Bu Pc 57

57. Nahānasikkhāpada

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū tapode nahāyanti. Tena kho pana samayena rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro “sīsaṁ nahāyissāmī”ti tapodaṁ gantvā— “yāvāyyā nahāyantī”ti ekamantaṁ paṭimānesi. Bhikkhū yāva samandhakārā nahāyiṁsu. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro vikāle sīsaṁ nahāyitvā, nagaradvāre thakite bahinagare vasitvā, kālasseva asambhinnena vilepanena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinnaṁ kho rājānaṁ māgadhaṁ seniyaṁ bimbisāraṁ bhagavā etadavoca—“kissa tvaṁ, mahārāja, kālasseva āgato asambhinnena vilepanenā”ti? Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi. Atha kho bhagavā rājānaṁ māgadhaṁ seniyaṁ bimbisāraṁ dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṁsesi. Atha kho rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṁsito uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṁ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi— “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū rājānampi passitvā na mattaṁ jānitvā nahāyantī”ti? “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā rājānampi passitvā na mattaṁ jānitvā nahāyissanti. Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Bathing too often Origin story First substory

At one time when the Buddha was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the monks were bathing in the hot springs. Just then King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha went to the hot springs, intending to wash his hair. He waited respectfully for the monks to finish, but they kept on bathing until dark. Only then was King Bimbisāra able to wash his hair. And because the town gates had been shut, he had to spend the night outside the city. In the morning, with his make-up still on, he went to the Buddha, bowed, and sat down. The Buddha said to him, “Great king, why have you come so early in the morning, with your make-up still on?” The king told him what had happened. The Buddha then instructed, inspired, and gladdened him with a teaching, after which the king got up from his seat, bowed down, circumambulated the Buddha with his right side toward him, and left. Soon afterwards the Buddha had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: “Is it true, monks, that monks bathed without moderation, even after seeing the king?” “It’s true, sir.” The Buddha rebuked them … “How could those foolish men act in this way? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, pācittiyan”ti.

First preliminary ruling

‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū uṇhasamaye pariḷāhasamaye kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti, sedagatena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, uṇhasamaye pariḷāhasamaye orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Second substory

Soon afterwards, because they were afraid of wrongdoing, the monks did not bathe when it was hot or when they had a fever, and they went to sleep covered in sweat. As a consequence, their robes and beds got dirty. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “Monks, if it’s hot or you have a fever, I allow you to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Second preliminary ruling

‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti. Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

This is the appropriate occasion: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season.’” In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānā honti. Gilānapucchakā bhikkhū gilāne bhikkhū etadavocuṁ— “kaccāvuso, khamanīyaṁ, kacci yāpanīyan”ti? “Pubbe mayaṁ, āvuso, orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyāma, tena no phāsu hoti; idāni pana ‘bhagavatā paṭikkhittan’ti kukkuccāyantā na nahāyāma, tena no na phāsu hotī”ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Third substory

Soon afterwards some monks were sick. The monks who were looking after them asked, “I hope you’re bearing up? I hope you’re getting better?” “Previously we bathed at intervals of less than a half-month, and then we were comfortable. But now that the Buddha has prohibited this, we don’t bathe because we’re afraid of wrongdoing. Because of that we’re not comfortable.” They told the Buddha. … “Monks, I allow a sick monk to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Third preliminary ruling

‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti. Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

These are the appropriate occasions: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season; he is sick.’” In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū navakammaṁ katvā kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti. Te sedagatena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, kammasamaye orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Fourth substory

Soon afterwards the monks were doing building work, but because they were afraid of wrongdoing they did not bathe. As a consequence, they went to sleep covered in sweat, and their robes and beds got dirty. They told the Buddha. … “Monks, I allow you to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month when you’re working. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Fourth preliminary ruling

‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo, kammasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti. Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

These are the appropriate occasions: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season; he is sick; he is working.’” In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū addhānaṁ gantvā kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti. Te sedagatena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, addhānagamanasamaye orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Fifth substory

Soon afterwards the monks were traveling, but because they were afraid of wrongdoing they did not bathe. As a consequence, they went to sleep covered in sweat, and their robes and beds got dirty. They told the Buddha. … “Monks, I allow you to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month when you’re traveling. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Fifth preliminary ruling

‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo, kammasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti. Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

These are the appropriate occasions: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season; he is sick; he is working; he is traveling.’” In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū ajjhokāse cīvarakammaṁ karontā sarajena vātena okiṇṇā honti. Devo ca thokaṁ thokaṁ phusāyati. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā na nahāyanti, kilinnena gattena sayanti. Cīvarampi senāsanampi dussati. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vātavuṭṭhisamaye orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Sixth substory

Soon afterwards a number of monks were making robes out in the open, when they were hit by dusty winds and fine rain. But because they were afraid of wrongdoing, they did not bathe afterwards, and they went to sleep while still wet. As a consequence, their robes and beds got dirty. They told the Buddha. … “Monks, if there is wind and rain, I allow you to bathe at intervals of less than a half-month. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu orenaddhamāsaṁ nahāyeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Final ruling

‘If a monk bathes at intervals of less than a half-month, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānanti vassānassa paṭhamo māso iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo, pariḷāhasamayo, gilānasamayo, kammasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo, vātavuṭṭhisamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.

These are the appropriate occasions: it is the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, comprising the last one-and-a-half months of summer and the first month of the rainy season; he is sick; he is working; he is traveling; there is wind and rain.’”

Yo panāti yo yādiso …pe… bhikkhūti …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti. Orenaddhamāsanti ūnakaddhamāsaṁ. Nahāyeyyāti cuṇṇena vā mattikāya vā nahāyati, payoge payoge dukkaṭaṁ. Nahānapariyosāne, āpatti pācittiyassa. Aññatra samayāti ṭhapetvā samayaṁ. Uṇhasamayo nāma diyaḍḍho māso seso gimhānaṁ. Pariḷāhasamayo nāma vassānassa paṭhamo māso “iccete aḍḍhateyyamāsā uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo”ti nahāyitabbaṁ. Gilānasamayo nāma yassa vinā nahānena na phāsu hoti. Gilānasamayoti nahāyitabbaṁ. Kammasamayo nāma antamaso pariveṇampi sammaṭṭhaṁ hoti. “Kammasamayo”ti nahāyitabbaṁ. Addhānagamanasamayo nāma “addhayojanaṁ gacchissāmī”ti nahāyitabbaṁ, gacchantena nahāyitabbaṁ, gatena nahāyitabbaṁ. Vātavuṭṭhisamayo nāma bhikkhū sarajena vātena okiṇṇā honti, dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni kāye patitāni honti. “Vātavuṭṭhisamayo”ti nahāyitabbaṁ.

Definitions

A: whoever … Monk: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. At intervals of less than a half-month: after less than a half-month. Bathes: if he bathes with bath powder or soap, then for every effort there is an act of wrong conduct. When the bath is finished, he commits an offense entailing confession. Except on an appropriate occasion: unless it is an appropriate occasion. Summer: the last month-and-a-half of summer. The fever season: the first month of the rainy season. During the two-and-a-half-month period of summer and the fever season, he may bathe. He is sick: he is not comfortable without bathing. If he is sick, he may bathe. He is working: even if he just sweeps the yard of a building. If he is working, he may bathe. He is traveling: if he intends to travel six kilometers, he may bathe; while traveling, he may bathe; after he has traveled, he may bathe. There is wind and rain: monks are hit by dusty winds, and two or three drops of rain fall on their bodies. If there is wind and rain, they may bathe.

Ūnakaddhamāse ūnakasaññī, aññatra samayā, nahāyati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ūnakaddhamāse vematiko, aññatra samayā, nahāyati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ūnakaddhamāse atirekasaññī, aññatra samayā, nahāyati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Atirekaddhamāse ūnakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atirekaddhamāse vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atirekaddhamāse atirekasaññī, anāpatti.

Permutations

If it is an interval of less than a half-month, and he perceives it as less, and he bathes, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is an interval of less than a half-month, but he is unsure of it, and he bathes, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is an interval of less than a half-month, but he perceives it as more, and he bathes, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is an interval of more than a half-month, but he perceives it as less, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is an interval of more than a half-month, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is an interval of more than a half-month, and he perceives it as more, there is no offense.

Anāpatti— samaye, addhamāsaṁ nahāyati, atirekaddhamāsaṁ nahāyati, pāraṁ gacchanto nahāyati, sabbapaccantimesu janapadesu, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: if it is an appropriate occasion; if he bathes at intervals of a half-month; if he bathes at intervals of more than a half-month; if he bathes while crossing a body of water; if he is outside the central Ganges plain; if there is an emergency; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.