Bu Pc 46

46. Cārittasikkhāpada

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa upaṭṭhākakulaṁ āyasmantaṁ upanandaṁ sakyaputtaṁ bhattena nimantesi. Aññepi bhikkhū bhattena nimantesi. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto purebhattaṁ, kulāni payirupāsati. Atha kho te bhikkhū te manusse etadavocuṁ— “dethāvuso, bhattan”ti. “Āgametha, bhante, yāvāyyo upanando āgacchatī”ti. Dutiyampi kho te bhikkhū …pe… tatiyampi kho te bhikkhū te manusse etadavocuṁ— “dethāvuso, bhattaṁ; pure kālo atikkamatī”ti. “Yampi mayaṁ, bhante, bhattaṁ karimhā ayyassa upanandassa kāraṇā. Āgametha, bhante, yāvāyyo upanando āgacchatī”ti. Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto purebhattaṁ kulāni payirupāsitvā divā āgacchati. Bhikkhū na cittarūpaṁ bhuñjiṁsu. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjissatī”ti …pe… “saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, upananda, nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjasī”ti? “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjissasi. Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Visiting families before a meal Origin story First substory

At one time when the Buddha was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, a family that was supporting Venerable Upananda the Sakyan had invited him to a meal, and they had invited other monks too. But since Upananda was visiting other families before that meal, the other monks said to that family, “Please give the meal.” “Please wait, sirs, until Venerable Upananda arrives.” A second time … A third time those monks said, “Please give the meal before it is too late.” “But we prepared the meal because of Venerable Upananda. Please wait until he arrives.” Then, after visiting those families, Upananda arrived late, and those monks did not eat as much as they had intended. The monks of few desires complained and criticized Upananda, “How can Venerable Upananda visit families first when invited to a meal?” … “Is it true, Upananda, that you do this?” “It’s true, sir.” The Buddha rebuked him … “Foolish man, how can you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, pācittiyan”ti.

First preliminary ruling

‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa upaṭṭhākakulaṁ saṅghassatthāya khādanīyaṁ pāhesi— “ayyassa upanandassa dassetvā saṅghassa dātabban”ti. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto gāmaṁ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho hoti. Atha kho te manussā ārāmaṁ gantvā bhikkhū pucchiṁsu— “kahaṁ, bhante, ayyo upanando”ti? “Esāvuso, āyasmā upanando sakyaputto gāmaṁ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho”ti. “Idaṁ, bhante, khādanīyaṁ ayyassa upanandassa dassetvā saṅghassa dātabban”ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— “tena hi, bhikkhave, paṭiggahetvā nikkhipatha yāva upanando āgacchatī”ti. Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto—“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjitun”ti pacchābhattaṁ kulāni payirupāsitvā divā paṭikkami, khādanīyaṁ ussāriyittha. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto pacchābhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjissatī”ti …pe… “saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, upananda, pacchābhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjasī”ti? “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, pacchābhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjissasi. Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Second substory

Soon afterwards a family that was supporting Upananda sent fresh food to the Sangha. They instructed that the food should be shown to Upananda and then given to the Sangha. But on that occasion Upananda had gone to the village for alms. When those people arrived at the monastery, they asked for Upananda, and they were told where he was. They said, “Venerables, after showing it to Venerable Upananda, this fresh food is to be given to the Sangha.” The monks told the Buddha, who then gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “Well then, monks, receive it and put it aside until Upananda returns.” When he heard that the Buddha had prohibited visiting families before the meal, Upananda visited them after the meal instead. As a consequence, he returned late to the monastery, and the food had to be returned to the donors. The monks of few desires complained and criticized Upananda, “How can Venerable Upananda visit families after the meal?” … “Is it true, Upananda, that you do this?” “It’s true, sir.” The Buddha rebuked him … “Foolish man, how can you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, pācittiyan”ti.

Second preliminary ruling

‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand or afterwards, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū cīvaradānasamaye kukkuccāyantā kulāni na payirupāsanti. Cīvaraṁ parittaṁ uppajjati. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvaradānasamaye kulāni payirupāsituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Third substory

Soon afterwards it was the robe-giving season. But being afraid of wrongdoing, the monks did not visit families. As a result, they only got a small amount of robe-cloth. They told the Buddha. … “Monks, I allow you to visit families during the robe-giving season. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Third preliminary ruling

‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand or afterwards, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Cīvaradānasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti. Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

This is the appropriate occasion: it is the robe-giving season.’” In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū cīvarakammaṁ karonti, attho ca hoti sūciyāpi suttenapi satthakenapi. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā kulāni na payirupāsanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvarakārasamaye kulāni payirupāsituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Fourth substory

Soon afterwards the monks were making robes, and they needed a needle, thread, and scissors. But being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not visit families. They told the Buddha. … “Monks, I allow you to visit families at a time of making robes. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Fourth preliminary ruling

‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand or afterwards, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti. Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

These are the appropriate occasions: it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes.’” In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānā honti, attho ca hoti bhesajjehi. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā kulāni na payirupāsanti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, santaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpucchā kulāni payirupāsituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Fifth substory

Soon afterwards there were sick monks who needed medicines. But being afraid of wrongdoing, the monks did not visit families. They told the Buddha. … “Monks, I allow you to visit families after informing an available monk. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Final ruling

‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand or afterwards without informing an available monk, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.

These are the appropriate occasions: it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes.’”

Yo panāti yo yādiso …pe… bhikkhūti …pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti. Nimantito nāma pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññatarena bhojanena nimantito. Sabhatto nāma yena nimantito tena sabhatto. Santaṁ nāma bhikkhuṁ sakkā hoti āpucchā pavisituṁ. Asantaṁ nāma bhikkhuṁ na sakkā hoti āpucchā pavisituṁ. Purebhattaṁ nāma yena nimantito taṁ abhuttāvī. Pacchābhattaṁ nāma yena nimantito taṁ antamaso kusaggenapi bhuttaṁ hoti. Kulaṁ nāma cattāri kulāni— khattiyakulaṁ, brāhmaṇakulaṁ, vessakulaṁ, suddakulaṁ. Kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyyāti aññassa gharūpacāraṁ okkamantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa. Paṭhamaṁ pādaṁ ummāraṁ atikkāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Dutiyaṁ pādaṁ atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Aññatra samayāti ṭhapetvā samayaṁ. Cīvaradānasamayo nāma anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimo māso, atthate kathine pañca māsā. Cīvarakārasamayo nāma cīvare kayiramāne.

Definitions

A: whoever … Monk: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case. Invited: invited to eat any of the five cooked foods. To a meal: the invitation includes a meal. An available monk: he is able to inform and then enter. No available monk: he is not able to inform and then enter. Beforehand: he has not yet eaten what he has been invited to eat. Afterwards: even if he has just eaten what fits on the tip of a blade of grass from what he has been invited to eat. A family: there are four kinds of families: the aristocratic family, the brahmin family, the merchant family, the worker family. Visits families: if he enters the vicinity of someone else’s house, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If he crosses the threshold with the first foot, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If he crosses the threshold with the second foot, he commits an offense entailing confession. Except on an appropriate occasion: unless it is an appropriate occasion. It is the robe-giving season: for one who has not participated in the robe-making ceremony, it is the last month of the rainy season. For one who has participated in the robe-making ceremony, it is the five-month period. It is a time of making robes: when he is making robes.

Nimantite nimantitasaññī santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjati, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Nimantite vematiko santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjati, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Nimantite animantitasaññī santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjati, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Animantite nimantitasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Animantite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Animantite animantitasaññī, anāpatti.

Permutations

If he has been invited, and he perceives that he has, and he visits families beforehand or afterwards without informing an available monk, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If he has been invited, but he is unsure of it, and he visits families beforehand or afterwards without informing an available monk, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If he has been invited, but he does not perceive that he has, and he visits families beforehand or afterwards without informing an available monk, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If he has not been invited, but he perceives that he has, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If he has not been invited, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If he has not been invited, and he does not perceive that he has, there is no offense.

Anāpatti— samaye, santaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpucchā pavisati, asantaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā pavisati, aññassa gharena maggo hoti, gharūpacārena maggo hoti, antarārāmaṁ gacchati, bhikkhunupassayaṁ gacchati, titthiyaseyyaṁ gacchati, paṭikkamanaṁ gacchati, bhattiyagharaṁ gacchati, āpadāsu, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: if it is an appropriate occasion; if he enters after informing an available monk; if, when there is no available monk, he enters without informing anyone; if the road passes someone else’s house; if the road passes the vicinity of someone else’s house; if he is going between monasteries; if he is going to a nunnery; if he is going to the dwelling place of the monastics of another religion; if he is returning to the monastery; if he is going to the house where he has been invited; if there is an emergency; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.