Bu Np 22

22. Ūnapañcabandhanasikkhāpada

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṁ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarena kumbhakārena bhikkhū pavāritā honti— “yesaṁ ayyānaṁ pattena attho ahaṁ pattenā”ti. Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū na mattaṁ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpenti. Yesaṁ khuddakā pattā te mahante patte viññāpenti. Yesaṁ mahantā pattā te khuddake patte viññāpenti. Atha kho so kumbhakāro bhikkhūnaṁ bahū patte karonto na sakkoti aññaṁ vikkāyikaṁ bhaṇḍaṁ kātuṁ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadārāpissa kilamanti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na mattaṁ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpessanti. Ayaṁ imesaṁ bahū patte karonto na sakkoti aññaṁ vikkāyikaṁ bhaṇḍaṁ kātuṁ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadārāpissa kilamantī”ti. Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma bhikkhū na mattaṁ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpessantī”ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū te anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū na mattaṁ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpentīti? “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā na mattaṁ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpessanti. Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… vigarahitvā dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— “na, bhikkhave, patto viññāpetabbo. Yo viññāpeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā”ti.

Exchanging an almsbowl with fewer than five mends Origin story

At one time the Buddha was staying in the Sakyan country in the Banyan Tree Monastery at Kapilavatthu. At that time a potter had invited the monks, saying, “If any of you needs an almsbowl, I’ll provide it.” But the monks had no sense of moderation, and they asked for many bowls. Those who had small bowls asked for large ones, and those who had large bowls asked for small ones. The potter was so busy making bowls for the monks that he was unable to make goods for sale. He could not make a living for himself, and his wives and children suffered. People complained and criticized them, “How can the Sakyan monastics have no sense of moderation and ask for many bowls? This potter is so busy making bowls for them that he is unable to make goods for sale. He is unable to make a living for himself, and his wives and children are suffering.” The monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, “How can those monks have no sense of moderation and ask for many bowls?” After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: “Is it true, monks, that there are monks who do this?” “It’s true, sir.” The Buddha rebuked them … “How can those foolish men do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” After rebuking them, he gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “Monks, a monk should not ask for an almsbowl. If he does, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.”

Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno patto bhinno hoti. Atha kho so bhikkhu—“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ pattaṁ viññāpetun”ti kukkuccāyanto na viññāpeti. Hatthesu piṇḍāya carati. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā hatthesu piṇḍāya carissanti, seyyathāpi titthiyā”ti. Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— “anujānāmi, bhikkhave, naṭṭhapattassa vā bhinnapattassa vā pattaṁ viññāpetun”ti.

Soon afterwards the bowl of a certain monk broke. Knowing that the Buddha had prohibited asking for a bowl and being afraid of wrongdoing, he did not ask for a new one. As a consequence, he collected almsfood with his hands. People complained and criticized him, “How can the Sakyan monastics collect almsfood with their hands, just like the monastics of other religions?” The monks heard the complaints of those people and they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “Monks, I allow you to ask for a new almsbowl if your bowl has been lost or is broken.”

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū—“bhagavatā anuññātaṁ naṭṭhapattassa vā bhinnapattassa vā pattaṁ viññāpetun”ti appamattakenapi bhinnena appamattakenapi khaṇḍena vilikhitamattenapi bahū patte viññāpenti. Atha kho so kumbhakāro bhikkhūnaṁ tatheva bahū patte karonto na sakkoti aññaṁ vikkāyikaṁ bhaṇḍaṁ kātuṁ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadārāpissa kilamanti. Manussā tatheva ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā na mattaṁ jānitvā bahū patte viññāpessanti. Ayaṁ imesaṁ bahū patte karonto na sakkoti aññaṁ vikkāyikaṁ bhaṇḍaṁ kātuṁ, attanāpi na yāpeti, puttadārāpissa kilamantī”ti. Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū appamattakenapi bhinnena appamattakenapi khaṇḍena vilikhitamattenapi bahū patte viññāpessantī”ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū chabbaggiye bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, appamattakenapi bhinnena appamattakenapi khaṇḍena vilikhitamattenapi bahū patte viññāpethā”ti? “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, appamattakenapi bhinnena appamattakenapi khaṇḍena vilikhitamattenapi bahū patte viññāpessatha. Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

When they heard about the Buddha’s allowance, the monks from the group of six asked for many bowls even when their existing bowls only had a minor chip or scratch. Once again that potter was so busy making bowls for the monks that he was unable to make goods for sale. He could not make a living for himself, and his wives and children suffered. And people complained and criticized them as before. The monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, “How can the monks from the group of six ask for many bowls even when their existing bowls only have a minor chip or scratch?” After rebuking those monks in many ways, they told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: “Is it true, monks, that you do this?” “It’s true, sir.” The Buddha rebuked them … “Foolish men, how could you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu ūnapañcabandhanena pattena aññaṁ navaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeyya, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.

Final ruling

‘If a monk exchanges an almsbowl with fewer than five mends for a new almsbowl, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Tena bhikkhunā so patto bhikkhuparisāya nissajjitabbo. Yo ca tassā bhikkhuparisāya pattapariyanto so tassa bhikkhuno padātabbo— ‘ayaṁ te, bhikkhu, patto yāva bhedanāya dhāretabbo’ti. Ayaṁ tattha sāmīcī”ti.

That monk should relinquish that almsbowl to a gathering of monks. He should then be given the last almsbowl belonging to that gathering: “Monk, this bowl is yours. Keep it until it breaks.” This is the proper procedure.’”

Yo panāti yo yādiso …pe… bhikkhūti …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti. Ūnapañcabandhano nāma patto abandhano vā ekabandhano vā dvibandhano vā tibandhano vā catubandhano vā. Abandhanokāso nāma patto yassa dvaṅgulā rāji na hoti. Bandhanokāso nāma patto yassa dvaṅgulā rāji hoti. Navo nāma patto viññattiṁ upādāya vuccati. Cetāpeyyāti viññāpeti, payoge dukkaṭaṁ. Paṭilābhena nissaggiyo hoti. Saṅghamajjhe nissajjitabbo. Sabbeheva adhiṭṭhitapattaṁ gahetvā sannipatitabbaṁ. Na lāmako patto adhiṭṭhātabbo— “mahagghaṁ pattaṁ gahessāmī”ti. Sace lāmakaṁ pattaṁ adhiṭṭheti— “mahagghaṁ pattaṁ gahessāmī”ti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbo. Tena bhikkhunā saṅghaṁ upasaṅkamitvā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vuḍḍhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pāde vanditvā ukkuṭikaṁ nisīditvā añjaliṁ paggahetvā evamassa vacanīyo— “ayaṁ me, bhante, patto ūnapañcabandhanena pattena cetāpito nissaggiyo. Imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmī”ti. Nissajjitvā āpatti desetabbā. Byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena āpatti paṭiggahetabbā. Pañcahaṅgehi samannāgato bhikkhu pattaggāhāpako sammannitabbo— yo na chandāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na dosāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na mohāgatiṁ gaccheyya, na bhayāgatiṁ gaccheyya, gāhitāgāhitañca jāneyya. “Evañca pana, bhikkhave, sammannitabbo. Paṭhamaṁ bhikkhu yācitabbo. Yācitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ pattaggāhāpakaṁ sammanneyya. Esā ñatti. Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Saṅgho itthannāmaṁ bhikkhuṁ pattaggāhāpakaṁ sammannati. Yassāyasmato khamati itthannāmassa bhikkhuno pattaggāhāpakassa sammuti, so tuṇhassa; yassa nakkhamati, so bhāseyya. Sammato saṅghena itthannāmo bhikkhu pattaggāhāpako. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṁ dhārayāmī’”ti. Tena sammatena bhikkhunā patto gāhetabbo. Thero vattabbo— “gaṇhātu, bhante, thero pattan”ti. Sace thero gaṇhāti, therassa patto dutiyassa gāhetabbo. Na ca tassa anuddayatāya na gahetabbo. Yo na gaṇheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Apattakassa na gāhetabbo. Eteneva upāyena yāva saṅghanavakā gāhetabbo. Yo ca tassā bhikkhuparisāya pattapariyanto, so tassa bhikkhuno padātabbo— “ayaṁ te, bhikkhu, patto yāva bhedanāya dhāretabbo”ti. Tena bhikkhunā so patto na adese nikkhipitabbo, na abhogena bhuñjitabbo, na vissajjetabbo— “kathāyaṁ patto nasseyya vā vinasseyya vā bhijjeyya vā”ti? Sace adese vā nikkhipati abhogena vā bhuñjati vissajjeti vā, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ayaṁ tattha sāmīcīti ayaṁ tattha anudhammatā.

Definitions

A: whoever … Monk: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. An almsbowl with fewer than five mends: it has no mends, one mend, two mends, three mends, or four mends. An almsbowl with a mend that does not count: one that does not have a fracture of 3.5 cm. An almsbowl with a mend that counts: one that does have a fracture of 3.5 cm. New almsbowl: asked for is what is meant. Exchanges: if he asks, then for the effort there is an act of wrong conduct. When he gets the bowl, it becomes subject to relinquishment. It should be relinquished in the midst of the Sangha. All determined bowls should be brought together. One should not determine an inferior bowl, thinking, “I’ll get a valuable one.” If one determines an inferior bowl, thinking, “I’ll get a valuable one,” one commits an offense of wrong conduct. “And, monks, it should be relinquished like this. After approaching the Sangha, that monk should arrange his upper robe over one shoulder and pay respect at the feet of the senior monks. He should then squat on his heels, raise his joined palms, and say: ‘Venerables, this almsbowl, which I got in exchange for a bowl that had fewer than five mends, is to be relinquished. I relinquish it to the Sangha.’” After relinquishing it, he should confess the offense. The confession should be received by a competent and capable monk. A monk who has five qualities should be appointed as the distributor of almsbowls: he’s not biased by favoritism, ill will, confusion, or fear, and he knows what has and has not been distributed. “And, monks, he should be appointed like this. First the monk should be asked, and then a competent and capable monk should inform the Sangha: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. If the Sangha is ready, it should appoint monk so-and-so as the distributor of almsbowls. This is the motion. Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. The Sangha appoints monk so-and-so as the distributor of almsbowls. Any monk who approves of appointing monk so-and-so as the distributor of almsbowls should remain silent. Any monk who doesn’t approve should speak up. The Sangha has appointed monk so-and-so as the distributor of almsbowls. The Sangha approves and is therefore silent. I will remember it thus.’” The appointed monk should give away that relinquished bowl. He should ask the most senior monk, “Sir, would you like this bowl?” If the most senior monk takes it, his old bowl should be offered to the next monk. He should not not take that bowl out of sympathy. If he does, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. It is not to be offered to anyone who does not have bowl. In this manner it should be offered all the way to the most junior monk in the Sangha. He should then be given the last almsbowl belonging to that gathering: “Monk, this bowl is yours. Keep it until it breaks”: That monk is not to store that bowl in an unsuitable place, use it in an unsuitable way, or give it away, thinking, “How may this bowl be lost, destroyed, or broken?” If he stores it in an unsuitable place, uses it in an unsuitable way, or gives it away, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. This is the proper procedure: this is the right method.

Abandhanena pattena abandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Abandhanena pattena ekabandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Abandhanena pattena dvibandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Abandhanena pattena tibandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Abandhanena pattena catubandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Ekabandhanena pattena abandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Ekabandhanena pattena ekabandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Ekabandhanena pattena dvibandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Ekabandhanena pattena tibandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Ekabandhanena pattena catubandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Dvibandhanena pattena abandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Dvibandhanena pattena ekabandhanaṁ pattaṁ …pe… dvibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Tibandhanena pattena abandhanaṁ pattaṁ …pe… ekabandhanaṁ pattaṁ dvibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Catubandhanena pattena abandhanaṁ pattaṁ …pe… ekabandhanaṁ pattaṁ … dvibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Abandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Abandhanena pattena ekabandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ …pe… dvibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Ekabandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ …pe… ekabandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … dvibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Dvibandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ …pe… catubandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Tibandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ …pe… catubandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Catubandhanena pattena abandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ …pe… ekabandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … dvibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Abandhanokāsena pattena abandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Abandhanokāsena pattena ekabandhanaṁ pattaṁ …pe… dvibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Catubandhanokāsena pattena abandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Catubandhanokāsena pattena ekabandhanaṁ pattaṁ …pe… dvibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Abandhanokāsena pattena abandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ …pe… ekabandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … dvibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Catubandhanokāsena pattena abandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ …pe… ekabandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … dvibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … tibandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ … catubandhanokāsaṁ pattaṁ cetāpeti, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.

Permutations

If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl without mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with one mend, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with two mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with three mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl without mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with one mend, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with two mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with three mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl without mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with three mends for a bowl without mends … for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … If he exchanges a bowl with three mends for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with four mends for a bowl without mends … for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl without mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl without mends for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl without mends that count … for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with one mend for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl without mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with two mends for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with three mends for a bowl without mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with three mends for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl with four mends for a bowl without mends that count … for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends that count for a bowl without mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends that count for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl without mends … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl with one mend … for a bowl with two mends … for a bowl with three mends … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl with four mends, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If he exchanges a bowl without mends that count for a bowl without mends that count … for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl without mends that count for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl without mends that count … for a bowl with one mend that counts … for a bowl with two mends that count … for a bowl with three mends that count … If he exchanges a bowl with four mends that count for a bowl with four mends that count, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.

Anāpatti—

Non-offenses

There is no offense:

naṭṭhapattassa, bhinnapattassa, ñātakānaṁ pavāritānaṁ, aññassatthāya, attano dhanena, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.

if his almsbowl is lost; if his almsbowl is broken; if it is from relatives; if it is from those who have given an invitation; if it is for the benefit of someone else; if it is by means of his own property; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.