Pvr 11

11. Adhikaraṇabheda 1. Ukkoṭanabhedādi

Cattāri adhikaraṇāni. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, kiccādhikaraṇaṁ— imāni cattāri adhikaraṇāni.

Various aspects of the four kinds of legal issues 1. The subdivision on reopening, etc.

There are four kinds of legal issues: legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, legal issues arising from business.

Imesaṁ catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ kati ukkoṭā? Imesaṁ catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ dasa ukkoṭā. Vivādādhikaraṇassa dve ukkoṭā, anuvādādhikaraṇassa cattāro ukkoṭā, āpattādhikaraṇassa tayo ukkoṭā, kiccādhikaraṇassa eko ukkoṭo— imesaṁ catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ ime dasa ukkoṭā.

How many kinds of reopening are there of these four legal issues? Ten. There are two kinds of reopening of legal issues arising from disputes, four of legal issues arising from accusations, three of legal issues arising from offenses, and one of legal issues arising from business.

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti? Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti? Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento kati samathe ukkoṭeti?

When reopening a legal issue arising from a dispute, how many of the principles for settling it does one reopen? When reopening a legal issue arising from an accusation, how many of the principles for settling it does one reopen? When reopening a legal issue arising from an offense, how many of the principles for settling it does one reopen? When reopening a legal issue arising from business, how many of the principles for settling it does one reopen?

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento dve samathe ukkoṭeti. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento cattāro samathe ukkoṭeti. Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento tayo samathe ukkoṭeti. Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭento ekaṁ samathaṁ ukkoṭeti.

When reopening a legal issue arising from a dispute, one reopens two principles for settling it. When reopening a legal issue arising from an accusation, one reopens four principles for settling it. When reopening a legal issue arising from an offense, one reopens three principles for settling it. When reopening a legal issue arising from business, one reopens one principle for settling it.

Kati ukkoṭā? Katihākārehi ukkoṭanaṁ pasavati? Katihaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti? Kati puggalā adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭentā āpattiṁ āpajjanti?

How many kinds of reopening are there? In how many ways does a reopening come about? How many attributes do people who reopen a legal issue have? How many kinds of people commit an offense when they reopen a legal issue?

Dvādasa ukkoṭā. Dasahākārehi ukkoṭanaṁ pasavati. Catūhaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti. Cattāro puggalā adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭentā āpattiṁ āpajjanti?

There are twelve kinds of reopening. A reopening comes about in ten ways. People who reopen a legal issue have four attributes. There are four kinds of people who commit an offense when they reopen a legal issue.

Katame dvādasa ukkoṭā? Akataṁ kammaṁ, dukkaṭaṁ kammaṁ, puna kātabbaṁ kammaṁ, anihataṁ, dunnihataṁ, puna nihanitabbaṁ, avinicchitaṁ, duvinicchitaṁ, puna vinicchitabbaṁ, avūpasantaṁ, duvūpasantaṁ, puna vūpasametabbanti— ime dvādasa ukkoṭā.

What are the twelve kinds of reopening? “The legal procedure hasn’t been done”; “it’s been done badly”; “it should be done again”; “it’s not been settled”; “it’s been badly settled”; “it should be settled again”; “it’s not been decided”; “it’s been badly decided”; “it should be decided again”; “it’s not been disposed of”; “it’s been badly disposed of”; “it should be disposed of again”.

Katamehi dasahākārehi ukkoṭanaṁ pasavati? Tattha jātakaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, tattha jātakaṁ vūpasantaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, antarāmagge adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, antarāmagge vūpasantaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, tattha gataṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, tattha gataṁ vūpasantaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, sativinayaṁ ukkoṭeti, amūḷhavinayaṁ ukkoṭeti, tassapāpiyasikaṁ ukkoṭeti, tiṇavatthārakaṁ ukkoṭeti— imehi dasahākārehi ukkoṭanaṁ pasavati.

What are the ten ways that a reopening comes about? One reopens a legal issue where it arose; one reopens a legal issue where it arose and was resolved; one reopens a legal issue while traveling; one reopens a legal issue that was resolved while traveling; one reopens a legal issue after going there; one reopens a legal issue that was resolved after going there; one reopens a resolution through recollection; one reopens a resolution because of past insanity; one reopens a decision on giving a further penalty; one reopens a decision on covering over as if with grass.

Katamehi catūhaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti? Chandāgatiṁ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, dosāgatiṁ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, mohāgatiṁ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti, bhayāgatiṁ gacchanto adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti— imehi catūhaṅgehi samannāgato puggalo adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭeti.

What are the four attributes of people who reopen a legal issue? They reopen a legal issue biased by desire, ill will, confusion, or fear.

Katame cattāro puggalā adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭentā āpattiṁ āpajjanti? Tadahupasampanno ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ, āgantuko ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ, kārako ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ, chandadāyako ukkoṭeti ukkoṭanakaṁ pācittiyaṁ— ime cattāro puggalā adhikaraṇaṁ ukkoṭentā āpattiṁ āpajjanti.

Who are the four kinds of people who commit an offense when they reopen a legal issue? If one who was ordained on that very day does the reopening, they commit an offense entailing confession; if one who has newly arrived does the reopening, they commit an offense entailing confession; if the original doer does the reopening, they commit an offense entailing confession; if one who had given their consent does the reopening, they commit an offense entailing confession.

2. Adhikaraṇanidānādi

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ?

2. The sources of the legal issues, etc.

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from disputes? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from accusations? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from offenses? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from business?

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ vivādanidānaṁ vivādasamudayaṁ vivādajātikaṁ vivādapabhavaṁ vivādasambhāraṁ vivādasamuṭṭhānaṁ. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ anuvādanidānaṁ anuvādasamudayaṁ anuvādajātikaṁ anuvādapabhavaṁ anuvādasambhāraṁ anuvādasamuṭṭhānaṁ. Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ āpattinidānaṁ āpattisamudayaṁ āpattijātikaṁ āpattipabhavaṁ āpattisambhāraṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānaṁ. Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ kiccayanidānaṁ kiccayasamudayaṁ kiccayajātikaṁ kiccayapabhavaṁ kiccayasambhāraṁ kiccayasamuṭṭhānaṁ.

Legal issues arising from disputes have disputes as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Legal issues arising from accusations have accusations as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Legal issues arising from offenses have offenses as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Legal issues arising from business have business as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination.

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… āpattādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… kiccādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ?

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from disputes? … of legal issues arising from accusations? … of legal issues arising from offenses? … of legal issues arising from business?

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ hetunidānaṁ, hetusamudayaṁ, hetujātikaṁ, hetupabhavaṁ, hetusambhāraṁ, hetusamuṭṭhānaṁ. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… āpattādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… kiccādhikaraṇaṁ hetunidānaṁ, hetusamudayaṁ, hetujātikaṁ, hetupabhavaṁ, hetusambhāraṁ, hetusamuṭṭhānaṁ.

Legal issues arising from disputes have causes as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Legal issues arising from accusations … Legal issues arising from offenses … Legal issues arising from business have causes as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination.

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… āpattādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… kiccādhikaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ?

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of legal issues arising from disputes? … of legal issues arising from accusations? … of legal issues arising from offenses? … of legal issues arising from business?

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ paccayanidānaṁ, paccayasamudayaṁ, paccayajātikaṁ, paccayapabhavaṁ, paccayasambhāraṁ, paccayasamuṭṭhānaṁ. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… āpattādhikaraṇaṁ …pe… kiccādhikaraṇaṁ paccayanidānaṁ, paccayasamudayaṁ, paccayajātikaṁ, paccayapabhavaṁ, paccayasambhāraṁ, paccayasamuṭṭhānaṁ.

Legal issues arising from disputes have conditions as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination. Legal issues arising from accusations … Legal issues arising from offenses … Legal issues arising from business have conditions as their source, their origin, their birth, their arising, their production, their origination.

3. Adhikaraṇamūlādi

Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ kati mūlāni, kati samuṭṭhānā? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ tettiṁsa mūlāni, tettiṁsa samuṭṭhānā.

3. The roots of legal issues, etc.

How many roots do the four kinds of legal issues have, and how many originations? They have thirty-three roots, and thirty-three originations.

Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamāni tettiṁsa mūlāni? Vivādādhikaraṇassa dvādasa mūlāni, anuvādādhikaraṇassa cuddasa mūlāni, āpattādhikaraṇassa cha mūlāni, kiccādhikaraṇassa ekaṁ mūlaṁ, saṅgho— catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ imāni tettiṁsa mūlāni.

What are the thirty-three roots? Legal issues arising from disputes have twelve roots; legal issues arising from accusations have fourteen roots; legal issues arising from offenses have six roots; legal issues arising from business have one root, the Sangha.

Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katame tettiṁsa samuṭṭhānā? Vivādādhikaraṇassa aṭṭhārasabhedakaravatthūni samuṭṭhānā, anuvādādhikaraṇassa catasso vipattiyo samuṭṭhānā, āpattādhikaraṇassa sattāpattikkhandhā samuṭṭhānā, kiccādhikaraṇassa cattāri kammāni samuṭṭhānā— catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ ime tettiṁsa samuṭṭhānā.

What are the thirty-three originations? Legal issues arising from disputes originate from the eighteen grounds for schism; legal issues arising from accusations originate from the four kinds of failure; legal issues arising from offenses originate from the seven classes of offenses; legal issues arising from business originate from the four kinds of legal procedures.

4. Adhikaraṇapaccayāpatti

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ āpattānāpattīti? Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ na āpatti. Kiṁ pana vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyyāti? Āma, vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyya. Vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā dve āpattiyo āpajjati. Upasampannaṁ omasati, āpatti pācittiyassa; anupasampannaṁ omasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa— vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā imā dve āpattiyo āpajjati.

4. Offenses because of legal issues

“When it comes to legal issues arising from disputes, are they offenses?” They are not offenses. “Is it possible to commit an offense because of legal issues arising from disputes?” Yes. How many offenses does one commit because of legal issues arising from disputes? Two: there is an offense entailing confession for abusing one who is fully ordained; there is an offense of wrong conduct for abusing one who is not fully ordained.

Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ? Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Katihi adhikaraṇehi, katisu ṭhānesu, katihi samathehi sammanti?

When it comes to these offenses, to how many of the four kinds of failure do they belong? To which of the four kinds of legal issues do they belong? In how many of the seven classes of offenses are they found? Through how many of the six kinds of originations of offenses do they originate? Through how many kinds of legal issues, in how many places, and through how many of the principles for settling legal issues are they settled?

Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ ekaṁ vipattiṁ bhajanti— ācāravipattiṁ. Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ dvīhi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā— siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ tīhi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti. Ekena adhikaraṇena— kiccādhikaraṇena; tīsu ṭhānesu— saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike; tīhi samathehi sammanti— siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.

They belong to one kind of failure: failure in conduct. They belong to legal issues arising from an offense. They are found in two classes of offenses: they may be in the class of offenses entailing confession; they may be in the class of offenses of wrong conduct. They originate in three ways. They are settled through one kind of legal issue: legal issues arising from business. They are settled in three places: in the midst of the Sangha, in the midst of a group, or in the presence of an individual. They are settled through three principles: they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted; or they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass.

Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ āpattānāpattīti? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ na āpatti. Kiṁ pana anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyyāti? Āma, anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyya. Anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā, kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā tisso āpattiyo āpajjati. Bhikkhuṁ amūlakena pārājikena dhammena anuddhaṁseti, āpatti saṅghādisesassa; amūlakena saṅghādisesena anuddhaṁseti, āpatti pācittiyassa; amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā anuddhaṁseti, āpatti dukkaṭassa— anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā imā tisso āpattiyo āpajjati.

“When it comes to legal issues arising from accusations, are they offenses?” They are not offenses. “Is it possible to commit an offense because of legal issues arising from accusations?” Yes. How many offenses does one commit because of legal issues arising from accusations? Three: there is an offense entailing suspension for groundlessly charging a monk with an offense entailing expulsion; there is an offense entailing confession for groundlessly charging someone with an offense entailing suspension; there is an offense of wrong conduct for groundlessly charging someone with failure in conduct.

Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ? Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Katihi adhikaraṇehi, katisu ṭhānesu, katihi samathehi sammanti?

When it comes to these offenses, to how many of the four kinds of failure do they belong? To which of the four kinds of legal issues do they belong? In how many of the seven classes of offenses are they found? Through how many of the six kinds of originations of offenses do they originate? Through how many kinds of legal issues, in how many places, and through how many of the principles for settling legal issues are they settled?

Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ dve vipattiyo bhajanti— siyā sīlavipattiṁ, siyā ācāravipattiṁ. Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ tīhi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā— siyā saṅghādisesāpattikkhandhena, siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ tīhi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti. Yā tā āpattiyo garukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena— kiccādhikaraṇena; ekamhi ṭhāne— saṅghamajjhe; dvīhi samathehi sammanti— sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca. Yā tā āpattiyo lahukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena— kiccādhikaraṇena; tīsu ṭhānesu— saṅghamajjhe gaṇamajjhe puggalassa santike; tīhi samathehi sammanti— siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.

They belong to two kinds of failure: they may be failure in morality; they may be failure in conduct. They belong to legal issues arising from an offense. They are found in three classes of offenses: they may be in the class of offenses entailing suspension; they may be in the class of offenses entailing confession; they may be in the class of offenses of wrong conduct. They originate in three ways. The heavy offenses are settled through one kind of legal issue: legal issues arising from business. They are settled in one place: in the midst of the Sangha. They are settled through two principles: by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted. The light offenses are settled through one kind of legal issue: legal issues arising from business. They are settled in three places: in the midst of the Sangha, in the midst of a group, or in the presence of an individual. They are settled through three principles: they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted; or they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass.

Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ āpattānāpattīti? Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ āpatti. Kiṁ pana āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyyāti? Āma, āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyya. Āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā catasso āpattiyo āpajjati. Bhikkhunī jānaṁ pārājikaṁ dhammaṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti pārājikassa; vematikā paṭicchādeti, āpatti thullaccayassa; bhikkhu saṅghādisesaṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti pācittiyassa; ācāravipattiṁ paṭicchādeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa— āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā imā catasso āpattiyo āpajjati.

“When it comes to legal issues arising from offenses, are they offenses?” They are offenses. “Is it possible to commit an offense because of legal issues arising from offenses?” Yes. How many offenses does one commit because of legal issues arising from offenses? Four: there is an offense entailing expulsion for a nun who knowingly conceals an offense entailing expulsion; there is a serious offense for concealing it if she is unsure; there is an offense entailing confession for a monk who conceals an offense entailing suspension; there is an offense of wrong conduct for concealing a failure in conduct.

Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ? Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Katihi adhikaraṇehi, katisu ṭhānesu, katihi samathehi sammanti?

When it comes to these offenses, to how many of the four kinds of failure do they belong? To which of the four kinds of legal issues do they belong? In how many of the seven classes of offenses are they found? Through how many of the six kinds of originations of offenses do they originate? Through how many kinds of legal issues, in how many places, and through how many of the principles for settling legal issues are they settled?

Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ dve vipattiyo bhajanti— siyā sīlavipattiṁ siyā ācāravipattiṁ. Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ catūhi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā— siyā pārājikāpattikkhandhena, siyā thullaccayāpattikkhandhena, siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ ekena samuṭṭhānena samuṭṭhanti— kāyato ca vācato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhanti. Yā sā āpatti anavasesā sā āpatti na katamena adhikaraṇena, na katamamhi ṭhāne, na katamena samathena sammati. Yā tā āpattiyo lahukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena— kiccādhikaraṇena; tīsu ṭhānesu— saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike; tīhi samathehi sammanti— siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.

They belong to two kinds of failure: they may be failure in morality; they may be failure in conduct. They belong to legal issues arising from an offense. They are found in four classes of offenses: they may be in the class of offenses entailing expulsion; they may be in the class of serious offenses; they may be in the class of offenses entailing confession; they may be in the class of offenses of wrong conduct. They originate in one way: from body, speech, and mind. The incurable offense is not settled through any kind of legal issue, in any place, or through any of the principles for settling legal issues. The light offenses are settled through one kind of legal issue: legal issues arising from business. They are settled in three places: in the midst of the Sangha, in the midst of a group, or in the presence of an individual. They are settled through three principles: they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted; or they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass.

Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ āpattānāpattīti? Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ na āpatti. Kiṁ pana kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyyāti? Āma, kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā āpattiṁ āpajjeyya. Kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā kati āpattiyo āpajjati? Kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā pañca āpattiyo āpajjati. Ukkhittānuvattikā bhikkhunī yāvatatiyaṁ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajjati, ñattiyā dukkaṭaṁ; dvīhi kammavācāhi thullaccayā; kammavācāpariyosāne āpatti pārājikassa; bhedakānuvattakā bhikkhū yāvatatiyaṁ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajjanti, āpatti saṅghādisesassa; pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā yāvatatiyaṁ samanubhāsanāya na paṭinissajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa— kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā imā pañca āpattiyo āpajjati.

“When it comes to legal issues arising from business, are they offenses?” They are not offenses. “Is it possible to commit an offense because of legal issues arising from business?” Yes. How many offenses does one commit because of legal issues arising from business? Five: there is an offense of wrong conduct after the motion when a nun takes sides with one who has been ejected and does not stop when pressed up to three times; there is a serious offense after each of the first two announcements; there is an offense entailing expulsion when the last announcement is finished; there is an offense entailing suspension when monks who side with a monk who is pursuing schism do not stop when pressed for the third time; there is an offense entailing confession when not giving up a bad view after being pressed for the third time.

Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ kati vipattiyo bhajanti? Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ? Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ katihi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā? Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ katihi samuṭṭhānehi samuṭṭhanti? Katihi adhikaraṇehi, katisu ṭhānesu, katihi samathehi sammanti?

When it comes to these offenses, to how many of the four kinds of failure do they belong? To which of the four kinds of legal issues do they belong? In how many of the seven classes of offenses are they found? Through how many of the six kinds of originations of offenses do they originate? Through how many kinds of legal issues, in how many places, and through how many of the principles for settling legal issues are they settled?

Tā āpattiyo catunnaṁ vipattīnaṁ dve vipattiyo bhajanti— siyā sīlavipattiṁ siyā ācāravipattiṁ. Catunnaṁ adhikaraṇānaṁ āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Sattannaṁ āpattikkhandhānaṁ pañcahi āpattikkhandhehi saṅgahitā— siyā pārājikāpattikkhandhena, siyā saṅghādisesāpattikkhandhena, siyā thullaccayāpattikkhandhena, siyā pācittiyāpattikkhandhena, siyā dukkaṭāpattikkhandhena. Channaṁ āpattisamuṭṭhānānaṁ ekena samuṭṭhānena samuṭṭhanti— kāyato ca vācato ca cittato ca samuṭṭhanti. Yā sā āpatti anavasesā sā āpatti na katamena adhikaraṇena, na katamamhi ṭhāne, na katamena samathena sammati. Yā sā āpatti garukā sā āpatti ekena adhikaraṇena— kiccādhikaraṇena; ekamhi ṭhāne— saṅghamajjhe; dvīhi samathehi sammati— sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca. Yā tā āpattiyo lahukā tā āpattiyo ekena adhikaraṇena— kiccādhikaraṇena; tīsu ṭhānesu— saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike; tīhi samathehi sammanti— siyā sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca, siyā sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca.

They belong to two kinds of failure: they may be failure in morality; they may be failure in conduct. They belong to legal issues arising from an offense. They are found in five classes of offenses: they may be in the class of offenses entailing expulsion; they may be in the class of offenses entailing suspension; they may be in the class of serious offenses; they may be in the class of offenses entailing confession; they may be in the class of offenses of wrong conduct. They originate in one way: from body, speech, and mind. The incurable offense is not settled through any kind of legal issue, in any place, or through any of the principles for settling legal issues. The heavy offense is settled through one kind of legal issue: legal issues arising from business. It is settled in one place: in the midst of the Sangha. It is settled through two principles: by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted. The light offenses are settled through one kind of legal issue: legal issues arising from business. They are settled in three places: in the midst of the Sangha, in the midst of a group, or in the presence of an individual. They are settled through three principles: they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted; or they may be settled by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass.

5. Adhikaraṇādhippāya

Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ na hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ; api ca, vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. Yathā kathaṁ viya? Idha bhikkhū vivadanti— dhammoti vā adhammoti vā …pe… duṭṭhullāpattīti vā aduṭṭhullāpattīti vā. Yaṁ tattha bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo nānāvādo aññathāvādo vipaccatāya vohāro medhakaṁ, idaṁ vuccati vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. Vivādādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. Vivadamāno anuvadati anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. Anuvadamāno āpattiṁ āpajjati āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṁ karoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. Evaṁ vivādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ.

5. The difference between legal issues

Is a legal issue arising from a dispute a legal issue arising from an accusation, a legal issue arising from an offense, or a legal issue arising from business? A legal issue arising from a dispute is neither a legal issue arising from an accusation, nor a legal issue arising from an offense, nor a legal issue arising from business. Nevertheless, because of legal issues arising from disputes, there are legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, and legal issues arising from business. How is this? It may be that monks are disputing, saying, “This is the Teaching”, “This is contrary to the Teaching” … “This is a grave offense”, or “This is a minor offense.” In regard to this, whatever there is of quarreling, arguing, conflict, disputing, variety in opinion, difference in opinion, heated speech, or strife—this is called a legal issue arising from a dispute. When, during a legal issue arising from a dispute, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business. In this way, because of legal issues arising from disputes, there are legal issues arising from accusations, legal issues arising from offenses, and legal issues arising from business.

Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ na hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ; api ca anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. Yathā kathaṁ viya? Idha bhikkhū bhikkhuṁ anuvadanti sīlavipattiyā vā ācāravipattiyā vā diṭṭhivipattiyā vā ājīvavipattiyā vā. Yo tattha anuvādo anuvadanā anullapanā anubhaṇanā anusampavaṅkatā abbhussahanatā anubalappadānaṁ, idaṁ vuccati anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. Anuvādādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati, vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. Vivadamāno anuvadati, anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. Anuvadamāno āpattiṁ āpajjati, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṁ karoti, kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. Evaṁ anuvādādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ.

Is a legal issue arising from an accusation a legal issue arising from an offense, a legal issue arising from business, or legal issue arising from a dispute? A legal issue arising from an accusation is neither a legal issue arising from an offense, nor a legal issue arising from business, nor a legal issue arising from a dispute. Nevertheless, because of legal issues arising from accusations, there are legal issues arising from offenses, legal issues arising from business, and legal issues arising from disputes. How is this? It may be that monks accuse a monk of failure in morality, failure in conduct, failure in view, or failure in livelihood. In regard to this, whatever there is of accusations, accusing, allegations, blame, taking sides because of friendship, taking part in the accusation, or supporting the accusation—this is called a legal issue arising from an accusation. When, during a legal issue arising from an accusation, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business. In this way, because of legal issues arising from accusations, there are legal issues arising from offenses, legal issues arising from business, and legal issues arising from disputes.

Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ na hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ; api ca āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. Yathā kathaṁ viya? Pañcapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, sattapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, idaṁ vuccati āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Āpattādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. Vivadamāno anuvadati anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. Anuvadamāno āpattiṁ āpajjati āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṁ karoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. Evaṁ āpattādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ.

Is a legal issue arising from an offense a legal issue arising from business, a legal issue arising from a dispute, or a legal issue arising from an accusation? A legal issue arising from an offense is neither a legal issue arising from business, nor a legal issue arising from a dispute, nor a legal issue arising from an accusation. Nevertheless, because of legal issues arising from offenses, there are legal issues arising from business, legal issues arising from disputes, and legal issues arising from accusations. How is this? There are legal issues arising from offenses because of the five classes of offenses, and there are legal issues arising from offenses because of the seven classes of offenses—these are called legal issues arising from offenses. When, during a legal issue arising from an offense, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business. In this way, because of legal issues arising from offenses, there are legal issues arising from business, legal issues arising from disputes, and legal issues arising from accusations.

Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ na hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, na hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ; api ca kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Yathā kathaṁ viya? Yā saṅghassa kiccayatā karaṇīyatā apalokanakammaṁ ñattikammaṁ ñattidutiyakammaṁ ñatticatutthakammaṁ, idaṁ vuccati kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. Kiccādhikaraṇe saṅgho vivadati vivādādhikaraṇaṁ. Vivadamāno anuvadati anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ. Anuvadamāno āpattiṁ āpajjati āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Tāya āpattiyā saṅgho kammaṁ karoti kiccādhikaraṇaṁ. Evaṁ kiccādhikaraṇapaccayā hoti vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, hoti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ.

Is a legal issue arising from business a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, or a legal issue arising from an offense? A legal issue arising from business is neither a legal issue arising from a dispute, nor a legal issue arising from an accusation, nor a legal issue arising from an offense. Nevertheless, because of legal issues arising from business, there are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, and legal issues arising from offenses. How is this? Whatever is the duty or the business of the Sangha—a legal procedure consisting of getting permission, a legal procedure consisting of one motion, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and one announcement, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements—this is called a legal issue arising from business. When, during a legal issue arising from business, the Sangha disputes, there is a legal issue arising from a dispute. When one who is disputing makes an accusation, there is a legal issue arising from an accusation. When one who is accusing commits an offense, there is a legal issue arising from an offense. When the Sangha does a legal procedure because of that offense, there is a legal issue arising from business. In this way, because of legal issues arising from business, there are legal issues arising from disputes, legal issues arising from accusations, and legal issues arising from offenses.

6. Pucchāvāra

Yattha sativinayo tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha sativinayo? Yattha amūḷhavinayo tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha amūḷhavinayo? Yattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ? Yattha yebhuyyasikā tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha yebhuyyasikā? Yattha tassapāpiyasikā tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha tassapāpiyasikā? Yattha tiṇavatthārako tattha sammukhāvinayo? Yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha tiṇavatthārako?

6. The section on questioning

When there is resolution through recollection, is there also resolution face-to-face? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also resolution through recollection? When there is resolution because of past insanity, is there also resolution face-to-face? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also resolution because of past insanity? When there is acting according to what has been admitted, is there also resolution face-to-face? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also acting according to what has been admitted? When there is a majority decision, is there also resolution face-to-face? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also a majority decision? When there is a further penalty, is there also resolution face-to-face? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also a further penalty? When there is covering over as if with grass, is there also resolution face-to-face? When there is resolution face-to-face, is there also covering over as if with grass?

7. Vissajjanāvāra

Yasmiṁ samaye sammukhāvinayena ca sativinayena ca adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasammati— yattha sativinayo tattha sammukhāvinayo, yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha sativinayo, na tattha amūḷhavinayo, na tattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ, na tattha yebhuyyasikā, na tattha tassapāpiyasikā, na tattha tiṇavatthārako. Yasmiṁ samaye sammukhāvinayena ca amūḷhavinayena ca …pe… sammukhāvinayena ca paṭiññātakaraṇena ca …pe… sammukhāvinayena ca yebhuyyasikāya ca …pe… sammukhāvinayena ca tassapāpiyasikāya ca …pe… sammukhāvinayena ca tiṇavatthārakena ca adhikaraṇaṁ vūpasammati— yattha tiṇavatthārako tattha sammukhāvinayo, yattha sammukhāvinayo tattha tiṇavatthārako, na tattha sativinayo, na tattha amūḷhavinayo, na tattha paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ, na tattha yebhuyyasikā, na tattha tassapāpiyasikā.

7. The section on responding

There may be an occasion when a legal issue is resolved by resolution face-to-face and resolution through recollection. Then, when there is resolution through recollection there is also resolution face-to-face, and when there is resolution face-to-face there is also resolution through recollection; but there is not resolution because of past insanity, nor acting according to what has been admitted, nor a majority decision, nor a further penalty, nor covering over as if with grass. There may be an occasion when a legal issue is resolved by resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity. … by resolution face-to-face and by acting according to what has been admitted … by resolution face-to-face and by a majority decision … by resolution face-to-face and by a further penalty … There may be an occasion when a legal issue is resolved by resolution face-to-face and by covering over as if with grass. Then, when there is covering over as if with grass there is also resolution face-to-face, and when there is resolution face-to-face there is also covering over as if with grass; but there is not resolution through recollection, nor resolution because of past insanity, nor acting according to what has been admitted, nor a majority decision, nor a further penalty.

8. Saṁsaṭṭhavāra

Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā ime dhammā saṁsaṭṭhā udāhu visaṁsaṭṭhā? Labbhā ca panimesaṁ dhammānaṁ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṁ paññāpetuṁ? Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā …pe… sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā—ime dhammā saṁsaṭṭhā, udāhu visaṁsaṭṭhā? Labbhā ca panimesaṁ dhammānaṁ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṁ paññāpetuṁ?

8. The section on connected

Is a resolution face-to-face and a resolution through recollection connected or disconnected? Is it possible to completely separate them and point to their difference? Is a resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity … Is a resolution face-to-face and acting according to what has been admitted … Is a resolution face-to-face and a majority decision … Is a resolution face-to-face and a further penalty … Is a resolution face-to-face and covering over as if with grass connected or disconnected? Is it possible to completely separate them and point to their difference?

Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā— ime dhammā saṁsaṭṭhā, no visaṁsaṭṭhā; na ca labbhā imesaṁ dhammānaṁ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṁ paññāpetuṁ. Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā …pe… sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā— ime dhammā saṁsaṭṭhā, no visaṁsaṭṭhā; na ca labbhā imesaṁ dhammānaṁ vinibbhujitvā vinibbhujitvā nānākaraṇaṁ paññāpetuṁ.

Resolution face-to-face and resolution through recollection are connected, not disconnected, and it is not possible to completely separate them and point to their difference. Resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity … Resolution face-to-face and acting according to what has been admitted … Resolution face-to-face and a majority decision … Resolution face-to-face and a further penalty … Resolution face-to-face and covering over as if with grass are connected, not disconnected, and it is not possible to completely separate them and point to their difference.

9. Sattasamathanidāna

Sammukhāvinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? Sativinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? Amūḷhavinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? Paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ kiṁnidānaṁ, kiṁsamudayaṁ, kiṁjātikaṁ, kiṁpabhavaṁ, kiṁsambhāraṁ, kiṁsamuṭṭhānaṁ? Yebhuyyasikā kiṁnidānā, kiṁsamudayā, kiṁjātikā, kiṁpabhavā, kiṁsambhārā, kiṁsamuṭṭhānā? Tassapāpiyasikā kiṁnidānā, kiṁsamudayā, kiṁjātikā, kiṁpabhavā, kiṁsambhārā, kiṁsamuṭṭhānā? Tiṇavatthārako kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno?

9. The sources of the seven principles for settling legal issues

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution face-to-face? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution through recollection? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution because of past insanity? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of acting according to what has been admitted? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of a majority decision? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of a further penalty? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of covering over as if with grass?

Sammukhāvinayo nidānanidāno, nidānasamudayo, nidānajātiko, nidānapabhavo, nidānasambhāro, nidānasamuṭṭhāno. Sativinayo …pe… amūḷhavinayo …pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ nidānanidānaṁ, nidānasamudayaṁ, nidānajātikaṁ, nidānapabhavaṁ, nidānasambhāraṁ, nidānasamuṭṭhānaṁ. Yebhuyyasikā …pe… tassapāpiyasikā nidānanidānā, nidānasamudayā, nidānajātikā, nidānapabhavā, nidānasambhārā, nidānasamuṭṭhānā. Tiṇavatthārako nidānanidāno, nidānasamudayo, nidānajātiko, nidānapabhavo, nidānasambhāro, nidānasamuṭṭhāno.

Resolution face-to-face has sources as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination. Resolution through recollection … Resolution because of past insanity … Acting according to what has been admitted … A majority decision … A further penalty … Covering over as if with grass has sources as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination.

Sammukhāvinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? Sativinayo …pe… amūḷhavinayo …pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ …pe… yebhuyyasikā …pe… tassapāpiyasikā …pe… tiṇavatthārako kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno?

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution face-to-face? … of resolution through recollection? … of resolution because of past insanity? … of acting according to what has been admitted? … of a majority decision? … of a further penalty? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of covering over as if with grass?

Sammukhāvinayo hetunidāno, hetusamudayo, hetujātiko, hetupabhavo, hetusambhāro, hetusamuṭṭhāno. Sativinayo …pe… amūḷhavinayo …pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ hetunidānaṁ, hetusamudayaṁ, hetujātikaṁ, hetupabhavaṁ, hetusambhāraṁ, hetusamuṭṭhānaṁ. Yebhuyyasikā …pe… tassapāpiyasikā hetunidānā, hetusamudayā, hetujātikā, hetupabhavā, hetusambhārā, hetusamuṭṭhānā. Tiṇavatthārako hetunidāno, hetusamudayo, hetujātiko, hetupabhavo, hetusambhāro, hetusamuṭṭhāno.

Resolution face-to-face has causes as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination. Resolution through recollection … Resolution because of past insanity … Acting according to what has been admitted … A majority decision … A further penalty … Covering over as if with grass has causes as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination.

Sammukhāvinayo kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? Sativinayo …pe… amūḷhavinayo …pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ …pe… yebhuyyasikā …pe… tassapāpiyasikā …pe… tiṇavatthārako kiṁnidāno, kiṁsamudayo, kiṁjātiko, kiṁpabhavo, kiṁsambhāro, kiṁsamuṭṭhāno? Sammukhāvinayo paccayanidāno, paccayasamudayo, paccayajātiko, paccayapabhavo, paccayasambhāro, paccayasamuṭṭhāno. Sativinayo …pe… amūḷhavinayo …pe… paṭiññātakaraṇaṁ paccayanidānaṁ, paccayasamudayaṁ, paccayajātikaṁ, paccayapabhavaṁ, paccayasambhāraṁ, paccayasamuṭṭhānaṁ. Yebhuyyasikā …pe… tassapāpiyasikā paccayanidānā, paccayasamudayā, paccayajātikā, paccayapabhavā, paccayasambhārā, paccayasamuṭṭhānā. Tiṇavatthārako paccayanidāno, paccayasamudayo, paccayajātiko, paccayapabhavo, paccayasambhāro, paccayasamuṭṭhāno.

What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of resolution face-to-face? … of resolution through recollection? … of resolution because of past insanity? … of acting according to what has been admitted? … of a majority decision? … of a further penalty? What is the source, the origin, the birth, the arising, the production, the origination of covering over as if with grass? Resolution face-to-face has conditions as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination. Resolution through recollection … Resolution because of past insanity … Acting according to what has been admitted … A majority decision … A further penalty … Covering over as if with grass has conditions as its source, its origin, its birth, its arising, its production, its origination.

Sattannaṁ samathānaṁ kati mūlāni, kati samuṭṭhānā? Sattannaṁ samathānaṁ chabbīsa mūlāni, chattiṁsa samuṭṭhānā. Sattannaṁ samathānaṁ katamāni chabbīsa mūlāni? Sammukhāvinayassa cattāri mūlāni— saṅghasammukhatā, dhammasammukhatā, vinayasammukhatā, puggalasammukhatā; sativinayassa cattāri mūlāni; amūḷhavinayassa cattāri mūlāni; paṭiññātakaraṇassa dve mūlāni— yo ca deseti yassa ca deseti; yebhuyyasikāya cattāri mūlāni; tassapāpiyasikāya cattāri mūlāni; tiṇavatthārakassa cattāri mūlāni— saṅghasammukhatā, dhammasammukhatā, vinayasammukhatā, puggalasammukhatā— sattannaṁ samathānaṁ imāni chabbīsa mūlāni.

How many roots do the seven principles for settling legal issues have, and how many originations? They have twenty-six roots and thirty-six originations. What are those twenty-six roots? Resolution face-to-face has four roots: face-to-face with the Sangha, face-to-face with the Teaching, face-to-face with the Monastic Law, face-to-face with the persons concerned. Resolution through recollection has four roots. Resolution because of past insanity has four roots. Acting according to what has been admitted has two roots: The one who confesses and the one he confesses to. A majority decision has four roots. A further penalty has four roots. Covering over as if with grass has four roots: face-to-face with the Sangha, face-to-face with the Teaching, face-to-face with the Monastic Law, face-to-face with the persons concerned.

Sattannaṁ samathānaṁ katame chattiṁsa samuṭṭhānā? Sativinayassa kammassa kiriyā, karaṇaṁ, upagamanaṁ, ajjhupagamanaṁ, adhivāsanā, appaṭikkosanā. Amūḷhavinayassa kammassa …pe… paṭiññātakaraṇassa kammassa … yebhuyyasikāya kammassa … tassapāpiyasikāya kammassa … tiṇavatthārakassa kammassa kiriyā, karaṇaṁ, upagamanaṁ, ajjhupagamanaṁ, adhivāsanā, appaṭikkosanā— sattannaṁ samathānaṁ ime chattiṁsa samuṭṭhānā.

What are those thirty-six originations? The doing of, the performing of, the participation in, the consent to, the agreement to, the non-objection to a legal procedure of resolution through recollection. … a legal procedure of resolution because of past insanity. … a legal procedure of acting according to what has been admitted. … a legal procedure of majority decision. … a legal procedure of further penalty. The doing of, the performing of, the participation in, the consent to, the agreement to, the non-objection to a legal procedure of covering over as if with grass.

10. Sattasamathanānatthādi

Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā—ime dhammā nānatthā nānābyañjanā, udāhu ekatthā byañjanameva nānaṁ? Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā …pe… sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā—ime dhammā nānatthā nānābyañjanā, udāhu ekatthā byañjanameva nānaṁ? Sammukhāvinayoti vā sativinayoti vā—ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyañjanā ca. Sammukhāvinayoti vā amūḷhavinayoti vā …pe… sammukhāvinayoti vā paṭiññātakaraṇanti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā yebhuyyasikāti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā tassapāpiyasikāti vā … sammukhāvinayoti vā tiṇavatthārakoti vā—ime dhammā nānatthā ceva nānābyañjanā ca.

10. The variety in meaning, etc., between the seven principles for settling legal issues

“Are resolution face-to-face and resolution through recollection different in meaning and different in wording, or the same in meaning and just different in wording? Are resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity … Are resolution face-to-face and acting according to what has been admitted … Are resolution face-to-face and a majority decision … Are resolution face-to-face and a further penalty … Are resolution face-to-face and covering over as if with grass different in meaning and different in wording, or the same in meaning and just different in wording? Resolution face-to-face and resolution through recollection are different in meaning and different in wording. Resolution face-to-face and resolution because of past insanity … Resolution face-to-face and acting according to what has been admitted … Resolution face-to-face and a majority decision … Resolution face-to-face and a further penalty … Resolution face-to-face and covering over as if with grass are different in meaning and different in wording.

Vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, vivādo no adhikaraṇaṁ, adhikaraṇaṁ no vivādo, adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca? Siyā vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṁ, siyā vivādo no adhikaraṇaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇaṁ no vivādo, siyā adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca.

Are there disputes that are also legal issues arising from a dispute? Are there disputes that are not legal issues? Are there legal issues that are not disputes? Are there legal issues that are also disputes? There are disputes that are also legal issues arising from a dispute. There are disputes that are not legal issues. There are legal issues that are not disputes. There are legal issues that are also disputes.

Tattha katamo vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṁ? Idha bhikkhū vivadanti dhammoti vā adhammoti vā …pe… duṭṭhullā āpattīti vā aduṭṭhullā āpattīti vā. Yaṁ tattha bhaṇḍanaṁ, kalaho, viggaho, vivādo, nānāvādo, aññathāvādo, vipaccatāya vohāro, medhakaṁ— ayaṁ vivādo vivādādhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there a dispute that is also a legal issue arising from a dispute? It may be that monks are disputing, saying, ‘This is the Teaching’, ‘This is contrary to the Teaching’ … ‘This is a grave offense’, or ‘This is a minor offense.’ In regard to this, whatever there is of quarreling, arguing, conflict, disputing, variety in opinion, difference in opinion, heated speech, or strife— this is a dispute that is also a legal issue arising from a dispute.

Tattha katamo vivādo no adhikaraṇaṁ? Mātāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi mātarā vivadati, pitāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi pitarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhātarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhaginiyā vivadati, bhaginīpi bhātarā vivadati, sahāyopi sahāyena vivadati— ayaṁ vivādo no adhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there a dispute that is not a legal issue? A mother disputes with her offspring; an offspring with their mother; a father with his offspring; an offspring with their father; a brother with his brother; a brother with his sister; a sister with her brother; a friend with their friend— these are disputes that are not legal issues.

Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no vivādo? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, kiccādhikaraṇaṁ— idaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no vivādo.

How is there a legal issue that is not a dispute? A legal issue arising from an accusation, a legal issue arising from an offense, a legal issue arising from business— these are legal issues that are not disputes.

Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca? Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ adhikaraṇañceva vivādo ca.

How is there a legal issue that is also a dispute? A legal issue arising from a dispute is a legal issue and also a dispute.

Anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṁ, adhikaraṇaṁ no anuvādo, adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca? Siyā anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ, siyā anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇaṁ no anuvādo, siyā adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca.

Are there accusations that are also legal issues arising from accusations? Are there accusations that are not legal issues? Are there legal issues that are not accusations? Are there legal issues that are also accusations? There are accusations that are also legal issues arising from accusations. There are accusations that are not legal issues. There are legal issues that are not accusations. There are legal issues that are also accusations.

Tattha katamo anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ? Idha bhikkhū bhikkhuṁ anuvadanti sīlavipattiyā vā ācāravipattiyā vā diṭṭhivipattiyā vā ājīvavipattiyā vā. Yo tattha anuvādo, anuvadanā anullapanā anubhaṇanā anusampavaṅkatā abbhussahanatā anubalappadānaṁ— ayaṁ anuvādo anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there an accusation that is also a legal issue arising from an accusation? It may be that monks accuse a monk of failure in morality, conduct, view, or livelihood. In regard to this, whatever there is of accusations, accusing, allegations, blame, taking sides because of friendship, taking part in the accusation, or supporting the accusation— this is an accusation that is also a legal issue arising from an accusation.

Tattha katamo anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṁ? Mātāpi puttaṁ anuvadati, puttopi mātaraṁ anuvadati, pitāpi puttaṁ anuvadati, puttopi pitaraṁ anuvadati, bhātāpi bhātaraṁ anuvadati, bhātāpi bhaginiṁ anuvadati, bhaginīpi bhātaraṁ anuvadati, sahāyopi sahāyaṁ anuvadati— ayaṁ anuvādo no adhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there an accusation that is not a legal issue? A mother accuses her offspring; an offspring their mother; a father his offspring; an offspring their father; a brother his brother; a brother his sister; a sister her brother; a friend their friend— these are accusations that are not legal issues.

Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no anuvādo? Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ vivādādhikaraṇaṁ— idaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no anuvādo.

How is there a legal issue that is not an accusation? A legal issue arising from an offense, a legal issue arising from business, a legal issue arising from a dispute— these are legal issues that are not accusations.

Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca? Anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ adhikaraṇañceva anuvādo ca.

How is there a legal issue that is also an accusation? A legal issue arising from an accusation is a legal issue and also an accusation.

Āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, āpatti no adhikaraṇaṁ, adhikaraṇaṁ no āpatti, adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca? Siyā āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ, siyā āpatti no adhikaraṇaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇaṁ no āpatti, siyā adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca.

Are there offenses that are also legal issues arising from an offense? Are there offenses that are not legal issues? Are there legal issues that are not offenses? Are there legal issues that are also offenses? There are offenses that are also legal issues arising from an offense. There are offenses that are not legal issues. There are legal issues that are not offenses. There are legal issues that are also offenses.

Tattha katamā āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ? Pañcapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Sattapi āpattikkhandhā āpattādhikaraṇaṁ. Ayaṁ āpatti āpattādhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there an offense that is also a legal issue arising from an offense? There are legal issues arising from offenses because of the five classes of offenses, and there are legal issues arising from offenses because of the seven classes of offenses— these are offenses that are also legal issues arising from an offense.

Tattha katamā āpatti no adhikaraṇaṁ? Sotāpatti samāpatti— ayaṁ āpatti no adhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there an offense that is not a legal issue? The attainment of streamentry— this is an offense/attainment that is not a legal issue.

Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no āpatti? Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ vivādādhikaraṇaṁ anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ— idaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no āpatti.

How is there a legal issue that is not an offense? A legal issue arising from business, a legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation— these are legal issues that are not offenses.

Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca? Āpattādhikaraṇaṁ adhikaraṇañceva āpatti ca.

How is there a legal issue that is also an offense? A legal issue arising from an offense is a legal issue and also an offense.

Kiccaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, kiccaṁ no adhikaraṇaṁ, adhikaraṇaṁ no kiccaṁ, adhikaraṇañceva kiccañca? Siyā kiccaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ, siyā kiccaṁ no adhikaraṇaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇaṁ no kiccaṁ, siyā adhikaraṇañceva kiccañca.

Is there business that is also a legal issue arising from business? Is there business that is not a legal issue? Are there legal issues that are not business? Are there legal issues that are also business? There is business that is also a legal issue arising from business. There is business that is not a legal issue. There are legal issues that are not business. There are legal issues that are also business.

Tattha katamaṁ kiccaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ? Yā saṅghassa kiccayatā karaṇīyatā apalokanakammaṁ ñattikammaṁ ñattidutiyakammaṁ ñatticatutthakammaṁ— idaṁ kiccaṁ kiccādhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there business that is also a legal issue arising from business? Whatever is the duty or the business of the Sangha—a legal procedure consisting of getting permission, a legal procedure consisting of one motion, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and one announcement, a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements— this is business that is also a legal issue arising from business.

Tattha katamaṁ kiccaṁ no adhikaraṇaṁ? Ācariyakiccaṁ upajjhāyakiccaṁ samānupajjhāyakiccaṁ samānācariyakiccaṁ— idaṁ kiccaṁ no adhikaraṇaṁ.

How is there business that is not a legal issue? The duty to a teacher, the duty to a preceptor, the duty to a co-student, the duty to a co-pupil— these kinds of business are not legal issues.

Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no kiccaṁ? Vivādādhikaraṇaṁ anuvādādhikaraṇaṁ āpattādhikaraṇaṁ— idaṁ adhikaraṇaṁ no kiccaṁ.

How is there a legal issue that is not business? A legal issue arising from a dispute, a legal issue arising from an accusation, a legal issue arising from an offense— these are legal issues that are not business.

Tattha katamaṁ adhikaraṇañceva kiccañca? Kiccādhikaraṇaṁ adhikaraṇañceva kiccaṁ cāti.

How is there a legal issue that is also business? A legal issue arising from business is a legal issue and also business.”