כָּנַסְתִּי לִי גַּם כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (מלכים א י, כז): וַיִּתֵּן הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת הַכֶּסֶף בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם כַּאֲבָנִים. אֶפְשָׁר כַּאֲבָנִים בַּדְּרָכִים וּבַחֲצֵרוֹת וְלֹא הָיוּ נִגְנָבוֹת, אֶלָּא הָיוּ גְדוֹלוֹת אַבְנֵי שְׁמוֹנֶה אַמּוֹת וְאַבְנֵי עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת. תָּנָא אֲפִלּוּ מִשְׁקָלוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בִּימֵי שְׁלֹמֹה שֶׁל זָהָב הָיוּ, וְהָיוּ מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בִּכְלֵי מִשְׁקָלוֹת שֶׁל זָהָב קַנְטָרִין, וְכָל מִשְׁקָל וּמִשְׁקָל גָּדוֹל וְקָטָן שֶׁל זָהָב הָיוּ. וּסְגֻלַּת מְלָכִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברי הימים ב ט, כג): וְכָֹל מַלְכֵי הָאָרֶץ מְבַקְּשִׁים אֶת שְׁלֹמֹה. וְהַמְדִינוֹת, זוֹ מַלְכַּת שְׁבָא, שֶׁהָיְתָה מְדַיֶּנֶת עִמּוֹ בְּחָכְמָתָהּ וּבִשְׁאֵלוֹתֶיהָ וְלֹא יָכְלָה לְנַצְּחוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א י; דברי הימים ב ט): וַתָּבֹא אֵלָיו לְנַסּוֹתוֹ בְּחִידוֹת וַיִּתֵּן לָהּ הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת כָּל שְׁאֵלָתָהּ אֲשֶׁר שָׁאֲלָה. עָשִׂיתִי לִי שָׁרִים וְשָׁרוֹת. זַמָּרִין וְזַמָּרָתָא. וְתַעֲנֻגוֹת בְּנֵי הָאָדָם. דִּימוֹסִיּוֹת וּמֶרְחֲצָאוֹת. שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת. שֵׁידָא וְשֵׁידְתָּא דַּהֲווֹן אַזְיִין בְּהוֹן. אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר נְחֶמְיָה וְכִי אֵין הַכָּתוּב מוֹדִיעֵנוּ אֶלָּא עָשְׁרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁלֹמֹה, הָא אֵין מְדַבֵּר אֶלָּא בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה, הִגְדַּלְתִּי מַעֲשָׂי, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמות לב, טז): וְהַלֻּחֹת מַעֲשֵׂה אֱלֹהִים הֵמָּה. בָּנִיתִי לִי בָּתִּים, אֵלּוּ בָּתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת וּבָתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת. נָטַעְתִּי לִי כְּרָמִים, אֵלּוּ שׁוּרוֹת שֶׁל תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים שֶׁהֵם יוֹשְׁבִין שׁוּרוֹת שׁוּרוֹת כְּכֶרֶם, כְּדִתְנַן זֶה מִדְרָשׁ דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים בְּכֶרֶם בְּיַבְנֶה, וְכִי כֶּרֶם הָיָה, אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים שֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִין שׁוּרוֹת שׁוּרוֹת כְּכֶרֶם. עָשִׂיתִי לִי גַּנּוֹת וּפַרְדֵּסִים, אֵלּוּ מִשְׁנָיוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת, כְּגוֹן מִשְׁנָתוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה וּמִשְׁנָתוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא רַבָּה וּמִשְׁנָתוֹ שֶׁל בַּר קַפָּרָא. וְנָטַעְתִּי בָהֶם עֵץ כָּל פֶּרִי, זֶה הַתַּלְמוּד שֶׁכָּלוּל בָּהֶם. עָשִׂיתִי לִי בְּרֵכוֹת מָיִם, רַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה אָמַר אֵלּוּ הַדְּרָשׁוֹת. לְהַשְׁקוֹת מֵהֶן יַעַר צוֹמֵחַ עֵצִים, אֵלּוּ הַתִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁהֵם לְמֵדִים. רַבִּי נַחְמָן אָמַר זֶה הַתַּלְמוּד. לְהַשְׁקוֹת מֵהֶם יַעַר צוֹמֵחַ עֵצִים, אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים שֶׁהֵם לְמֵדִים. קָנִיתִי לִי עֲבָדִים וּשְׁפָחוֹת, אֵלּוּ הָאֻמּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יואל ג, ב): וְגַם עַל הָעֲבָדִים וְעַל הַשְּׁפָחוֹת בַּיָּמִים הָהֵמָה אֶשְׁפֹּךְ אֶת רוּחִי, [והאמות לעתיד לבוא יהיו עבדים לישראל], כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב בִּישַׁעְיָה (ישעיה סא, ה): וְעָמְדוּ זָרִים וְרָעוּ צֹאנְכֶם וגו'. וּבְנֵי בַיִת הָיָה לִי, זֶה רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ. גַּם מִקְנֶה בָקָר וָצֹאן, אֵלּוּ הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ויקרא א, ב): מִן הַבָּקָר וּמִן הַצֹּאן תַּקְרִיבוּ. כָּנַסְתִּי לִי גַּם כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב, אֵלּוּ דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים יט, יא): הַנֶּחֱמָדִים מִזָּהָב. וּסְגֻלַּת מְלָכִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ח, טו): בִּי מְלָכִים יִמְלֹכוּ (משלי ח, טז): בִּי שָׂרִים יָשׂרוּ. וְהַמְּדִינוֹת, אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים שֶׁמְּדַיְּנִין בַּהֲלָכָה. עָשִׂיתִי לִי שָׁרִים וְשָׁרוֹת, אֵלּוּ הַתּוֹסֶפְתּוֹת [משוררים זכרים משוררות נקבות]. וְתַעֲנֻגּוֹת, אֵלּוּ הָאַגָּדוֹת, שֶׁהֵן עִנּוּגֵי שֶׁל מִקְרָא. שִׁדָּה וְשִׁדּוֹת, דַּיָּנִין זְכָרִים וְדַיָּנוֹת נְקֵבוֹת.
“I also gathered for myself silver and gold, and the treasure of kings and countries; I acquired for myself songsters and songstresses, and chests and wagons of the pleasures of people” (Ecclesiastes 2:8). “I also gathered for myself silver and gold” – that is what is written: “The king made the silver in Jerusalem as stones” (I Kings 10:27). Is it possible that [silver was placed] as stones on paths and in courtyards and was not stolen? It is because they were large, ten-cubit stones and eight-cubit stones. It is taught: Even the weights during the reign of Solomon were made of gold, and they would use weights of gold, [even the weight of] a kanterin. Each and every weight, large and small, was of gold. “And the treasure of kings” – as it is stated: “All the kings of the earth sought the presence of Solomon” (II Chronicles 9:23). “And countries [vehamedinot]” – this is the queen of Sheba, who would challenge [medayyenet] him with her wisdom and her questions, but was unable to overcome him, as it is stated: “She came to challenge him with riddles” (I Kings 10:1). “King Solomon gave the Queen of Sheba all her desires that she requested” (I Kings 10:13). “I acquired for myself songsters and songstresses” – male singers and female singers; “the pleasures of people” – pools of flowing water and bathhouses; “chests [shidda] and wagons [veshiddot]” – demons [sheida] and demonesses [vesheideta], who would heat them. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Neḥemya said: Does the verse come to teach us only of Solomon’s wealth? It is speaking only regarding matters of Torah. “I increased my actions [maasai]” – this is what is written: “The tablets were the work [maaseh] of God” (Exodus 32:16). “I built myself houses” – these are synagogues and study halls. “I planted myself vineyards” – these are the rows of Torah scholars who sit in rows like a vineyard, as it is taught in a mishna: This exposition was expounded by Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya before the Sages in the vineyard of Yavne. Was it in fact a vineyard? Rather, these are Torah scholars who sit in rows like a vineyard. “I made myself gardens and orchards” (Ecclesiastes 2:5) – these are the great compendia of baraitot like the compendium of Rabbi Ḥiyya the Great, and the compendium of Rabbi Hoshaya the Great, and the compendium of bar Kappara. “And I planted in them trees of every fruit” (Ecclesiastes 2:5) – this is the Talmud that is included in them. “I made myself pools of water” (Ecclesiastes 2:6) – Rabbi Ḥiyya the Great said: These are the expositions. “To irrigate from them a forest which grows trees” (Ecclesiastes 2:6) – these are the children who study. Rabbi Naḥman said: This is the Talmud. “To irrigate from them a forest which grows trees” – these are the Torah scholars who study. “I purchased myself slaves and maidservants” (Ecclesiastes 2:7) – these are the nations, as it is stated: “Upon the slaves and upon the maidservants, too, in those days I will pour out My spirit” (Joel 3:2). <The nations of the world, in the future, will be slaves to Israel> as it is written in Isaiah: “Strangers will stand and graze your flocks…” (Isaiah 61:5). “And I had stewards[benei bayit]” (Ecclesiastes 2:7) – this is the Divine Spirit. “I also had great possession of herds and flocks” (Ecclesiastes 2:7) – these are offerings; this is what is written: “From the herds and the flocks you shall sacrifice” (Leviticus 1:2). “I also gathered for myself silver and gold” – these are matters of Torah, as it is stated: “More desirable than gold” (Psalms 19:11). “And the treasure of kings,” as it is stated: “Through me kings reign.… through me princes rule” (Proverbs 8:15–16). “And countries [medinot]” – these are the Torah scholars, who deliberate [medainin] in halakha. “I acquired for myself songsters and songstresses” <male singers and women singers> – these are the Tosefta. “And the pleasures” – these are the aggadot, which are the pleasures of the biblical text; “chests [shidda] and wagons [shiddot]” – male judges and female judges.