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Midrash RabbahVayikra Rabbah 11

Midrash Rabbah

Vayikra Rabbah 11

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English · The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022)

“It was on the eighth day; Moses summoned Aaron and his sons, and the elders of Israel” (Leviticus 9:1). “It was on the eighth day.” Rav Ahava bar Kahana began: “Wisdom has built her house, [has hewed her seven pillars]; She has prepared her meat, [mixed her wine, also set her table]. She has sent her young women; [she will call upon the heights of the city]: Whoever is a simpleton, [let him turn from here; he who lacks heart, she speaks to him]” (Proverbs 9:1–4). Rabbi Yirmeya bar Ilai interpreted the verse regarding the creation of the world. “Wisdom has built her house,” this is the Holy One blessed be He, in whose regard it is written: “The Lord founded the earth with wisdom” (Proverbs 3:19). “Has hewed her seven pillars,” these are the seven days of Creation, as it is stated: “For in six days [the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in it, and He rested on the seventh day]” (Exodus 20:11), “God blessed the seventh day” (Genesis 2:3). “She has prepared her meat” – “God said: Let the earth produce [living creatures]” (Genesis 1:24). “Mixed her wine” – “God said: Let the water…be gathered” (Genesis 1:9). “Also set her table” – “God said: Let the earth sprout grass, vegetation-yielding seed” (Genesis 1:11). “She has sent her young women; she will call” – this is Adam and Eve. “Upon the heights of the city,” as the Holy One blessed be He elevated them and called them godlike. That is what is written: “You will be like God” (Genesis 3:5). After all this praise, “whoever is a simpleton, let him turn from here,”– they forsook the will of the Holy One blessed be He and followed the will of the serpent. That is why: “He who lacks heart, she speaks to him” – “you are dust and to dust you will return” (Genesis 3:19).

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English · The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022)

Rabbi Yona, in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Yirmeya, interpreted the verse regarding Gog in the future. “Wisdom has built her house” – this is the Temple. That is what is written: “With wisdom a house is built” (Proverbs 24:3). “Has hewed her seven pillars” – these are the seven years of Gog, as Rabbi Yona said in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Kahana: All those seven years they will kindle fires with the handles of swords, the handles of spears, and the handles of knives. That is what is written: “The inhabitants of the cities of Israel will go out and kindle and burn with weapons, and buckler and shield, with bow and with arrows, with a club and with a spear, and they will kindle fires with them for seven years” (Ezekiel 39:9). Those seven years will be a precursor for the righteous in the future. Your symbol is: One who eats in the pre-wedding feast will eat in the wedding feast. “She has prepared her meat” – “the flesh of the mighty you will eat” (Ezekiel 39:18). “Mixed her wine” – “the blood of the princes of the earth you will drink” (Ezekiel 39:18). “Also set her table” – “You will be satiated at My table with horses and chariots” (Ezekiel 39:20). “She has sent her young women; she will call,” this is Ezekiel, as it is stated: “So said the Lord God: Say to every winged bird and all the beasts of the field: [Gather and come, assemble yourselves from all around to My feast that I am preparing for you, a great feast upon the mountains of Israel, and you will eat flesh and drink blood]” (Ezekiel 39:17).

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English · The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022)

Bar Kappara interpreted the verse regarding the Torah. “Wisdom has built her house” – this is the Torah, as it is written: “For the Lord grants wisdom” (Proverbs 2:6), [and] “The Lord made me at the beginning of His way” (Proverbs 8:22). “Has hewed her seven pillars,” these are the seven books of the Torah. But are they not five? Bar Kappara renders from the beginning of: “And He spoke” (Numbers 1:1) until: “it was when the Ark traveled” (Numbers 10:35), one; from “it was” (Numbers 10:35) until “when it rested” (Numbers 10:36) another; and [from the following verse] until its end, another. That is seven. “She has prepared her meat” – these are the punishments. “Mixed her wine” – these are the a fortiori inferences and the verbal analogies. “Also set [arkha] her table,” these are the valuations [arakhin]. “She has sent her young women; she will call,” this is Israel. “Upon the heights of the city,” as the Holy One blessed be He elevated them and called them godlike. That is what is written: “I had said: You are godlike…” (Psalms 82:6). After all this praise, “whoever is a simpleton let him turn from here” – they forsook the will of the Holy One blessed be He, and said to the calf: “This is your god, Israel” (Exodus 32:4).. That is why: “He who lacks heart, she speaks to him” – “indeed, as men you will die” (Psalms 82:7).

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English · The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022)

Rabbi Abba bar Kahana interpreted the verse regarding the Tent of Meeting. “Wisdom has built her house” – this is Betzalel: “I filled him with the spirit of God [with wisdom]…” (Exodus 31:3). “Has hewed her seven pillars” – these are the seven days of the investiture. That is what is written: “For seven days He shall invest you” (Leviticus 8:33). “She has prepared her meat” – these are the offerings. “Mixed her wine” – these are the libations. “Also set her table” – this is the arrangement of the showbread. “She has sent her young women; she will call” – this is Moses. That is what is written: “It was on the eighth day; Moses summoned Aaron and his sons…” (Leviticus 9:1).

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English · The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022)

That which the verse said: “With the pious, act piously, with a wholehearted man, act wholeheartedly, with the pure, act purely, and with the crooked, act deviously” (Psalms 18:26–27). Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Neḥemya, Rabbi Yehuda interpreted the verse regarding Abraham our patriarch. Because he came with piety, the Holy One blessed be He engaged with him with piety. When he came uprightly, the Holy One blessed be He engaged with him uprightly. When he came indirectly, the Holy One blessed be He engaged with him indirectly. When he came to clarify his affairs, the Holy One blessed be He clarified his affairs. When did he come with piety? It was when he said: “Please do not pass from upon Your servant” (Genesis 18:3). What is written there? “Abraham was still standing before the Lord” (Genesis 18:22). Rabbi Simon said: A scribal emendation; the Divine Presence was awaiting him. When did he come wholeheartedly? It was when he said: “Perhaps the fifty righteous people will lack five” (Genesis 18:28). What is written? “He said: I will not destroy if I find there forty-five” (Genesis 18:28). When did he come indirectly? “I go childless” (Genesis 15:2). What is written there? “This one will not inherit you; [rather, one who shall emerge from your loins, he shall inherit you]” (Genesis 15:4). When did he come to clarify his affairs? It was when he said: “How will I know that I will inherit it?” (Genesis 15:8). What is written there? “Know that your descendants will be strangers [in a land that is not theirs, and they shall be enslaved to them; and they shall oppress them for four hundred years]” (Genesis 15:13). Rabbi Neḥemya interpreted the verse regarding Moses. When he came with piety, the Holy One blessed be He engaged with him with piety. When he came uprightly, the Holy One blessed be He engaged with him uprightly. When he came indirectly, the Holy One blessed be He engaged with him indirectly. When he came to clarify his affairs, the Holy One blessed be He clarified his affairs. When did he come with piety? It was when he said: “Show me, please, Your glory” (Exodus 33:18). What is written there? “He said: “I will pass My goodness before you” (Exodus 33:19). When did he come uprightly? It was when he said: “Why will the bush not burn?” (Exodus 3:3). He said to him: ‘It is because My glory is present within it.’ When did he come indirectly? It was when he said: “They will say to me: What is His name; what shall I say to them?” (Exodus 3:13). What did He say to him? ‘This is My provisional name: “I will be what I will be”’ (Exodus 3:14). When did he come to clarify his affairs? It was when He said to him: “Now go and I will send you to Pharaoh” (Exodus 3:10), he said to him: “Please…send by means of whom You will send” (Exodus 4:13), [and:] “Since I came to Pharaoh [to speak in Your name he has harmed this people and You have not saved Your people]” (Exodus 5:23). What is written there? “Now you will see [what I will do to Pharaoh; for with a powerful hand he will send them forth and with a powerful hand he will drive them from his land]” (Exodus 6:1).

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English · The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022)

Rabbi Yudan in the name of Rabbi Yosei bar Yehuda, and Rabbi Berekhya in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa: All forty years that Israel was in the wilderness, Moses did not refrain from serving in the High Priesthood. That is what is written: “Moses and Aaron among His priests” (Psalms 99:6). Rabbi Berekhya in the name of Rabbi Simon cites it from this verse: “The sons of Amram: Aaron and Moses; Aaron was set apart to sanctify him as most holy, he and his sons forever, to burn offerings before the Lord, to serve Him, and to bless in His name forever. Moses, the man of God, his sons will be reckoned among the tribe of Levi” (I Chronicles 23:13–14). Rabbi Elazar bar Yosei said: It is clear to us that Moses served all seven days of investiture in a white robe. Rabbi Tanḥum taught in the name of Rabbi Yudan: All seven days of investiture Moses served in the High Priesthood, but the Divine Presence did not rest through him. That is what is written: “All the people saw it and they sang out in praise and fell on their faces” (Leviticus 9:24). Rav Shmuel bar Naḥman said: All seven days at the [burning] bush, the Holy One blessed be He was cajoling Moses to go on His mission to Egypt. That is what is written: “Neither yesterday, nor the day before, nor since You have spoken to Your servant” (Exodus 4:10). Those are six. On the seventh, he said to Him: “Please…send by means of whom You will send” (Exodus 4:13). The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘You say: “Please…send by means of whom You will send,” as you live, I will tie this for you to your hems.’ When did He exact retribution from him? Rabbi Berekhya said: Rabbi Levi and Rabbi Ḥelbo [explained this point]. Rabbi Levi said: All seven days of Adar, Moses was requesting with prayer and supplications that he enter the Land of Israel. On the seventh, He said to him: “As you will not cross this Jordan” (Deuteronomy 3:27). Rabbi Ḥelbo said: All seven days of investiture, he served in the High Priesthood, and he was under the impression that it was his. On the seventh, He said to him: ‘It is not yours, but rather, it is your brother Aaron’s.’ That is what is written: “It was on the eighth day” (Leviticus 9:1).

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English · The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022)

Rabbi Tanḥuma and Rabbi Ḥiyya say, and Rabbi Berekhya in the name of Rabbi Elazar HaModa’i: This midrash came up from the Diaspora in our possession. Wherever it is stated, “it was in the days,” it is nothing other than trouble. Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman says: They are five. “It was in the days of Amrafel” (Genesis 14:1). What was the trouble there? “They waged war, etc.” (Genesis 14:2). This is analogous to the friend of a king who entered a province and, for his sake, the king attended to that province. Barbarians came and confronted him. When they came and confronted him, everyone said: ‘Woe unto us, for the king will not attend to the province the way that he once did.’ So too, Abraham our patriarch, the beloved of the Holy One blessed be He, in whose regard it is written: “[All the families of the earth] shall be blessed in you” (Genesis 12:3). For his sake, the Holy One blessed be He attended to the entire world. The Chaldeans came and confronted him. [People] said: ‘Woe unto us that the Holy One blessed be He will not attend to His world the way that He once did.’ That is what is written: “They returned and came to Ein Mishpat, which is Kadesh” (Genesis 14:7). Rabbi Ḥiyya said: They sought to confront only the eyeball [galgal eino] of the world. They sought to blind the eye [ayin] that confronted the attribute of justice in the world. “Which [hi] is Kadesh,” Rabbi Aḥa says: Hu

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English · The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022)

“And the elders of Israel”(Leviticus 9:1). Rabbi Akiva said: Israel is likened to a bird. Just as a bird cannot fly without wings, so too, Israel is unable to do anything without its elders. Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥalafta said: Great is Torah scholarship [zikna], for if they are elders, they are cherished, and if they are young men, their childishness is secondary for them, as Rabbi Shimon ban Yoḥai taught: Not in one place and not in two places have we found that the Holy One blessed be He accords honor to the elders, but rather in several places. At the bush, “go and gather the elders of Israel” (Exodus 3:16). In Egypt, “and you shall go, you and the elders of Israel” (Exodus 3:18). At Sinai, “ascend to the Lord; you, Aaron, Nadav and Avihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel” (Exodus 24:1). In the wilderness, “gather for me seventy men [of the elders of Israel]” (Numbers 11:16). At the Tent of Meeting, “and the elders of Israel” (Numbers 11:16). In the future as well, the Holy One blessed be He will accord honor to the elders. That is what is written: “The moon will be disgraced and the sun will be ashamed, [for the Lord of hosts will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem]” (Isaiah 24:23), and it is written: “and before His elders, glory” (Isaiah 24:23). Rabbi Yishmael bar Beivai, Rabbi Shimon, and Rabbi Reuven said in the name of Rabbi Ḥanina: The Holy One blessed be He is destined to appoint an academy of elders of His own: That is what is written: “For the Lord of hosts will reign on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, and before His elders, glory” (Isaiah 24:23). “Before elders” is not written here, but rather, “before His elders, glory.” Rabbi Avin said in the name of Rabbi Yishmael ben Rabbi Yehoshua: The Holy One blessed be He is destined to sit as on a threshing floor, and the righteous will sit before Him, like this: “The king of Israel and Yehoshafat king of Judah were sitting, each on his throne, dressed in garb, on the threshing floor [at the entrance of the gate of Samaria]” (I Kings 22:10). Were they sitting on a threshing floor? Rather, it is like what we learned: The Sanhedrin was arranged like half of a circular threshing floor, so that they would see each other. Solomon said: I saw Him constricting Himself in their midst. That is what is written: “Her husband is renowned at the gates, as he sits with the elders of the land” (Proverbs 31:23).

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English · The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022)

Rabbi Berekhya, Rabbi Ḥelbo, Ulla Bira’a, and Rabbi Elazar in the name of Rabbi Ḥanina: The Holy One blessed be He is destined to be at the head of a dance circle [ḥola] for the righteous in the future. That is what is written: “Pay attention to its ramparts [leḥeila]” (Psalms 48:14); leḥola is written. They ascend to Him be’almut, and they point to Him, as it were, with a finger, and say: “For this is God, our God, forever and ever, [He will guide us beyond death [al mut]]” (Psalms 48:15); be’almut [means] with alacrity. Almut, like those young women [ulemta], as it is written: “Amid the young women [alamot] playing timbrels” (Psalms 68:26). Aquilas translated: Immortality, a world in which there is no death., in two worlds [olamot]; He will guide us in this world and He will guide us in the World to Come.

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English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022), CC BY. Hebrew: Torat Emet text, public domain. From Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah (2022), CC BY. Hebrew: Torat Emet text, public domain. From Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

English translation: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

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