Bu Pc 33

33. Paramparabhojanasikkhāpada

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṁ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṁ. Tena kho pana samayena vesāliyaṁ paṇītānaṁ bhattānaṁ bhattapaṭipāṭi adhiṭṭhitā hoti. Atha kho aññatarassa daliddassa kammakārassa etadahosi—“na kho idaṁ orakaṁ bhavissati yathayime manussā sakkaccaṁ bhattaṁ karonti; yannūnāhampi bhattaṁ kareyyan”ti. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro yena kirapatiko tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ kirapatikaṁ etadavoca—“icchāmahaṁ, ayyaputta, buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa bhattaṁ kātuṁ. Dehi me vetanan”ti. Sopi kho kirapatiko saddho hoti pasanno. Atha kho so kirapatiko tassa daliddassa kammakārassa abbhātirekaṁ vetanaṁ adāsi. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho so daliddo kammakāro bhagavantaṁ etadavoca— “adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṁ saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti. “Mahā kho, āvuso, bhikkhusaṅgho, jānāhī”ti. “Hotu, bhante, mahā bhikkhusaṅgho. Bahū me badarā paṭiyattā badaramissena peyyā paripūrissantī”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi. Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū—“daliddena kira kammakārena svātanāya buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho nimantito, badaramissena peyyā paripūrissantī”ti. Te kālasseva piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjiṁsu. Assosuṁ kho manussā—“daliddena kira kammakārena buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho nimantito”ti. Te daliddassa kammakārassa pahūtaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ abhihariṁsu. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro tassā rattiyā accayena paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṁ ārocāpesi—“kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan”ti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena tassa daliddassa kammakārassa nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghena. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro bhattagge bhikkhū parivisati. Bhikkhū evamāhaṁsu— “thokaṁ, āvuso, dehi. Thokaṁ, āvuso, dehī”ti. “Mā kho tumhe, bhante, ‘ayaṁ daliddo kammakāro’ti thokaṁ thokaṁ paṭiggaṇhittha. Pahūtaṁ me khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyattaṁ. Paṭiggaṇhatha, bhante, yāvadatthan”ti. “Na kho mayaṁ, āvuso, etaṅkāraṇā thokaṁ thokaṁ paṭiggaṇhāma. Api ca, mayaṁ kālasseva piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjimhā; tena mayaṁ thokaṁ thokaṁ paṭiggaṇhāmā”ti. Atha kho so daliddo kammakāro ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti— “kathañhi nāma bhadantā mayā nimantitā aññatra bhuñjissanti. Na cāhaṁ paṭibalo yāvadatthaṁ dātun”ti? Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tassa daliddassa kammakārassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti— “kathañhi nāma bhikkhū aññatra nimantitā aññatra bhuñjissantī”ti …pe… “saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū aññatra nimantitā aññatra bhuñjantī”ti? “Saccaṁ, bhagavā”ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā …pe… kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā aññatra nimantitā aññatra bhuñjissanti. Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya …pe… evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Eating meals in succession Origin story First substory

At one time when the Buddha was staying in the house with the peaked roof in the Great Wood near Vesālī, a succession of fine meals had been arranged in Vesālī. A certain poor worker thought, “Why don’t I prepare a meal? It must be really worthwhile, seeing as these people prepare a meal with such respect.” He then went to his boss Kira and said, “Sir, I wish to prepare a meal for the Sangha of monks headed by the Buddha. Please give me my salary.” Because Kira also had faith and confidence, he gave the worker his salary and much extra. Soon afterwards that worker went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and said, “Sir, please accept a meal from me tomorrow together with the Sangha of monks.” “The Sangha is large.” “No problem! I’ve prepared much jujube, supplemented with jujube drinks.” The Buddha consented by remaining silent, and the worker understood. He got up from his seat, circumambulated the Buddha with his right side toward him, and left. The monks heard that a poor worker had invited the Sangha of monks headed by the Buddha on the following day for a meal supplemented with jujube drinks. And so they ate in the morning after walking for alms. When people heard that a poor worker had invited the Sangha of monks headed by the Buddha for a meal, they brought much food of various kinds to him. The following morning that worker prepared his food, and then had the Buddha informed that the meal was ready. The Buddha robed up, took his bowl and robe and, together with the Sangha of monks, went to the house of that poor worker where he sat down on the prepared seat in the dining hall. The worker served the monks, but they kept saying, “Give just a little.” “Venerables, don’t accept so little because you think I’m just a poor worker. I’ve prepared much food of various kinds. Please accept as much as you like.” “We’re not accepting so little because of that, but because we ate in the morning after walking for alms.” That poor worker complained and criticized them, “How could the venerables eat elsewhere when invited by me? Am I not able to give as much as they need?” The monks heard the complaints of that worker, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, “How could those monks eat elsewhere when invited for a meal?” … “Is it true, monks, that monks did this?” “It’s true, sir.” The Buddha rebuked them … “How could those foolish men do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Paramparabhojane pācittiyan”ti.

First preliminary ruling

‘If a monk eats a meal before another, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”

Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu gilāno hoti. Aññataro bhikkhu piṇḍapātaṁ ādāya yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca—“bhuñjāhi, āvuso”ti. “Alaṁ, āvuso, atthi me bhattapaccāsā”ti. Tassa bhikkhuno piṇḍapāto ussūre āharīyittha. So bhikkhu na cittarūpaṁ bhuñji. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi— “anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā paramparabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Second substory

Soon afterwards a certain monk became sick. Another monk took some almsfood, went to that monk, and told him to eat it. “I can’t. I’m expecting another meal.” But since that almsfood only arrived at midday, that monk did not get to eat as much as he had intended. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “Monks, I allow a sick monk to eat a meal before another. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Paramparabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Second preliminary ruling

‘If a monk eats a meal before another, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti. Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

This is the appropriate occasion: he is sick.’” In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvaradānasamaye sacīvarabhattaṁ paṭiyādetvā bhikkhū nimantenti—“bhojetvā cīvarena acchādessāmā”ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti—“paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā paramparabhojanan”ti. Cīvaraṁ parittaṁ uppajjati. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvaradānasamaye paramparabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

Third substory

Soon afterwards, during the robe-giving season, people prepared a meal together with robe-cloth and then invited the monks, saying, “We wish to offer a meal and give robe-cloth.” But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating a meal before another and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept. As a result, they only got a small amount of robe-cloth. They told the Buddha. … “Monks, I allow you to eat a meal before another during the robe-giving season. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Paramparabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Third preliminary ruling

‘If a monk eats a meal before another, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti. Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season.’” In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvarakārake bhikkhū bhattena nimantenti.

Fourth substory

Soon afterwards people invited the robe-making monks for a meal.

Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti—“paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā paramparabhojanan”ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ …pe… anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvarakārasamaye paramparabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—

But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating a meal before another and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept. They told the Buddha. … “Monks, I allow you to eat a meal before another at a time when you are making robes. And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:

“Paramparabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.

Final ruling

‘If a monk eats a meal before another, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti. Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.

These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes.’” In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā ānandena pacchāsamaṇena yena aññataraṁ kulaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho te manussā bhagavato ca āyasmato ca ānandassa bhojanaṁ adaṁsu. Āyasmā ānando kukkuccāyanto na paṭiggaṇhāti. “Gaṇhāhi, ānandā”ti. “Alaṁ, bhagavā, atthi me bhattapaccāsā”ti. “Tenahānanda, vikappetvā gaṇhāhī”ti. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—“ anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vikappetvā paramparabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, vikappetabbaṁ—‘mayhaṁ bhattapaccāsaṁ itthannāmassa dammī’”ti.

Fifth substory

Soon afterwards, after robing up in the morning, the Buddha took his bowl and robe and went to a certain family with Venerable Ānanda as his attendant. He sat down on the prepared seat, and the people there gave cooked food. Being afraid of wrongdoing, Ānanda did not accept it. The Buddha said, “Accept it, Ānanda.” “I can’t, sir, I’m expecting another meal.” “Well then, Ānanda, assign that meal to someone else and then receive this.” Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “Monks, I allow you to eat a meal before another if you assign the other meal to someone else. And, monks, this is how it should be assigned: ‘I give my expected meal to so-and-so.’”

Paramparabhojanaṁ nāma pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññatarena bhojanena nimantito, taṁ ṭhapetvā aññaṁ pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññataraṁ bhojanaṁ bhuñjati, etaṁ paramparabhojanaṁ nāma. Aññatra samayāti ṭhapetvā samayaṁ. Gilānasamayo nāma na sakkoti ekāsane nisinno yāvadatthaṁ bhuñjituṁ. “Gilānasamayo”ti bhuñjitabbaṁ. Cīvaradānasamayo nāma anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimo māso, atthate kathine pañca māsā. “Cīvaradānasamayo”ti bhuñjitabbaṁ. Cīvarakārasamayo nāma cīvare kayiramāne. “Cīvarakārasamayo”ti bhuñjitabbaṁ. “Aññatra samayā bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.

Definitions

Eats a meal before another: if he has been invited to eat any of the five cooked foods, and he then eats any of the five cooked foods elsewhere—this is called “eats a meal before another”. Except on an appropriate occasion: unless it is an appropriate occasion. He is sick: if he is not able to eat as much as he needs in one sitting, he may eat a meal before another. It is the robe-giving season: if he has not participated in the robe-making ceremony, he may eat a meal before another during the last month of the rainy season. If he has participated in the robe-making ceremony, he may eat a meal before another during the five month period. It is a time of making robes: when he is making robes, he may eat a meal before another. If he receives food with the intention of eating it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. For every mouthful swallowed, he commits an offense entailing confession.

Paramparabhojane paramparabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Paramparabhojane vematiko, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Paramparabhojane naparamparabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Naparamparabhojane paramparabhojanasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Naparamparabhojane vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Naparamparabhojane naparamparabhojanasaññī, anāpatti.

Permutations

If it is a meal before another, and he perceives it as such, and he eats it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is a meal before another, but he is unsure of it, and he eats it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is a meal before another, but he does not perceive it as such, and he eats it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is not a meal before another, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is not a meal before another, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is not a meal before another, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense.

Anāpatti— samaye, vikappetvā bhuñjati, dve tayo nimantane ekato bhuñjati, nimantanapaṭipāṭiyā bhuñjati, sakalena gāmena nimantito tasmiṁ gāme yattha katthaci bhuñjati, sakalena pūgena nimantito tasmiṁ pūge yattha katthaci bhuñjati, nimantiyamāno bhikkhaṁ gahessāmīti bhaṇati, niccabhatte, salākabhatte, pakkhike, uposathike, pāṭipadike, pañca bhojanāni ṭhapetvā sabbattha anāpatti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.

Non-offenses

There is no offense: if it is an appropriate occasion; if he assigns his other meal to someone else and then eats; if he eats the food from two or three invitational meals together; if he eats the meals in the same order that the invitations were received; if he is invited by a whole village and he eats anywhere in that village; if he is invited by a whole association and he eats anywhere that belongs to that association; if, when being invited, he says, “I’ll get almsfood;” if it is a regular meal invitation; if it is a meal for which lots are drawn; if it is a half-monthly meal; if it is on the observance day; if it is on the day after the observance day; if it is anything apart from the five cooked foods; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.