Kd 19

19. Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhaka 1. Pātimokkhuddesayācana

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati pubbārāme migāramātu pāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno hoti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā nikkhante paṭhame yāme uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “abhikkantā, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho. Uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṁ pātimokkhan”ti. Evaṁ vutte, bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā nikkhante majjhime yāme uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “abhikkantā, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto majjhimo yāmo, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho. Uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṁ pātimokkhan”ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā nikkhante pacchime yāme uddhaste aruṇe nandimukhiyā rattiyā uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “abhikkantā, bhante, ratti, nikkhanto pacchimo yāmo, uddhastaṁ aruṇaṁ nandimukhi ratti, ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho. Uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṁ pātimokkhan”ti. “Aparisuddhā, ānanda, parisā”ti.

The chapter on the cancellation of the Monastic Code 1. The request for the recitation of the Monastic Code

At one time on the observance day, when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Eastern Monastery, in Migāramāta’s stilt house, he was seated surrounded by the Sangha of monks. Then, when the night was well advanced and the first part of the night was over, Venerable Ānanda got up from his seat, arranged his upper robe over one shoulder, raise his joined palms, and said to the Buddha, “Sir, the night is well advanced and the first part of the night is over. The Sangha of monks has been seated for a long time. Please recite the Monastic Code.” The Buddha did not reply. At the end of the middle part of the night, Venerable Ānanda asked a second time, and again received no reply. At the end of the last part of the night, when the sky was flaring up at dawn, he asked a third time. And the Buddha replied, “Ānanda, the gathering is impure.”

Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi— “kaṁ nu kho bhagavā puggalaṁ sandhāya evamāha— ‘aparisuddhā, ānanda, parisā’”ti? Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno sabbāvantaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ cetasā ceto paricca manasākāsi. Addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṁ puggalaṁ dussīlaṁ pāpadhammaṁ asucisaṅkassarasamācāraṁ paṭicchannakammantaṁ assamaṇaṁ samaṇapaṭiññaṁ abrahmacāriṁ brahmacāripaṭiññaṁ antopūtiṁ avassutaṁ kasambujātaṁ majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinnaṁ. Disvāna yena so puggalo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā taṁ puggalaṁ etadavoca— “uṭṭhehi, āvuso, diṭṭhosi bhagavatā; natthi te bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ saṁvāso”ti. Evaṁ vutte, so puggalo tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṁ puggalaṁ etadavoca— “uṭṭhehi, āvuso, diṭṭhosi bhagavatā; natthi te bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ saṁvāso”ti. Dutiyampi kho so puggalo tuṇhī ahosi. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṁ puggalaṁ etadavoca— “uṭṭhehi, āvuso, diṭṭhosi bhagavatā; natthi te bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ saṁvāso”ti. Tatiyampi kho so puggalo tuṇhī ahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṁ puggalaṁ bāhāyaṁ gahetvā bahidvārakoṭṭhakā nikkhāmetvā sūcighaṭikaṁ datvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “nikkhāmito so, bhante, puggalo mayā; suddhā parisā; uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṁ pātimokkhan”ti. “Acchariyaṁ, moggallāna, abbhutaṁ, moggallāna, yāva bāhāgahaṇāpi nāma so moghapuriso āgamessatī”ti. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi—

Venerable Mahāmoggallāna thought, “Who is the Buddha talking about?” Reading the minds of the the entire Sangha of monks, he saw that person—immoral, with bad qualities, impure and dubious in conduct, hiding his actions, not a monastic while claiming to be one, not abstaining from sexuality while claiming to do so, rotten inside, lustful, defiled—seated in the midst of the Sangha. He went up to him and said, “Get up, the Buddha has seen you. You don’t belong with the community of monks.” But he did not reply. Mahāmoggallāna said the same thing a second and a third time, still not getting a reply. Mahāmoggallāna then grabbed him by the arms, took him outside the gatehouse, and fastened the bolt and the latch. He then went to the Buddha and said, “Sir, I’ve taken that person outside; the gathering is pure. Please recite the Monastic Code to the monks.” “It’s amazing, Moggallāna, how that fool waited until he was grabbed by the arms.” And the Buddha addressed the monks:

2. Mahāsamuddeaṭṭhacchariya

“Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, ye disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Katame aṭṭha? Mahāsamuddo, bhikkhave, anupubbaninno anupubbapoṇo anupubbapabbhāro na āyatakeneva papāto. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo anupubbaninno anupubbapoṇo anupubbapabbhāro na āyatakeneva papāto— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde paṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ṭhitadhammo velaṁ nātivattati. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ṭhitadhammo velaṁ nātivattati— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde dutiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo na matena kuṇapena saṁvasati. Yaṁ hoti mahāsamudde mataṁ kuṇapaṁ, taṁ khippaññeva tīraṁ vāheti, thalaṁ ussāreti. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo na matena kuṇapena saṁvasati, yaṁ hoti mahāsamudde mataṁ kuṇapaṁ, taṁ khippaññeva tīraṁ vāheti, thalaṁ ussāreti— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde tatiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, yā kāci mahānadiyo, seyyathidaṁ—gaṅgā, yamunā, aciravatī, sarabhū, mahī, tā mahāsamuddaṁ pattā jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni, mahāsamuddotveva saṅkhaṁ gacchanti. Yampi, bhikkhave, yā kāci mahānadiyo, seyyathidaṁ—gaṅgā, yamunā, aciravatī, sarabhū, mahī, tā mahāsamuddaṁ pattā jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni, mahāsamuddotveva saṅkhaṁ gacchanti— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde catuttho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, yā ca loke savantiyo mahāsamuddaṁ appenti, yā ca antalikkhā dhārā papatanti, na tena mahāsamuddassa ūnattaṁ vā pūrattaṁ vā paññāyati. Yampi, bhikkhave, yā ca loke savantiyo mahāsamuddaṁ appenti, yā ca antalikkhā dhārā papatanti, na tena mahāsamuddassa ūnattaṁ vā pūrattaṁ vā paññāyati— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde pañcamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ekaraso loṇaraso. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ekaraso loṇaraso— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde chaṭṭho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo bahuratano anekaratano. Tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṁ—muttā, maṇi, veḷuriyo, saṅkho, silā, pavāḷaṁ, rajataṁ, jātarūpaṁ, lohitako, masāragallaṁ. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo bahuratano anekaratano, tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṁ—muttā, maṇi, veḷuriyo, saṅkho, silā, pavāḷaṁ, rajataṁ, jātarūpaṁ, lohitako, masāragallaṁ— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde sattamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo mahataṁ bhūtānaṁ āvāso. Tatrime bhūtā—timi, timiṅgalo, timitimiṅgalo, asurā, nāgā, gandhabbā. Santi mahāsamudde yojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, dviyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, tiyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, catuyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, pañcayojanasatikāpi attabhāvā. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo mahataṁ bhūtānaṁ āvāso, tatrime bhūtā—timi, timiṅgalo, timitimiṅgalo, asurā, nāgā, gandhabbā; santi mahāsamudde, yojanasatikāpi attabhāvā …pe… pañcayojanasatikāpi attabhāvā— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde aṭṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde aṭṭha acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, ye disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiraman”ti.

2. The eight amazing qualities of the ocean

“Monks, the antigods delight in the ocean because they see eight amazing qualities in it: The ocean slopes and inclines gradually. It doesn’t drop off all at once. The ocean is steady. It doesn’t go beyond the shoreline. The ocean doesn’t tolerate dead bodies, but quickly carries them to the shore and dumps them on dry land. When the great rivers—the Ganges, the Yamunā, the Aciravatī, the Sarabhū, or the Mahī—reach the ocean, they lose their former names and become known simply as the ocean. Whatever rivers in the world flow into the ocean and whatever rain falls into it, the ocean isn’t diminished or filled up because of that. The ocean has only one taste, the taste of salt. The ocean contains many precious things—pearls, gems, beryls, mother-of-pearls, quartz, corals, silver, gold, rubies, and cat’s eyes. There are great beings in the ocean—sea monsters, antigods, dragons, and fairies; creatures with bodies one thousand kilometers long, two thousand, three thousand, four thousand, and five thousand kilometers long.

3. Imasmiṁdhammavinayeaṭṭhacchariya

Evameva kho, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye aṭṭha acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, ye disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Katame aṭṭha? Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo anupubbaninno anupubbapoṇo anupubbapabbhāro na āyatakeneva papāto; evameva kho, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaṭipadā na āyatakeneva aññāpaṭivedho. Yampi, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaṭipadā na āyatakeneva aññāpaṭivedho— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye paṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ṭhitadhammo velaṁ nātivattati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṁ mayā mama sāvakānaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ, taṁ mama sāvakā jīvitahetupi nātikkamanti. Yampi, bhikkhave, mayā mama sāvakānaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ, taṁ mama sāvakā jīvitahetupi nātikkamanti— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye dutiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo na matena kuṇapena saṁvasati, yaṁ hoti mahāsamudde mataṁ kuṇapaṁ taṁ khippameva tīraṁ vāheti, thalaṁ ussāreti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yo so puggalo dussīlo pāpadhammo asucisaṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto, na tena saṅgho saṁvasati, khippameva naṁ sannipatitvā ukkhipati, kiñcāpi kho so hoti majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinno. Atha kho so ārakāva saṅghamhā, saṅgho ca tena. Yampi, bhikkhave, yo so puggalo dussīlo pāpadhammo asucisaṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto, na tena saṅgho saṁvasati, khippameva naṁ sannipatitvā ukkhipati, kiñcāpi kho so hoti majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinno, atha kho so ārakāva saṅghamhā, saṅgho ca tena— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye tatiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yā kāci mahānadiyo, seyyathidaṁ—gaṅgā, yamunā, aciravatī, sarabhū, mahī, tā mahāsamuddaṁ pattā jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni, mahāsamuddotveva saṅkhaṁ gacchanti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, cattārome vaṇṇā—khattiyā, brāhmaṇā, vessā, suddā. Te tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajitvā jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni, samaṇā sakyaputtiyātveva saṅkhaṁ gacchanti. Yampi, bhikkhave, cattārome vaṇṇā khattiyā brāhmaṇā vessā suddā, te tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajitvā jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni, samaṇā sakyaputtiyātveva saṅkhaṁ gacchanti— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye catuttho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yā ca loke savantiyo mahāsamuddaṁ appenti, yā ca antalikkhā dhārā papatanti, na tena mahāsamuddassa ūnattaṁ vā pūrattaṁ vā paññāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bahū cepi bhikkhū anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyanti, na tena nibbānadhātuyā ūnattaṁ vā pūrattaṁ vā paññāyati. Yampi, bhikkhave, bahū cepi bhikkhū anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyanti, na tena nibbānadhātuyā ūnattaṁ vā pūrattaṁ vā paññāyati— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye pañcamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo yaṁ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ekaraso loṇaraso; evameva kho, bhikkhave, ayaṁ dhammavinayo ekaraso vimuttiraso. Yampi, bhikkhave, ayaṁ dhammavinayo ekaraso vimuttiraso— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye chaṭṭho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo bahuratano anekaratano, tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṁ—muttā, maṇi, veḷuriyo, saṅkho, silā, pavāḷaṁ, rajataṁ, jātarūpaṁ, lohitako, masāragallaṁ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, ayaṁ dhammavinayo bahuratano anekaratano. Tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṁ—cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Yampi, bhikkhave, ayaṁ dhammavinayo bahuratano anekaratano, tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṁ—cattāro satipaṭṭhānā …pe… ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye sattamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo mahataṁ bhūtānaṁ āvāso, tatrime bhūtā—timi, timiṅgalo, timitimiṅgalo, asurā, nāgā, gandhabbā, santi mahāsamudde yojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, dviyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, tiyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, catuyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, pañcayojanasatikāpi attabhāvā; evameva kho, bhikkhave, ayaṁ dhammavinayo mahataṁ bhūtānaṁ āvāso. Tatrime bhūtā—sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; sakadāgāmī, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; anāgāmī, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; arahā, arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno. Yampi, bhikkhave, ayaṁ dhammavinayo mahataṁ bhūtānaṁ āvāso, tatrime bhūtā—sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno …pe… arahā, arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno— ayaṁ, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye aṭṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṁ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye aṭṭha acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, ye disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṁ dhammavinaye abhiramantī”ti. Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṁ viditvā tāyaṁ velāyaṁ imaṁ udānaṁ udānesi— “Channamativassati, vivaṭaṁ nātivassati; Tasmā channaṁ vivaretha, evaṁ taṁ nātivassatī”ti.

3. The eight amazing qualities of this spiritual path

“Just so, the monks delight in this spiritual path because they see eight amazing qualities in it: Just as the ocean slopes and inclines gradually, and doesn’t drop off all at once, so too, on this spiritual path, the training is gradual, the practice is gradual, and penetration to perfect insight doesn’t happen all at once. Just as the ocean is steady and doesn’t go beyond the shoreline, so too, on this spiritual path, my disciples don’t transgress the training rules I’ve laid down, even for the sake of life. Just as the ocean doesn’t tolerate dead bodies, but quickly carries them to the shore and dumps them on dry land, so too, the Sangha of monks doesn’t associate with anyone who is immoral—someone with bad qualities, impure and dubious in conduct, hiding his actions, not a monastic while claiming to be one, not abstaining from sexuality while claiming to do so, rotten inside, lustful, defiled. When the Sangha has gathered, they quickly eject him. Even if seated in the midst of the Sangha, he’s far from the Sangha and the Sangha is far from him. Just as when the great rivers—the Ganges, the Yamunā, the Aciravatī, the Sarabhū, or the Mahī—reach the ocean, they lose their former names and become known simply as the ocean, so too, when anyone goes forth on this spiritual path proclaimed by the Buddha—whether an aristocrat, brahmin, merchant, or worker—they lose their former name and class and become known simply as a Sakyan monastic. Just as the ocean doesn’t decrease or fill up because of all the rivers in the world that flow into it or the rain that falls into it, so too, even if many monks are extinguished without remainder, there’s no decrease or filling up of the element of extinguishment. Just as the ocean has only one taste, the taste of salt, so too, this spiritual path has only one taste, the taste of freedom. Just as the ocean contains many precious things—pearls, gems, beryls, mother-of-pearls, quartz, corals, silver, gold, rubies, and cat’s eyes— so too, this spiritual path contains many precious things—the four applications of mindfulness, the four right efforts, the four foundations for supernormal power, the five spiritual faculties, the five spiritual powers, the seven factors of awakening, and the noble eightfold path. Just as there are great beings in the ocean—sea monsters, antigods, dragons, and fairies; creatures with bodies one thousand kilometers long, two thousand, three thousand, four thousand, and five thousand kilometers long— so too, there are great beings on this spiritual path—streamenterers, those practicing for the realization of the fruit of streamentry; once-returners, those practicing for the realization of the fruit of once-returning; non-returners, those practicing for the realization of the fruit of non-returning; perfected ones, and those practicing for the realization of the fruit of perfection.” Seeing the significance of this, on that occasion the Buddha uttered a heartfelt exclamation: “It rains on what’s concealed, Not on what’s revealed. Therefore, reveal the concealed, And it won’t be rained upon.”

4. Pātimokkhasavanāraha

Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi— “nadānāhaṁ, bhikkhave, ito paraṁ uposathaṁ karissāmi, pātimokkhaṁ uddisissāmi. Tumhevadāni, bhikkhave, ito paraṁ uposathaṁ kareyyātha, pātimokkhaṁ uddiseyyātha. Aṭṭhānametaṁ, bhikkhave, anavakāso yaṁ tathāgato aparisuddhāya parisāya uposathaṁ kareyya, pātimokkhaṁ uddiseyya. Na ca, bhikkhave, sāpattikena pātimokkhaṁ sotabbaṁ. Yo suṇeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, yo sāpattiko pātimokkhaṁ suṇāti, tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapetuṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, ṭhapetabbaṁ. Tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāharitabbaṁ— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmo puggalo sāpattiko, tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabban’ti ṭhapitaṁ hoti pātimokkhan”ti.

4. One deserving to hear the Monastic Code

The Buddha addressed the monks: “From now on, monks, I won’t be doing the observance-day ceremony or recite the Monastic Code. You should do it instead. It’s impossible for the Buddha to do the observance-day ceremony and recite the Monastic Code in an impure gathering. And, monks, you shouldn’t listen to the Monastic Code if you have an unconfessed offense. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct. If anyone who has an unconfessed offense listens to the Monastic Code, I allow you to cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. And it should be done like this. On the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person, you should announce: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. So-and-so has an unconfessed offense. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in his presence.’ Then his hearing of the Monastic Code is canceled.”

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū— “nāmhe koci jānātī”ti sāpattikāva pātimokkhaṁ suṇanti. Therā bhikkhū paracittaviduno bhikkhūnaṁ ārocenti— “itthannāmo ca itthannāmo ca, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū— ‘nāmhe koci jānātī’ti sāpattikāva pātimokkhaṁ suṇantī”ti. Assosuṁ kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū— “therā kira bhikkhū paracittaviduno amhe bhikkhūnaṁ ārocenti— ‘itthannāmo ca itthannāmo ca, āvuso, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū— “nāmhe koci jānātī”ti sāpattikāva pātimokkhaṁ suṇantī’”ti. Te— “puramhākaṁ pesalā bhikkhū pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapentī”ti— paṭikacceva suddhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ anāpattikānaṁ avatthusmiṁ akāraṇe pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū suddhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ anāpattikānaṁ avatthusmiṁ akāraṇe pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapessantī”ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, chabbaggiyā bhikkhū suddhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ anāpattikānaṁ avatthusmiṁ akāraṇe pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapentī”ti? “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti …pe… vigarahitvā …pe… dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— “na, bhikkhave, suddhānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ anāpattikānaṁ avatthusmiṁ akāraṇe pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapetabbaṁ. Yo ṭhapeyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

Soon afterwards, thinking that nobody knew about them, the monks from the group of six listened to the Monastic Code while having unconfessed offenses. The senior monks who could read the minds of others informed the monks about this. When they heard about it, the monks from the group of six tried to pre-empt the pure monks by, without reason, canceling their hearing of the Monastic Code. The monks of few desires complained and criticized them, “How could the monks from the group of six cancel the Monastic Code of pure monks without reason?” They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: “Is it true, monks, that the monks from the group of six did this?” “It’s true, sir.” … After rebuking them … the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “You shouldn’t, without reason, cancel the Monastic Code of pure monks who don’t have any offenses. If you do, you commit an offense of wrong conduct.”

5. Dhammikādhammikapātimokkhaṭṭhapana

Ekaṁ, bhikkhave, adhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ, ekaṁ dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ; dve adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, dve dhammikāni; tīṇi adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, tīṇi dhammikāni; cattāri adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, cattāri dhammikāni; pañca adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, pañca dhammikāni; cha adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, cha dhammikāni; satta adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, satta dhammikāni; aṭṭha adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, aṭṭha dhammikāni; nava adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, nava dhammikāni; dasa adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni, dasa dhammikāni.

5. Legitimate and illegitimate canceling of the Monastic Code

“One kind of canceling of the Monastic Code is illegitimate, one is legitimate; two kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code are illegitimate, two are legitimate; three kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code are illegitimate, three are legitimate; four kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code are illegitimate, four are legitimate; five kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code are illegitimate, five are legitimate; six kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code are illegitimate, six are legitimate; seven kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code are illegitimate, seven are legitimate; eight kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code are illegitimate, eight are legitimate; nine kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code are illegitimate, nine are legitimate; ten kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code are illegitimate, ten are legitimate.

Katamaṁ ekaṁ adhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ? Amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— idaṁ ekaṁ adhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ. Katamaṁ ekaṁ dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ? Samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— idaṁ ekaṁ dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ. Katamāni dve adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni dve adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni dve dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, samūlikāya ācāravipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni dve dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni tīṇi adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, amūlikāya diṭṭhivipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni tīṇi adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni tīṇi dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, samūlikāya ācāravipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, samūlikāya diṭṭhivipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni tīṇi dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni cattāri adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, amūlikāya diṭṭhivipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, amūlikāya ājīvavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni cattāri adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni cattāri dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, samūlikāya ācāravipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, samūlikāya diṭṭhivipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, samūlikāya ājīvavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni cattāri dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni pañca adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Amūlakena pārājikena pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, amūlakena saṅghādisesena …pe… amūlakena pācittiyena … amūlakena pāṭidesanīyena … amūlakena dukkaṭena pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni pañca adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni pañca dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Samūlakena pārājikena pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, samūlakena saṅghādisesena …pe… pācittiyena … pāṭidesanīyena … dukkaṭena pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni pañca dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni cha adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya, amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katāya; amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya, amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katāya; amūlikāya diṭṭhivipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya, amūlikāya diṭṭhivipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katāya— imāni cha adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni cha dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya, samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katāya; samūlikāya ācāravipattiyā …pe… diṭṭhivipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya …pe… katāya— imāni cha dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni satta adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Amūlakena pārājikena pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, amūlakena saṅghādisesena …pe… thullaccayena pācittiyena pāṭidesanīyena dukkaṭena dubbhāsitena pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni satta adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni satta dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Samūlakena pārājikena pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti, samūlakena saṅghādisesena …pe… thullaccayena pācittiyena pāṭidesanīyena dukkaṭena dubbhāsitena pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti— imāni satta dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni aṭṭha adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya, amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katāya; amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā …pe… diṭṭhivipattiyā …pe… ājīvavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya …pe… katāya— imāni aṭṭha adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni aṭṭha dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya, samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katāya; samūlikāya ācāravipattiyā …pe… diṭṭhivipattiyā …pe… ājīvavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya …pe… katāya— imāni aṭṭha dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni nava adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya, amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katāya, amūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katākatāya; amūlikāya ācāravipattiyā …pe… diṭṭhivipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya …pe… katāya …pe… katākatāya— imāni nava adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni nava dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya, samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katāya, samūlikāya sīlavipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti katākatāya; samūlikāya ācāravipattiyā …pe… diṭṭhivipattiyā pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapeti akatāya …pe… katāya …pe… katākatāya— imāni nava dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni dasa adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Na pārājiko tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti, na pārājikakathā vippakatā hoti; na sikkhaṁ paccakkhātako tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti, na sikkhaṁ paccakkhātakathā vippakatā hoti; dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ upeti, na dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyati, na dhammikāya sāmaggiyā paccādānakathā vippakatā hoti; na sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti, na ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti, na diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti— imāni dasa adhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni. Katamāni dasa dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni? Pārājiko tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti, pārājikakathā vippakatā hoti; sikkhaṁ paccakkhātako tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti, sikkhaṁ paccakkhātakathā vippakatā hoti; dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ na upeti, dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyati, dhammikāya sāmaggiyā paccādānakathā vippakatā hoti; sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti, ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti, diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti— imāni dasa dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāni.

What’s the one kind of canceling of the Monastic Code that’s illegitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, without grounds, for failure in morality. “What’s the one kind of canceling of the Monastic Code that’s legitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, having grounds, for failure in morality. “What are the two kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are illegitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, without grounds, for failure in morality or failure in conduct. What are the two kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are legitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, having grounds, for failure in morality or failure in conduct. “What are the three kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are illegitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, without grounds, for failure in morality, failure in conduct, or failure in view. What are the three kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are legitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, having grounds, for failure in morality, failure in conduct, or failure in view. “What are the four kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are illegitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, without grounds, for failure in morality, failure in conduct, failure in view, or failure in livelihood. What are the four kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are legitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, having grounds, for failure in morality, failure in conduct, failure in view, or failure in livelihood. “What are the five kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are illegitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, without grounds, for an offense entailing expulsion, an offense entailing suspension, an offense entailing confession, an offense entailing acknowledgment, or an offense of wrong conduct. What are the five kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are legitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, having grounds, for an offense entailing expulsion, an offense entailing suspension, an offense entailing confession, an offense entailing acknowledgment, or an offense of wrong conduct. “What are the six kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are illegitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, without grounds, for the failure in morality of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in morality of one who has failed, the failure in conduct of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in conduct of one who has failed, the failure in view of one who hasn’t failed, or the failure in view of one who has failed. What are the six kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are legitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, having grounds, for the failure in morality of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in morality of one who has failed, the failure in conduct of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in conduct of one who has failed, the failure in view of one who hasn’t failed, or the failure in view of one who has failed. “What are the seven kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are illegitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, without grounds, for an offense entailing expulsion, an offense entailing suspension, a serious offense, an offense entailing confession, an offense entailing acknowledgment, an offense of wrong conduct, or an offense of wrong speech. What are the seven kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are legitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, having grounds, for an offense entailing expulsion, an offense entailing suspension, a serious offense, an offense entailing confession, an offense entailing acknowledgment, an offense of wrong conduct, or an offense of wrong speech. “What are the eight kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are illegitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, without grounds, for the failure in morality of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in morality of one who has failed, for the failure in conduct of one who hasn’t failed, for the failure in conduct of one who has failed, the failure in view of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in view of one who has failed, the failure in livelihood of one who hasn’t failed, or the failure in livelihood of one who has failed. What are the eight kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are legitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, having grounds, for the failure in morality of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in morality of one who has failed, the failure in conduct of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in conduct of one who has failed, the failure in view of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in view of one who has failed, the failure in livelihood of one who hasn’t failed, or the failure in livelihood of one who has failed. “What are the nine kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are illegitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, without grounds, for the failure in morality of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in morality of one who has failed, the failure in morality of one who both has and hasn’t failed, the failure in conduct of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in conduct of one who has failed, the failure in conduct of one who both has and hasn’t failed, the failure in view of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in view of one who has failed, or the failure in view of one who both has and hasn’t failed. What are the nine kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are legitimate? One cancels the Monastic Code, having grounds, for the failure in morality of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in morality of one who has failed, the failure in morality of one who both has and hasn’t failed, the failure in conduct of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in conduct of one who has failed, the failure in conduct of one who both has and hasn’t failed, the failure in view of one who hasn’t failed, the failure in view of one who has failed, or the failure in view of one who both has and hasn’t failed. “What are the ten kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are illegitimate? There’s no one seated in that gathering who has committed an offense entailing expulsion; there’s no unfinished discussion about anyone committing an offense entailing expulsion; there’s no one seated in that gathering who has renounced the training; there’s no unfinished discussion about anyone renouncing the training; the person has gone to a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly; the person doesn’t reopen a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly; there’s no unfinished discussion about the reopening of the legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly; there’s no one seen, heard, or suspected of failure in morality; there’s no one seen, heard, or suspected of failure in conduct; there’s no one seen, heard, or suspected of failure in view. What are the ten kinds of cancelings of the Monastic Code that are legitimate? There’s someone seated in that gathering who has committed an offense entailing expulsion; there’s an unfinished discussion about someone committing an offense entailing expulsion; there’s someone seated in that gathering who has renounced the training; there’s an unfinished discussion about someone renouncing the training; the person hasn’t gone to a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly; the person reopens a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly; there’s an unfinished discussion about the reopening of the legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly; there’s someone seen, heard, or suspected of failure in morality; there’s someone seen, heard, or suspected of failure in conduct; there’s someone seen, heard, or suspected of failure in view.”

6. Dhammikapātimokkhaṭṭhapana

Kathaṁ pārājiko tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti?

6. Legitimate canceling of the Monastic Code One who has committed an offense entailing expulsion

“And how is one who has committed an offense entailing expulsion seated in that gathering?

Idha, bhikkhave, yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi pārājikassa dhammassa ajjhāpatti hoti, tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati pārājikaṁ dhammaṁ ajjhāpajjantaṁ. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati pārājikaṁ dhammaṁ ajjhāpajjantaṁ, api ca añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu pārājikaṁ dhammaṁ ajjhāpanno’ti. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati pārājikaṁ dhammaṁ ajjhāpajjantaṁ, nāpi añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu pārājikaṁ dhammaṁ ajjhāpanno’ti, api ca sova bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘ahaṁ, āvuso, pārājikaṁ dhammaṁ ajjhāpanno’ti. Ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tena diṭṭhena tena sutena tāya parisaṅkāya tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmo puggalo pārājikaṁ dhammaṁ ajjhāpanno, tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’. Bhikkhussa pātimokkhe ṭhapite parisā vuṭṭhāti, dasannaṁ antarāyānaṁ aññatarena— rājantarāyena vā, corantarāyena vā, agyantarāyena vā, udakantarāyena vā, manussantarāyena vā, amanussantarāyena vā, vāḷantarāyena vā, sarīsapantarāyena vā, jīvitantarāyena vā, brahmacariyantarāyena vā. Ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tasmiṁ vā āvāse, aññasmiṁ vā āvāse, tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmassa puggalassa pārājikakathā vippakatā, taṁ vatthu avinicchitaṁ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ vinicchineyyā’ti. Evañcetaṁ labhetha, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ. No ce labhetha, tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāharitabbaṁ— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmassa puggalassa pārājikakathā vippakatā, taṁ vatthu avinicchitaṁ. Tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’.

A monk sees in a monk the characteristics and signs of someone committing an offense entailing expulsion. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk committing an offense entailing expulsion, but another monk informs him that monk so-and-so has committed an offense entailing expulsion. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk committing an offense entailing expulsion, nor does another monk inform him, but the monk himself informs him that he has committed an offense entailing expulsion. Then, on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, he may if he wishes, based on what he has seen, has heard, or suspects, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. So-and-so has committed an offense entailing expulsion. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in his presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate. When the Monastic Code has been canceled for a monk, it may be that the gathering breaks up because of any one of ten threats: a threat from kings, criminals, fire, flooding, people, spirits, predatory animals, snakes, or a threat to life, or threat to the monastic life. Then, if a monk wishes, he may, in that monastery or in another monastery, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. There’s an unfinished discussion about so-and-so committing an offense entailing expulsion. The matter hasn’t been decided. If the Sangha is ready, it should decide that matter.’ If this works out, all is well. If not, then on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person, a monk should announce: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. There’s an unfinished discussion about so-and-so committing an offense entailing expulsion. The matter hasn’t been decided. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in his presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate.”

Kathaṁ sikkhaṁ paccakkhātako tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti? Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi sikkhā paccakkhātā hoti, tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati sikkhaṁ paccakkhantaṁ. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati sikkhaṁ paccakkhantaṁ, api ca añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmena, āvuso, bhikkhunā sikkhā paccakkhātā’ti. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati sikkhaṁ paccakkhantaṁ, nāpi añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmena, āvuso, bhikkhunā sikkhā paccakkhātā’ti, api ca sova bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘mayā, āvuso, sikkhā paccakkhātā’ti. Ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tena diṭṭhena tena sutena tāya parisaṅkāya tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmena puggalena sikkhā paccakkhātā, tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’. Bhikkhussa pātimokkhe ṭhapite parisā vuṭṭhāti, dasannaṁ antarāyānaṁ aññatarena— rājantarāyena vā …pe… brahmacariyantarāyena vā, ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tasmiṁ vā āvāse, aññasmiṁ vā āvāse, tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmassa puggalassa sikkhaṁ paccakkhātakathā vippakatā, taṁ vatthu avinicchitaṁ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ vinicchineyyā’ti. Evañcetaṁ labhetha, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ. No ce labhetha, tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāharitabbaṁ— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmassa puggalassa sikkhaṁ paccakkhātakathā vippakatā, taṁ vatthu avinicchitaṁ. Tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’.

One who has renounced the training

“And how is one who has renounced the training seated in that gathering? A monk sees in a monk the characteristics and signs of someone renouncing the training. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk renouncing the training, but another monk informs him that monk so-and-so has renounced the training. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk renouncing the training, nor does another monk inform him, but the monk himself informs him that he has renounced the training. Then, on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, he may if he wishes, based on what he has seen, has heard, or suspects, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. So-and-so has renounced the training. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in his presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate. When the Monastic Code has been canceled for a monk, it may be that the gathering breaks up because of any one of ten threats: a threat from kings, criminals, fire, flooding, people, spirits, predatory animals, snakes, or a threat to life, or a threat to the monastic life. Then, if a monk wishes, he may, in that monastery or in another monastery, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. There’s an unfinished discussion about so-and-so renouncing the training. The matter hasn’t been decided. If the Sangha is ready, it should decide that matter.’ If this works out, all is well. If not, then on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person, a monk should announce: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. There’s an unfinished discussion about so-and-so renouncing the training. The matter hasn’t been decided. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in his presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate.”

Kathaṁ dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ na upeti? Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi dhammikāya sāmaggiyānupagamanaṁ hoti, tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ na upentaṁ. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ na upentaṁ, api ca añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ na upetī’ti. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ na upentaṁ, nāpi añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ na upetī’ti, api ca sova bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘ahaṁ, āvuso, dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ na upemī’ti. Ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tena diṭṭhena tena sutena tāya parisaṅkāya tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmo puggalo dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ na upeti, tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’.

One who reopens a legitimate legal procedure

“And how does he not go to a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly? A monk sees in a monk the characteristics and signs of someone who doesn’t go to a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk not going to a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly, but another monk informs him that monk so-and-so didn’t go to a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk not going to a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly, nor does another monk inform him, but the monk himself informs him that he didn’t go to a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. Then, on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, he may if he wishes, based on what he has seen, has heard, or suspects, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. So-and-so didn’t go to a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in his presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate.”

Kathaṁ dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi dhammikāya sāmaggiyā paccādānaṁ hoti, tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyantaṁ. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyantaṁ, api ca añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti—‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyatī’ti. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyantaṁ, nāpi añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti—‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyatī’ti, api ca sova bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti—‘ahaṁ, āvuso, dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyāmī’ti. Ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tena diṭṭhena tena sutena tāya parisaṅkāya tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmo puggalo dhammikaṁ sāmaggiṁ paccādiyati, tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’. Bhikkhussa pātimokkhe ṭhapite parisā vuṭṭhāti, dasannaṁ antarāyānaṁ aññatarena— rājantarāyena vā …pe… brahmacariyantarāyena vā. Ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tasmiṁ vā āvāse, aññasmiṁ vā āvāse, tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmassa puggalassa dhammikāya sāmaggiyā paccādānakathā vippakatā, taṁ vatthu avinicchitaṁ. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṁ, saṅgho taṁ vatthuṁ vinicchineyyā’ti. Evañcetaṁ labhetha, iccetaṁ kusalaṁ. No ce labhetha, tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāharitabbaṁ— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmassa puggalassa dhammikāya sāmaggiyā paccādānakathā vippakatā, taṁ vatthu avinicchitaṁ. Tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’.

“And how does he reopen a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly? A monk sees in a monk the characteristics and signs of someone who reopens a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk reopening a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly, but another monk informs him that monk so-and-so has reopened a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk reopening a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly, nor does another monk inform him, but the monk himself informs him that he has reopened a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. Then, on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, he may if he wishes, based on what he has seen, has heard, or suspects, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. So-and-so has reopened a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in his presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate. When the Monastic Code has been canceled for a monk, it may be that the gathering breaks up because of any one of ten threats: a threat from kings, criminals, fire, flooding, people, spirits, predatory animals, snakes, or a threat to life, or a threat to the monastic life. Then, if a monk wishes, he may, in that monastery or in another monastery, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. There’s an unfinished discussion about so-and-so reopening a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. The matter hasn’t been decided. If the Sangha is ready, it should decide that matter.’ If this works out, all is well. If not, then on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person, a monk should announce: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. There’s an unfinished discussion about so-and-so reopening a legitimate legal procedure of a complete assembly. The matter hasn’t been decided. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in his presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate.”

Kathaṁ sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti? Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti, tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitaṁ. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitaṁ, api ca añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito’ti. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitaṁ, nāpi añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito’ti, api ca sova bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘ahaṁ, āvuso, sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitomhī’ti. Ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tena diṭṭhena tena sutena tāya parisaṅkāya tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmo puggalo sīlavipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito, tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’.

Failure in morality, conduct, or view

“And how is failure in morality seen, heard, or suspected? A monk sees in a monk the characteristics and signs of someone who has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in morality. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk who has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in morality, but another monk informs him that monk so-and-so has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in morality. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk who has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in morality, nor does another monk inform him, but the monk himself informs him that he has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in morality. Then, on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, he may if he wishes, based on what he has seen, has heard, or suspects, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. So-and-so has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in morality. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in their presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate.

Kathaṁ ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti? Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitaṁ. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitaṁ, api ca añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito’ti. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitaṁ, nāpi añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito’ti, api ca sova bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘ahaṁ, āvuso, ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitomhī’ti. Ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tena diṭṭhena tena sutena tāya parisaṅkāya tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmo puggalo ācāravipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito, tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’. Kathaṁ diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti? Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito hoti, tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitaṁ. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitaṁ, api ca añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito’ti. Na heva kho bhikkhu bhikkhuṁ passati diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitaṁ, nāpi añño bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘itthannāmo, āvuso, bhikkhu diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito’ti, api ca sova bhikkhu bhikkhussa āroceti— ‘ahaṁ, āvuso, diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkitomhī’ti. Ākaṅkhamāno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tena diṭṭhena tena sutena tāya parisaṅkāya tadahuposathe cātuddase vā pannarase vā tasmiṁ puggale sammukhībhūte saṅghamajjhe udāhareyya— ‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Itthannāmo puggalo diṭṭhivipattiyā diṭṭhasutaparisaṅkito, tassa pātimokkhaṁ ṭhapemi, na tasmiṁ sammukhībhūte pātimokkhaṁ uddisitabbanti— dhammikaṁ pātimokkhaṭṭhapanaṁ’. Imāni dasa dhammikāni pātimokkhaṭṭhapanānī”ti.

And how is failure in conduct seen, heard, or suspected? A monk sees in a monk the characteristics and signs of someone who has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in conduct. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk who has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in conduct, but another monk informs him that monk so-and-so has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in conduct. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk who has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in conduct, nor does another monk inform him, but the monk himself informs him that he has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in conduct. Then, on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, he may if he wishes, based on what he has seen, has heard, or suspects, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. So-and-so has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in conduct. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in their presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate. And how is failure in view seen, heard, or suspected? A monk sees in a monk the characteristics and signs of someone who has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in view. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk who has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in view, but another monk informs him that monk so-and-so has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in view. Or a monk doesn’t see a monk who has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in view, nor does another monk inform him, but the monk himself informs him that he has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in view. Then, on the observance day, whether the fourteenth or the fifteenth, he may if he wishes, based on what he has seen, has heard, or suspects, announce in the midst of the Sangha and in the presence of that person: ‘Please, venerables, I ask the Sangha to listen. So-and-so has been seen, heard, or suspected of failure in view. I cancel his hearing of the Monastic Code. The Monastic Code shouldn’t be recited in their presence.’ This cancellation of the Monastic Code is legitimate. These are the ten legitimate cancellations of the Monastic Code.”

7. Attādānaaṅga

Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “attādānaṁ ādātukāmena, bhante, bhikkhunā katamaṅgasamannāgataṁ attādānaṁ ādātabban”ti? “Attādānaṁ ādātukāmena, upāli, bhikkhunā pañcaṅgasamannāgataṁ attādānaṁ ādātabbaṁ. Attādānaṁ ādātukāmena, upāli, bhikkhunā evaṁ paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘yaṁ kho ahaṁ imaṁ attādānaṁ ādātukāmo, kālo nu kho imaṁ attādānaṁ ādātuṁ udāhu no’ti? Sace, upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘akālo imaṁ attādānaṁ ādātuṁ, no kālo’ti, na taṁ, upāli, attādānaṁ ādātabbaṁ. Sace panupāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘kālo imaṁ attādānaṁ ādātuṁ, no akālo’ti, tenupāli, bhikkhunā uttari paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘yaṁ kho ahaṁ imaṁ attādānaṁ ādātukāmo, bhūtaṁ nu kho idaṁ attādānaṁ udāhu no’ti? Sace, upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘abhūtaṁ idaṁ attādānaṁ, no bhūtan’ti, na taṁ, upāli, attādānaṁ ādātabbaṁ. Sace panupāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘bhūtaṁ idaṁ attādānaṁ, no abhūtan’ti, tenupāli, bhikkhunā uttari paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘yaṁ kho ahaṁ imaṁ attādānaṁ ādātukāmo, atthasañhitaṁ nu kho idaṁ attādānaṁ udāhu no’ti? Sace, upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘anatthasañhitaṁ idaṁ attādānaṁ, no atthasañhitan’ti, na taṁ, upāli, attādānaṁ ādātabbaṁ. Sace panupāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘atthasañhitaṁ idaṁ attādānaṁ, no anatthasañhitan’ti, tenupāli, bhikkhunā uttari paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘imaṁ kho ahaṁ attādānaṁ ādiyamāno labhissāmi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū dhammato vinayato pakkhe udāhu no’ti? Sace, upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘imaṁ kho ahaṁ attādānaṁ ādiyamāno na labhissāmi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū dhammato vinayato pakkhe’ti, na taṁ, upāli, attādānaṁ ādātabbaṁ. Sace panupāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘imaṁ kho ahaṁ attādānaṁ ādiyamāno labhissāmi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū dhammato vinayato pakkhe’ti, tenupāli, bhikkhunā uttari paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘imaṁ kho me attādānaṁ ādiyato bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇaṁ udāhu no’ti? Sace upāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘imaṁ kho me attādānaṁ ādiyato bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, na taṁ, upāli, attādānaṁ ādātabbaṁ. Sace panupāli, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṁ jānāti— ‘imaṁ kho me attādānaṁ ādiyato na bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṁ bhaṇḍanaṁ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṁ saṅghanānākaraṇan’ti, ādātabbaṁ taṁ, upāli, attādānaṁ. Evaṁ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṁ kho, upāli, attādānaṁ ādinnaṁ, pacchāpi avippaṭisārakaraṁ bhavissatī”ti.

7. The qualities needed to raise an issue

Venerable Upāli went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and said, “Sir, if a monk wishes to raise an issue, what factors should be fulfilled?” “Five factors should be fulfilled: He should reflect whether it’s the right time to raise it. If he knows it’s the wrong time, he shouldn’t raise it. But if he knows it’s the right time, he should reflect further whether it’s a real issue. If he knows it’s not, he shouldn’t raise it. But if he knows it is, he should reflect further whether raising it will be beneficial. If he knows it won’t, he shouldn’t raise it. But if he knows it will, he should reflect further whether the monks who are on the side of the Teaching and the Monastic Law will support him. If he knows that they won’t, he shouldn’t raise it. But if he knows that they will, he should reflect further whether raising the issue will lead to arguments and disputes, to fracture and schism in the Sangha. If he knows it will, he shouldn’t raise it. But if he knows it won’t, he may raise it. In this way, when five factors are fulfilled, he won’t regret raising that issue.”

8. Codakenapaccavekkhitabbadhamma

“Codakena, bhante, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena kati dhamme ajjhattaṁ paccavekkhitvā paro codetabbo”ti? “Codakena, upāli, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṁ paccavekkhitvā paro codetabbo. Codakena, upāli, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena evaṁ paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘parisuddhakāyasamācāro nu khomhi, parisuddhenamhi kāyasamācārena samannāgato—acchiddena appaṭimaṁsena? Saṁvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti? No ce, upāli, bhikkhu parisuddhakāyasamācāro hoti, parisuddhena kāyasamācārena samannāgato—acchiddena appaṭimaṁsena, tassa bhavanti vattāro— ‘iṅgha tāva āyasmā kāyikaṁ sikkhassū’ti. Itissa bhavanti vattāro. Puna caparaṁ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena evaṁ paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘parisuddhavacīsamācāro nu khomhi, parisuddhenamhi vacīsamācārena samannāgato—acchiddena appaṭimaṁsena? Saṁvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti? No ce, upāli, bhikkhu parisuddhavacīsamācāro hoti, parisuddhena vacīsamācārena samannāgato— acchiddena appaṭimaṁsena, tassa bhavanti vattāro— ‘iṅgha tāva āyasmā vācasikaṁ sikkhassū’ti. Itissa bhavanti vattāro. Puna caparaṁ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena evaṁ paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘mettaṁ nu kho me cittaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ sabrahmacārīsu anāghātaṁ, saṁvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti? No ce, upāli, bhikkhuno mettacittaṁ paccupaṭṭhitaṁ hoti sabrahmacārīsu anāghātaṁ, tassa bhavanti vattāro— ‘iṅgha tāva āyasmā sabrahmacārīsu mettacittaṁ upaṭṭhāpehī’ti. Itissa bhavanti vattāro. Puna caparaṁ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena evaṁ paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘bahussuto nu khomhi, sutadharo, sutasannicayo? Ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ abhivadanti, tathārūpā me dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā? Saṁvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti? No ce, upāli, bhikkhu bahussuto hoti, sutadharo, sutasannicayo; ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ abhivadanti, tathārūpassa dhammā na bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā, tassa bhavanti vattāro— ‘iṅgha tāva āyasmā āgamaṁ pariyāpuṇassū’ti. Itissa bhavanti vattāro. Puna caparaṁ, upāli, codakena bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena evaṁ paccavekkhitabbaṁ— ‘ubhayāni kho me pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti, suvibhattāni, suppavattīni, suvinicchitāni, suttaso, anubyañjanaso? Saṁvijjati nu kho me eso dhammo udāhu no’ti? No ce, upāli, bhikkhuno ubhayāni pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti, suvibhattāni, suppavattīni, suvinicchitāni, suttaso, anubyañjanaso, ‘idaṁ panāvuso, kattha vuttaṁ bhagavatā’ti, iti puṭṭho na sampāyati, tassa bhavanti vattāro— ‘iṅgha tāva āyasmā vinayaṁ pariyāpuṇassū’ti. Itissa bhavanti vattāro. Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṁ paccavekkhitvā paro codetabbo”ti.

8. The qualities to be reflected on by one who accuses another

“Sir, how many qualities should a monk see in himself before accusing another?” “He should see five qualities in himself. He should reflect, ‘Is my bodily conduct pure and flawless? Is this quality found in me or not?’ If it’s not, there will be those who say, ‘Please train your own bodily conduct first.’ He should reflect, ‘Is my verbal conduct pure and flawless? Is this quality found in me or not?’ If it’s not, there will be those who say, ‘Please train your own verbal conduct first.’ He should reflect, ‘Do I have a mind of good will toward my fellow monastics, a mind free from anger? Is this quality found in me or not?’ If it’s not, there will be those who say, ‘Please set up a mind of good will toward your fellow monastics first.’ He should reflect, ‘Have I learned much and do I retain and accumulate what I’ve learned? Those teachings that are good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, that have a true goal and are well articulated, and that set out the perfectly complete and pure spiritual life—have I learned many such teachings, retained them in mind, recited them verbally, mentally investigated them, and penetrated them well by view? Is this quality found in me or not?’ If it’s not, there will be those who say, ‘Please learn the tradition first.’ He should reflect, ‘Have I properly learned both Monastic Codes in detail; have I analyzed them well, thoroughly mastered them, and investigated them well, both in terms of the rules and their detailed exposition? Is this quality found in me or not?’ If it’s not, then when he’s asked, ‘Where was this said by the Buddha?’ he won’t be able to reply. And there will be those who say, ‘Please learn the Monastic Law first.’ A monk should see these five qualities in himself before accusing another.”

9. Codakenaupaṭṭhāpetabbadhamma

“Codakena, bhante, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena kati dhamme ajjhattaṁ upaṭṭhāpetvā paro codetabbo”ti? “Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṁ upaṭṭhāpetvā paro codetabbo— kālena vakkhāmi, no akālena; bhūtena vakkhāmi, no abhūtena; saṇhena vakkhāmi, no pharusena; atthasaṁhitena vakkhāmi, no anatthasaṁhitena; mettacitto vakkhāmi, no dosantaroti. Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṁ upaṭṭhāpetvā paro codetabbo”ti.

9. The qualities to be set up by one who accuses another

“Sir, how many qualities should a monk set up in himself before accusing another?” “He should set up five qualities in himself: ‘I’ll speak at an appropriate time, not at an inappropriate one; I’ll speak the truth, not falsehood; I’ll speak gently, not harshly; I’ll speak what’s beneficial, not what’s unbeneficial; I’ll speak with a mind of good will, not with ill will.’”

10. Codakacuditakapaṭisaṁyuttakathā

“Adhammacodakassa, bhante, bhikkhuno katihākārehi vippaṭisāro upadahātabbo”ti? “Adhammacodakassa, upāli, bhikkhuno pañcahākārehi vippaṭisāro upadahātabbo— akālenāyasmā codesi, no kālena, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāya; abhūtenāyasmā codesi, no bhūtena, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāya; pharusenāyasmā codesi, no saṇhena, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāya; anatthasaṁhitenāyasmā codesi, no atthasaṁhitena, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāya; dosantaro āyasmā codesi, no mettacitto, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāyāti. Adhammacodakassa, upāli, bhikkhuno imehi pañcahākārehi vippaṭisāro upadahātabbo. Taṁ kissa hetu? Yathā na aññopi bhikkhu abhūtena codetabbaṁ maññeyyā”ti.

10. Discussion on the one who accuses and the one who is accused

“Sir, if a monk accuses another illegitimately, in how many ways should regret be aroused in him?” “Regret should be aroused in him in five ways: ‘Venerable, you’re accusing at the wrong time, not at the right time, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret. You’re accusing falsely, not truthfully, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret. You’re accusing harshly, not gently, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret. You’re accusing unbeneficially, not beneficially, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret. You’re accusing with a mind of ill will, not with a mind of good will, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret.’ These are the five ways regret should be aroused in a monk who accuses another illegitimately. For what reason? So that other monks won’t think of making false accusations.”

“Adhammacuditassa pana, bhante, bhikkhuno katihākārehi avippaṭisāro upadahātabbo”ti? “Adhammacuditassa, upāli, bhikkhuno pañcahākārehi avippaṭisāro upadahātabbo— akālenāyasmā cudito, no kālena, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāya; abhūtenāyasmā cudito, no bhūtena, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāya; pharusenāyasmā cudito, no saṇhena, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāya; anatthasaṁhitenāyasmā cudito, no atthasaṁhitena, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāya; dosantarenāyasmā cudito, no mettacittena, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāyāti. Adhammacuditassa, upāli, bhikkhuno imehi pañcahākārehi avippaṭisāro upadahātabbo”ti.

“And if a monk has been accused illegitimately, in how many ways should non-regret be aroused in him?” “Non-regret should be aroused in him in five ways: ‘Venerable, you’ve been accused at the wrong time, not at the right time, and so there’s no need for you to have regret. You’ve been accused falsely, not truthfully, and so there’s no need for you to have regret. You’ve been accused harshly, not gently, and so there’s no need for you to have regret. You’ve been accused unbeneficially, not beneficially, and so there’s no need for you to have regret. You’ve been accused with a mind of ill will, not with a mind of good will, and so there’s no need for you to have regret.’”

“Dhammacodakassa, bhante, bhikkhuno katihākārehi avippaṭisāro upadahātabbo”ti? “Dhammacodakassa, upāli, bhikkhuno pañcahākārehi avippaṭisāro upadahātabbo— kālenāyasmā codesi, no akālena, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāya; bhūtenāyasmā codesi, no abhūtena, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāya; saṇhenāyasmā codesi, no pharusena, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāya; atthasaṁhitenāyasmā codesi, no anatthasaṁhitena, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāya; mettacitto āyasmā codesi, no dosantaro, alaṁ te avippaṭisārāyāti. Dhammacodakassa, upāli, bhikkhuno imehi pañcahākārehi avippaṭisāro upadahātabbo. Taṁ kissa hetu? Yathā aññopi bhikkhu bhūtena codetabbaṁ maññeyyā”ti.

“And if a monk accuses another legitimately, in how many ways should non-regret be aroused in him?” “Non-regret should be aroused in him in five ways: ‘Venerable, you’re accusing at the right time, not at the wrong time, and so there’s no need for you to have regret. You’re accusing truthfully, not falsely, and so there’s no need for you to have regret. You’re accusing gently, not harshly, and so there’s no need for you to have regret. You’re accusing beneficially, not unbeneficially, and so there’s no need for you to have regret. You’re accusing with a mind of good will, not with a mind of ill will, and so there’s no need for you to have regret.’ These are the five ways non-regret should be aroused in a monk who accuses another legitimately. For what reason? So that other monks will think of making truthful accusations.”

“Dhammacuditassa pana, bhante, bhikkhuno katihākārehi vippaṭisāro upadahātabbo”ti? “Dhammacuditassa, upāli, bhikkhuno pañcahākārehi vippaṭisāro upadahātabbo— kālenāyasmā cudito, no akālena, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāya; bhūtenāyasmā cudito, no abhūtena, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāya; saṇhenāyasmā cudito, no pharusena, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāya; atthasaṁhitenāyasmā cudito, no anatthasaṁhitena, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāya; mettacittenāyasmā cudito, no dosantarena, alaṁ te vippaṭisārāyāti. Dhammacuditassa, upāli, bhikkhuno imehi pañcahākārehi vippaṭisāro upadahātabbo”ti.

“And if a monk has been accused legitimately, in how many ways should regret be aroused in him?” “Regret should be aroused in him in five ways: ‘Venerable, you’ve been accused at the right time, not at the wrong time, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret. You’ve been accused truthfully, not falsely, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret. You’ve been accused gently, not harshly, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret. You’ve been accused beneficially, not unbeneficially, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret. You’ve been accused with a mind of good will, not with a mind of ill will, and so it’s appropriate for you to have regret.’”

“Codakena, bhante, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena kati dhamme ajjhattaṁ manasi karitvā paro codetabbo”ti? “Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṁ manasi karitvā paro codetabbo— kāruññatā, hitesitā, anukampitā, āpattivuṭṭhānatā, vinayapurekkhāratāti. Codakenupāli, bhikkhunā paraṁ codetukāmena ime pañca dhamme ajjhattaṁ manasi karitvā paro codetabbo”ti. “Cuditena pana, bhante, bhikkhunā katisu dhammesu patiṭṭhātabban”ti? “Cuditenupāli, bhikkhunā dvīsu dhammesu patiṭṭhātabbaṁ— sacce ca akuppe cā”ti.

“And, sir, how many qualities should a monk attend to in himself before accusing another?” “He should attend to five qualities in himself: compassion, being of benefit, sympathy, the idea of clearing offenses, and the idea of prioritizing the training.” “And how many qualities should a monk who is accused set up?” “A monk who is accused should set up two qualities: truth and composure.”