovido. Sagāravo vuḍḍhataresu bhikkhusu, Navesu theresu ca majjhimesu ca; Mahājanassatthacarodha paṇḍito, So tādiso bhikkhu idha paggahāraho”ti.

Upāli then got up from his seat, arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, raise his joined palms, and spoke to the Buddha in verse: “In regard to the duties and discussions of the Sangha, In regard to the business that arises and the investigations— A person of great value, how does he handle these? How is a monk fit to deal with these?” “Blameless in the basic morality, Watching his own behavior, with senses well-restrained— His enemies cannot legitimately criticize him; There’s nothing for them to correct in him. Having such purity of conduct, Enabled, he speaks confidently; Without fear, he doesn’t tremble in a gathering; He doesn’t neglect the meaning and speaks naturally. If then asked a question in a gathering, He’s neither shy nor timid. His words are timely and pertinent; He watchfully satisfies a discerning gathering. Respectful of more senior monks, Having confidence in his teacher, Able to investigate, clever in discussion, Skilled in defeating his opponents. Wherever his opponents turn, he refutes them, And the crowd is convinced. He doesn’t abandon his position, Yet answers questions without hurting anyone. He’s capable of acting as messenger, And about the business of the Sangha, they speak to him. When speaking, or sent out by the community of monks, He doesn’t think, ‘I’m doing it.’ As far as the actions by which one commits offenses, And how they’re cleared, Both these analyses he has learned well. He’s skilled in the ways of clearing offenses. If one is sent away for one’s conduct, But once sent away one acts rightly, There’s readmittance for one who lives thus. This too he knows, the one skilled in analysis. Respectful of more senior monks, Yet whether junior, senior, or of middle standing, The wise practice for the benefit of the many— Such a monk is fit to deal with these.”