Bereshit Rabbah 93

וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה וַיֹּאמֶר בִּי אֲדֹנִי יְדַבֶּר נָא עַבְדְּךָ דָּבָר בְּאָזְנֵי אֲדֹנִי וְאַל יִחַר אַפְּךָ בְּעַבְדֶּךָ כִּי כָמוֹךָ כְּפַרְעֹה (בראשית מד, יח). (משלי ו, א ג): בְּנִי אִם עָרַבְתָּ לְרֵעֶךָ וגו' נוֹקַשְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי פִיךָ וגו' עֲשֵׂה זֹאת וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בְּרַח מִן שָׁלשׁ וְהִדָּבֵק בְּשָׁלשׁ, בְּרַח מִן הַפִּקְדוֹנוֹת וּמִן הַמֵּאוּנִים וּמִלַּעֲשׂוֹת עֲרֵבוּת בֵּין אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ. הִדָּבֵק בַּחֲלִיצָה, וּבַהֲפָרַת נְדָרִים, וּבַהֲבָאַת שָׁלוֹם שֶׁבֵּין אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר אַבָּא לֵית שְׁמֵיהּ פִּקָּדוֹן אֶלָּא פּוּק דּוֹן. דָּבָר אַחֵר, בְּנִי אִם עָרַבְתָּ לְרֵעֶךָ, זֶה יְהוּדָה, (בראשית מג, ט): אָנֹכִי אֶעֶרְבֶנּוּ. (משלי ו, א): תָּקַעְתָּ לַזָּר כַּפֶּיךָ, (בראשית מג, ט): מִיָּדִי תְּבַקְשֶׁנּוּ. נוֹקַשְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי פִיךָ, (בראשית מג, ט): אִם לֹא הֲבִיאֹתִיו אֵלֶיךָ. עֲשֵׂה זֹאת אֵפוֹא בְּנִי וְהִנָּצֵל, לֵךְ וְהִדָּבֵק בַּעֲפַר רַגְלָיו וְקַבֵּל מַלְכוּתוֹ וְאַדְנוּתוֹ, וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה.

“Judah approached him, and said: My lord, may your servant please speak a word in my lord's ears, and do not become incensed with your servant, as you are like Pharaoh” (Genesis 44:18). “Judah approached him, and said: Please my lord, may your servant speak a word in my lord's ears, and do not become incensed with your servant, as you are like Pharaoh.” “My son, if you became a guarantor for your friend… you have been snared by the sayings of your mouth…Do this [and be delivered]…” (Proverbs 6:1–3) – Rabbi Ḥanina said: Flee from three things, and adhere to three things: Flee from deposits, from refusals, and from serving as a guarantor between one person and another. Adhere to ḥalitza, to nullification of vows, and to introducing peace between one person and another. Rabbi Berekhya said that Rabbi Shimon bar Abba said: Its name is not a deposit [pikadon], but rather, puk don – take this out. Another matter, “my son, if you became a guarantor for your friend” – this is Judah, [as it states]: “I will guarantee him” (Genesis 43:9). “If you have shaken your hands for a stranger” (Proverbs 6:1) – “from my hand you can demand him” (Genesis 43:9). “You have been snared by the sayings of your mouth” – “if I do not bring him to you” (Genesis 43:9). “Do this, then, my son, and be delivered” (Proverbs 6:3) – go and cleave to the dust of his feet and accept his kingdom and lordship – “Judah approached him.”

כִּי הִנֵּה הַמְּלָכִים נוֹעֲדוּ עָבְרוּ יַחְדָּו (תהלים מח, ה), כִּי הִנֵּה הַמְּלָכִים, זֶה יְהוּדָה וְיוֹסֵף. עָבְרוּ יַחְדָּו, זֶה נִתְמַלֵּא עֶבְרָה עַל זֶה וְזֶה נִתְמַלֵּא עֶבְרָה עַל זֶה. (תהלים מח, ו): הֵמָּה רָאוּ כֵּן תָּמָהוּ, (בראשית מג, לג): וַיִּתְמְהוּ הָאֲנָשִׁים אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ, (תהלים מח, ו): נִבְהֲלוּ נֶחְפָּזוּ, (בראשית מה, ג): וְלֹא יָכְלוּ אֶחָיו וגו', (תהלים שם, ז): רְעָדָה אֲחָזָתַם שָׁם, אֵלּוּ הַשְּׁבָטִים, אָמְרוּ מְלָכִים מִדַּיְינִים אֵלּוּ עִם אֵלּוּ אָנוּ מָה אִכְפַּת לָנוּ, יָאֵי לְמֶלֶךְ מִדַּיֵּן עִם מֶלֶךְ. וַיִּגַשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה (איוב מא, ח): אֶחָד בְּאֶחָד יִגַּשׁוּ, זֶה יְהוּדָה וְיוֹסֵף, (איוב מא, ח): וְרוּחַ לֹא יָבֹא בֵינֵיהֶם, אֵלּוּ הַשְּׁבָטִים, אָמְרוּ מְלָכִים מִדַּיְנִים אֵלּוּ עִם אֵלּוּ אָנוּ מָה אִכְפַּת לָנוּ.

“Behold, the kings convened, passed together” (Psalms 48:5). “Behold the kings” – this is Judah and Joseph. “Passed [avru] together” – this one became filled with fury [evra] against that one, and that one became filled with fury against this one. “They saw it and were astonished” (Psalms 48:6) – “The men wondered to one another” (Genesis 43:33). “They were terrified; they hastened” (Psalms 48:6) – “[Joseph said to his brothers: I am Joseph; does my father still live?] And his brothers could not [answer him because they were alarmed before him]” (Genesis 45:3). “A fearful trembling seized them there” (Psalms 45:6) – these are the tribes. They said: ‘Kings are contending with one another; of what concern is it to us? It is appropriate for a king to contend with a king.’ “Judah approached him” – “One approaches another” (Job 41:8) – this is Judah and Joseph. “Not even a breath comes between them” (Job 41:8) – these are the tribes. They said: ‘Kings are contending with one another; of what concern is it to us?’

דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה, כְּתִיב (משלי כה, יא): תַּפּוּחֵי זָהָב בְּמַשְׂכִּיּוֹת כָּסֶף, תִּרְגֵּם עֲקִילָס הַגֵּר חִזּוּרִין דִּדְהַב בְּגוֹ דִּיסְקָרִין דִּכְסַף. (משלי כה, יא): דָּבָר דָּבֻר עַל אָפְנָיו, מָה אוֹפַן זֶה מַרְאֶה פָּנִים מִכָּל צַד, כָּךְ הָיוּ דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל יְהוּדָה נִרְאִים לְכָל צַד בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁדִּבֵּר עִם יוֹסֵף.

Another matter, “Judah approached him.” It is written: “Like golden apples in silver ornaments [is a well-turned phrase]” (Proverbs 25:11) – Akilas the proselyte translated: Golden apples in silver bowls. “A well-turned phrase [davar davur al ofanav]” – just as the wheel [ofan] shows its face on all sides, so, Judah’s words were deemed logical to all parties when he spoke with Joseph.

דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה וגו', כְּתִיב (משלי כ, ה): מַיִם עֲמֻקִּים עֵצָה בְלֶב אִישׁ וגו', לִבְאֵר עֲמֻקָּה מְלֵאָה צוֹנֵן וְהָיוּ מֵימֶיהָ צוֹנְנִין וְיָפִין וְלֹא הָיְתָה בְּרִיָּה יְכוֹלָה לִשְׁתּוֹת הֵימֶנָּה, בָּא אֶחָד וְקָשַׁר חֶבֶל בְּחֶבֶל וְנִימָה בְּנִימָה מְשִׁיחָה בִּמְשִׁיחָה וְדָלָה הֵימֶנָּה וְשָׁתָה, הִתְחִילוּ הַכֹּל דּוֹלִין הֵימֶנָּה וְשׁוֹתִין, כָּךְ לֹא זָז יְהוּדָה מֵשִׁיב לְיוֹסֵף דָּבָר עַל דָּבָר עַד שֶׁעָמַד עַל לִבּוֹ.

Another matter, “Judah approached him.” It is written: “Like deep water is counsel in the heart of a man…” (Proverbs 20:5) – this is analogous to a deep well filled with cold water; its water was cold and good, but no person could drink from it. Someone came and tied rope to rope, thread to thread, and cord to cord, and he drew from it and drank. Everyone began drawing from it and drinking. So, Judah did not relent from responding to Joseph regarding each and every matter, until he touched his heart.

וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה, (עמוס ט, יג): הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים נְאֻם ה' וְנִגַּשׁ חוֹרֵשׁ וגו', חוֹרֵשׁ, זֶה יְהוּדָה. בַּקּוֹצֵר, זֶה יוֹסֵף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית לז, ז): וְהִנֵּה אֲנַחְנוּ מְאַלְּמִים אֲלֻמִּים. (עמוס ט, יג): וְדֹרֵךְ עֲנָבִים, זֶה יְהוּדָה, (זכריה ט, יג): כִּי דָרַכְתִּי לִי יְהוּדָה קֶשֶׁת. (עמוס ט, יג): בְּמשֵׁךְ הַזָּרַע, זֶה יוֹסֵף, שֶׁמָּשַׁךְ זַרְעוֹ שֶׁל אָבִיו וְהוֹרִידוֹ לְמִצְרַיִם, כְּדִכְתִיב (הושע יא, ד): בְּחַבְלֵי אָדָם אֶמְשְׁכֵם. (יואל ד, יח): יִטְפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס, אֵלּוּ הַשְּׁבָטִים, אָמְרוּ מְלָכִים מִדַּיְנִים אֵלּוּ עִם אֵלּוּ אָנוּ מָה אִכְפַּת לָנוּ.

Another matter, “Judah approached him.” “Behold, days are coming, the utterance of the Lord, and the plowman will encounter [the reaper]…” (Amos 9:13); “plowman” – this is Judah; “the reaper” (Amos 9:13) – this is Joseph, as it is stated: “Behold, we were binding sheaves” (Genesis 37:7). “And the treader [dorekh] of grapes” (Amos 9:13) – this is Judah; “For I will bend [darakhti] Judah as a bow for Me” (Zechariah 9:13). “The sower of seed [bemoshekh hazara]” (Amos 9:13) – this is Joseph, who drew the offspring [shemashakh zaro] of his father, and caused him to descend to Egypt, as it is written: “With ropes of man, I would draw them” (Hosea 11:4). “The mountains will drip nectar” (Joel 4:18) – these are the tribes. They said: ‘Kings are contending with one another; of what concern is it to us?’

דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה וְרַבָּנָן, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר הֲגָשָׁה לְמִלְחָמָה, הֵיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (שמואל ב י, יג): וַיִּגַּשׁ יוֹאָב וְהָעָם אֲשֶׁר עִמּוֹ לַמִּלְחָמָה, רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר הֲגָשָׁה לְפִיּוּס, הֵיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (יהושע יד, ו): וַיִּגְשׁוּ בְנֵי יְהוּדָה אֶל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְפַיְיסוֹ. רַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי הֲגָשָׁה לִתְפִלָּה (מלכים א יח, לו): וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלִיָּהוּ הַנָּבִיא וַיֹּאמַר ה' אֱלֹהֵי וגו'. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אָמַר פְּשַׁט לְהוֹן אִם לְמִלְחָמָה אֲנִי בָא, אִם לְפִיּוּס אֲנִי בָא, אִם לִתְפִלָּה אֲנִי בָא. בִּי אֲדֹנִי, בִּי וְלֹא בֵיהּ, אִם לְמַמְלֵא מַיָא אֲנָא, אִם לְשַׁמָּשָׁא אֲנָא, אִם לְמִפְצַע קִיסִין אֲנָא. דָּבָר אַחֵר, בִּי אֲדֹנִי, בִּייָּה אַתְּ מַעֲבִיר עָלֵינוּ אֲדֹנִי, שֶׁכָּךְ אָמַרְתָּ לָנוּ (בראשית מד, כא): הוֹרִדֻהוּ אֵלָי וגו', זוֹ הִיא הַשָּׂמַת עַיִן, נֶהְפַּךְ הַדָּבָר שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ לְסַמְיוּת עֵינַיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי סִימוֹן בְּנִימוּסוֹת שֶׁלָּנוּ כְּתִיב (שמות כב, ב): וְאִם אֵין לוֹ וְנִמְכַּר בִּגְנֵבָתוֹ, וְזֶה יֵשׁ לוֹ לְשַׁלֵּם. יְדַבֶּר נָא עַבְדְּךָ, יִכָּנְסוּ דְבָרַי בְּאָזְנֶיךָ, זְקֵנְתּוֹ שֶׁל זֶה עַל יְדֵי שֶׁמְּשָׁכָהּ פַּרְעֹה לַיְלָה אַחַת לָקָה בִּנְגָעִים הוּא וְכָל בֵּיתוֹ, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית יב, יז): וַיְנַגַּע ה' אֶת פַּרְעֹה, הִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹא יִלְקֶה אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ בְּצָרַעַת. אִמּוֹ שֶׁל זֶה לֹא מֵתָה אֶלָא מִקִּלְלָתוֹ שֶׁל אַבָּא, וּמִן תַּמָּן מִיתַת לָהּ (בראשית לא, לב): עִם אֲשֶׁר תִּמְצָא אֶת אֱלֹהֶיךָ לֹא יִחְיֶה, הִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹא יָחוּל בְּךָ קְלָלָה אַחַת, וְאוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ מֵת. שְׁנַיִם מִמֶּנּוּ נִכְנְסוּ לִכְרַךְ אֶחָד שָׁלֵם וְהֶחֱרִיבוּהָ, לְהַלָּן בִּשְׁבִיל נְקֵבָה, כָּאן בִּשְׁבִיל זָכָר. עַל חִבַּת הָעַיִן בָּא. עַל אַכְסַנְיָא שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ (דברים לג, יב): חֹפֵף עָלָיו כָּל הַיּוֹם, עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. דָּבָר אַחֵר, יְדַבֶּר נָא עַבְדְּךָ וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בַּר שְׁמַעְיָה דָּבָר אֲנִי מוֹצִיא מִבִּפְנִים וּמַכְנִיס דֶּבֶר בְּנֹא וּמְכַלֶּה אֶתְכֶם. אָמַר רַבִּי חָנִין בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיָה יְהוּדָה מַעֲלֶה חֵמָה הָיוּ שַׂעֲרוֹת לִבּוֹ בּוֹקְעוֹת כֵּלָיו וְיוֹצְאוֹת, וְהָיָה נוֹתֵן עֲשָׁשִׁיּוֹת שֶׁל בַּרְזֶל לְתוֹךְ פִּיו וּמוֹצִיאָן כְּאָבָק. כִּי כָמוֹךָ כְּפַרְעֹה, מַה פַּרְעֹה גּוֹזֵר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַיֵּם אַף אַתָּה גוֹזֵר וְאֵינְךָ מְקַיֵּם. מַה פַּרְעֹה לָהוּט אַחַר הַזְּכָרִים אַף אַתָּה כֵּן, מַה פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ וְאַתָּה שֵׁנִי לוֹ בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, כָּךְ אַבָּא מֶלֶךְ בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן וַאֲנִי שֵׁנִי לוֹ, וְאִם שׁוֹלֵף אֲנִי אֶת חַרְבִּי מִמְּךָ אֲנִי מַתְחִיל וּבְפַרְעֹה רַבְּךָ אֲנִי מְסַיֵּם. אִלּוּ אָמַר מִפַּרְעֹה אֲנִי מַתְחִיל הָיָה מַנִּיחוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר מִמְּךָ אֲנִי מַתְחִיל רָמַז לִמְנַשֶּׁה וּרְפַשׁ חַד רֶפֶשׁ וְזָעַת כָּל פָּלָטִין, אֲמַר דֵּין רֶפֶשׁ מִן בֵּית אַבָּא, כֵּיוָן דְּחָמֵי מִילֵיהּ כֵּן שָׁרֵי מִשְׁתָּעֵי מִילִין רַכִּיכִין, אֲדֹנִי שָׁאַל.

Another matter, “Judah approached [vayigash] him” – Rabbi Yehuda, Rabbi Neḥemya, and the Rabbis. Rabbi Yehuda says: An approach for war, just as it says: “Yoav and the people who were with him advanced [vayigash] to the battle” (II Samuel 10:13). Rabbi Neḥemya says: An approach for conciliation, just as it says: “The children of Judah approached Joshua” (Joshua 14:6) – to placate him. The Rabbis say: An approach for prayer – “Elijah the prophet approached, and he said: Lord, God of …” (I Kings 18:36). Rabbi Elazar resolved it in accordance with all of them: If [I must engage in] war, I am coming; if [I must engage in] conciliation, I am coming, if [I must engage in] prayer, I am coming. “Please my lord [bi adoni]” (Genesis 44:18) – [take] me [bi] and not him [bei] – whether it is to fill water, it is I; for service, it is I; to split logs, it is I. Another matter, “Please my lord [bi adoni]” – injustice [baya] you are bringing upon us, my lord, as so you said to us: “Bring him down to me, [and I will set my eye upon him]” (Genesis 44:21); is this the setting of an eye? It is the opposite of what you said: It is blindness of the eye. Rabbi Simon said: It is written in our law books: “If he has nothing, he shall be sold for his theft” (Exodus 22:2), but this one has the means to pay. “May your servant please speak [a word in my lord's ears]” – may my words enter your ears. This one’s grandmother, because Pharaoh abducted her for one night, he and his household were stricken with leprosy, as it is written: “The Lord afflicted Pharaoh [and his household with great afflictions over the matter of Sarai, Abram’s wife]” (Genesis 12:17), take care that this person will not be stricken with leprosy. The mother of this one died only due to our father’s curse. You cite it from here: “With whomever you find your gods, he shall not live” (Genesis 31:32); take care that a curse will not take effect upon you and that man will die. Two of us entered a certain city and destroyed it in its entirety. There it was on behalf of a female, here it is on behalf of a male. For coming against the apple of [Jacob’s] eye, against the host of the Holy One blessed be He, in whose regard it is stated: “He hovers over him all the day” (Deuteronomy 33:12), all the more so. Another matter, “may your servant please speak [yedaber na]…” – Rabbi Yirmeya bar Shemaya said: I will remove something [davar] from within and introduce pestilence [dever] into No, and exterminate you. Rabbi Ḥanin said: When Judah was filled with rage, the hairs over his heart would rip through his garments and emerge, and he would place chunks of iron in his mouth and expel them as dust. “As you are like Pharaoh” – just as Pharaoh decrees and does not fulfill, so, too, you decree and do not fulfill. Just as Pharaoh lusts after males, so, too, do you. Just as Pharaoh is king and you are second to him in the land of Egypt, so, too, my father is king in the land of Canaan and I am second to him. If I draw my sword, I will begin with you and conclude with Pharaoh your master. Had he said: ‘I will begin with Pharaoh,’ [Joseph] would have left him alone. Since he said: ‘I will begin with you,’ [Joseph] signaled to Manasseh, who stamped one foot and the entire palace quaked. [Judah] said: ‘This is a stamp from Father’s household.’ When he saw that matters were thus, he began speaking gentle words – “my lord asked” (Genesis 44:19).

דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיִּגַּשׁ אֵלָיו יְהוּדָה, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ עַל יְדֵי שְׁלֹמֹה (קהלת ז, יט): הַחָכְמָה תָּעֹז לֶחָכָם וגו', כְּנֶגֶד מִי אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה הַמִּקְרָא הַזֶּה, לֹא אֲמָרוֹ אֶלָּא כְּנֶגֶד יוֹסֵף הַצַּדִּיק, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁתָּפַס יוֹסֵף הַצַּדִּיק אֶת בִּנְיָמִין וְאָמַר לָהֶם לְאֶחָיו (בראשית מד, יז): הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָא הַגָּבִיעַ בְּיָדוֹ הוּא יִהְיֶה לִי עָבֶד, אָמַר לוֹ יְהוּדָה בִּנְיָמִין אַתְּ תָּפוֹס וְשָׁלוֹם בְּבֵית אַבָּא, מִיָּד כָּעַס יְהוּדָה וְשָׁאַג בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹל וְהָלַךְ קוֹלוֹ אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת פַּרְסָה עַד שֶׁשָּׁמַע חוּשִׁים בֶּן דָּן וְקָפַץ מֵאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן וּבָא אֵצֶל יְהוּדָה וְשָׁאֲגוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם וּבִקְשָׁה אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לֵהָפֵךְ, עֲלֵיהֶם אָמַר אִיּוֹב (איוב ד, י): שַׁאֲגַת אַרְיֵה וְקוֹל שָׁחַל. שַׁאֲגַת אַרְיֵה, זֶה יְהוּדָה, שֶׁכָּתוּב בּוֹ (בראשית מט, ט): גּוּר אַרְיֵה יְהוּדָה. וְקוֹל שָׁחַל, זֶה חוּשִׁים בֶּן דָּן, שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶם נִמְשְׁלוּ כַּאֲרִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לג, כב): וּלְדָן אָמַר דָּן גּוּר אַרְיֵה. (איוב ד, י): שִׁנֵּי כְפִירִים נִתָּעוּ, אֵלּוּ גִּבּוֹרָיו שֶׁל יוֹסֵף, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁכָּעַס יְהוּדָה נָשְׁרוּ שִׁנֵּיהֶם שֶׁל כֻּלָּם. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אַף אֶחָיו כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאוּ יְהוּדָה שֶׁכָּעַס אַף הֵם נִתְמַלְּאוּ חֵמָה וּבָעֲטוּ בָּאָרֶץ וְעָשׂוּ אוֹתָהּ תְּלָמִים תְּלָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איוב ד, יא): לַיִשׁ אֹבֵד מִבְּלִי טָרֶף, זֶה יְהוּדָה שֶׁמָּסַר עַצְמוֹ עַל בִּנְיָמִין, אָמַר שֶׁמָּא יִמְחֹל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל אוֹתוֹ עָוֹן שֶׁהִטְעֵיתִי אֶת אַבָּא וְאָמַרְתִּי לוֹ אֲנִי מְבִיאוֹ לָךְ. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה נִתְמַלֵּא חֵמָה עַל יוֹסֵף, כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה יוֹסֵף סִימָנִין שֶׁל יְהוּדָה, מִיָּד נִזְדַּעֲזֵעַ וְנִבְהַל אָמַר אוֹי לִי שֶׁמָּא יַהַרְגֵנִי, וּמָה הֵן סִימָנִין שֶׁהָיוּ בוֹ בִּיהוּדָה, שֶׁל בֵּית שִׁילוֹ אָמְרוּ שְׁנֵי שִׁלְטוֹנִין זוֹלְגוֹת דָּם, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים כְּמִין שִׁלְטֵי הַגִּבּוֹרִים, וַחֲמִשָּׁה לְבוּשִׁים הָיָה לוֹבֵשׁ, נִימָה אַחַת הָיְתָה לוֹ בְּלִבּוֹ כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיָה כּוֹעֵס הָיָה קוֹרֵעַ אֶת כֻּלָּם. מֶה עָשָׂה יוֹסֵף בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אוֹתוֹ עַמּוּד שֶׁל אֶבֶן שֶׁהָיָה יוֹשֵׁב עָלָיו בָּעַט בּוֹ וַעֲשָׂאוֹ גַּל שֶׁל צְרוֹרוֹת, מִיָּד תָּמַהּ יְהוּדָה וְאָמַר זֶה גִּבּוֹר מִמֶּנִּי, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אָחַז יְהוּדָה חַרְבּוֹ לְשָׁלְפָהּ מִתַּעֲרָהּ וְאֵינָהּ נִשְׁלֶפֶת לוֹ, אָמַר יְהוּדָה וַדַּאי זֶה יְרֵא שָׁמַיִם הוּא לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר (קהלת ז, יט): הַחָכְמָה תָּעֹז לֶחָכָם.

Another matter, “Judah approached him” – this is what was stated through the Divine Spirit by Solomon: “Wisdom will fortify the wise [more than ten rulers who were in a city]” (Ecclesiastes 7:19). Corresponding to whom did Solomon say this verse? He said it only corresponding to Joseph the righteous. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: When Joseph the righteous seized Benjamin and said to his brothers: “The man in whose hand the goblet was found, he shall be my slave [and you, go up in peace to your father]” (Genesis 44:17), Judah said to him: ‘Benjamin, you are seized; can there be peace in Father’s household?’ Immediately, Judah grew angry and roared in a loud voice. His voice traveled four hundred parsangs, until Ḥushim son of Dan heard and leapt from the land of Canaan and came to Judah. Both of them roared and the land of Egypt was on the verge of being upended. In their regard Job said: “The roar of the lion and the voice of the great cat” (Job 4:10). “The roar of the lion” – this is Judah, in whose regard it is written: “Judah is a lion cub” (Genesis 49:9). “And the voice of the great cat” – this is Ḥushim son of Dan, as both of them were likened to a lion, as it is stated: “To Dan he said: Dan is a lion cub” (Deuteronomy 33:22). “The teeth of the young lions are broken” (Job 4:10) – these are Joseph’s warriors. When Judah grew angry, the teeth of all of them fell out. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: When [the brothers] saw that Judah grew angry, they too, were filled with anger. They kicked the ground and caused it to be full of furrows, as it is stated: “The lion perishes for lack of prey” (Job 4:11) – this is Judah, who risked his life on Benjamin’s behalf. He said: ‘Perhaps, the Holy One blessed be He will forgive me for that iniquity of misleading my father and saying: I will bring him to you.’ At that moment he became filled with rage at Joseph. When Joseph saw the signs of Judah’s [rage], he was immediately shaken and alarmed. He said: ‘Woe is me, perhaps he will kill me.’ What were the signs [of rage] upon Judah? Those of the house of Shilo said: Blood flowed from his two eyes. Some say: He would wear five garments that were like warriors’ armor. When he would grow angry, there was one hair over his heart that would rip through them all. What did Joseph do at that moment? That stone pillar upon which he was seated, he kicked it and rendered it a heap of pebbles. At this Judah was astonished and said: ‘This one is mightier than I am.’ At that moment, Judah grasped his sword and sought to draw it from its scabbard, but it would not be drawn for him. Judah said: ‘This one must be a God-fearing man; that is why it is stated: “Wisdom will fortify the wise”’ (Ecclesiastes 7:19).

אֲדֹנִי שָׁאַל אֶת עֲבָדָיו וגו' (בראשית מד, יט), אָמַר לוֹ מִתְּחִלָּה בָּאתָ עָלֵינוּ בַּעֲלִילָה, כַּמָּה מְדִינוֹת יָרְדוּ לְמִצְרַיִם לִשְׁבֹּר אֹכֶל וְלֹא שָׁאַלְתָּ אֶחָד מֵהֶם, שֶׁמָּא בִּתְּךָ בָּאנוּ לִקַּח, אוֹ אַתָּה סָבוּר לִשָּׂא אֶת אֲחוֹתֵנוּ, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן לֹא כִּסִּינוּ מִמָּךְ. אָמַר לוֹ אֲנִי רוֹאֶה בְךָ שֶׁפַּטִּיט אַתָּה, יֵשׁ בְּאַחֶיךָ פַּטִּיט כְּמוֹתְךָ, אָמַר לוֹ כָּל זֹאת שֶׁאַתָּה רוֹאֶה אֲנִי עָרַבְתִּי אוֹתוֹ, אָמַר לוֹ מִפְּנֵי מָה לֹא עָשִׂיתָ כֵן אֶת אָחִיךָ כְּשֶׁמָּכַרְתָּ אוֹתוֹ לַיִּשְׁמְעֵאלִים בְּעֶשְׂרִים כָּסֶף וְצִעַרְתָּ אֶת אָבִיךָ הַזָּקֵן וְאָמַרְתָּ לוֹ (בראשית לז, לג): טָרֹף טֹרַף יוֹסֵף, כֵּיוָן שֶׁשָּׁמַע יְהוּדָה כָּךְ צָעַק וּבָכָה בְּקוֹל גָּדוֹל, אָמַר (בראשית מד, לב): כִּי אֵיךְ אֶעֱלֶה אֶל אָבִי, אָמַר יְהוּדָה לְנַפְתָּלִי לֵךְ וּרְאֵה כַּמָּה שְׁוָקִים בְּמִצְרַיִם, קָפַץ וְחָזַר אָמַר לוֹ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר, אָמַר יְהוּדָה לְאֶחָיו, אֲנִי אַחֲרִיב מֵהֶם שְׁלשָׁה וּטְלוּ כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, אֶחָד אֶחָד, וְלֹא נַשְׁאֵר בָּהֶם אִישׁ (שמואל א יד, לו), אָמְרוּ לוֹ אֶחָיו יְהוּדָה מִצְרַיִם אֵינָה כִּשְׁכֶם אִם אַתָּה מַחֲרִיב אֶת מִצְרַיִם תַּחֲרִיב אֶת כָּל הָעוֹלָם, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה (בראשית מה, א): וְלֹא יָכֹל יוֹסֵף לְהִתְאַפֵּק, כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה יוֹסֵף שֶׁהִסְכִּימָה דַּעְתָּם לְהַחֲרִיב אֶת מִצְרַיִם אָמַר יוֹסֵף בְּלִבּוֹ מוּטָב שֶׁאֶתְוַדַּע לָהֶם וְאַל יַחֲרִיבוּ אֶת מִצְרַיִם, אָמַר לָהֶם יוֹסֵף לֹא כָךְ אֲמַרְתֶּם שֶׁאָחִיו שֶׁל זֶה מֵת, אֲנִי אֶקְרָאֶנּוּ וְיָבוֹא אֶצְלְכֶם, וְהָיָה קוֹרֵא יוֹסֵף בֶּן יַעֲקֹב בּוֹא אֶצְלִי, יוֹסֵף בֶּן יַעֲקֹב בּוֹא אֶצְלִי, וְהָיוּ מִסְתַּכְּלִין בְּאַרְבַּע פִּנּוֹת הַבַּיִת, אָמַר לָהֶם מָה אַתֶּם רוֹאִים (בראשית מה, ד): אֲנִי יוֹסֵף אֲחִיכֶם, מִיָּד פָּרְחָה נִשְׁמָתָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית מה, ג): וְלֹא יָכְלוּ אֶחָיו וגו', וְלֹא הֶאֱמִינוּ לוֹ עַד שֶׁפָּרַע עַצְמוֹ וְהֶרְאָה לָהֶם הַמִּילָה.

“My lord asked his servants, saying: Do you have a father or a brother?” (Genesis 44:19). “My lord asked his servants…” – [Judah] said to him: ‘From the outset you came against us with malice. How many countries descended to Egypt to purchase food? But you did not ask [this of] any of them. Did we, perhaps, come to take our daughter, or are you planning to marry our sister? Nevertheless, we hid nothing from you.’ [Joseph] said to him: ‘I see that you are a prattler. Is there among your brothers a prattler like you?’ [Judah] said to him: ‘All this that you see is because I became a guarantor for him.’ [Joseph] said to him: ‘Why did you not do so on behalf of your brother when you sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty silver pieces, and you brought anguish to your father and said to him: “Joseph was mauled”?’ (Genesis 37:33). When Judah heard this he screamed and cried in a loud voice. He said: “For how will I go up to my father?” (Genesis 44:34). Judah said to Naphtali: ‘Go and see how many marketplaces there are in Egypt.’ He leapt and returned and said to him: ‘Twelve.’ Judah said to his brothers: ‘I will destroy three of them, and each and every one of you take one each, “and no man will be left among them”’ (I Samuel 14:36). His brothers said to him: ‘Egypt is not like Shekhem. If you destroy Egypt you will be destroying the entire world.’ “Joseph could not restrain himself before all those standing before him, and he called: Remove every man from before me. No man stood with him when Joseph revealed himself to his brothers” (Genesis 45:1). “He raised his voice in weeping; the Egyptians heard, and the house of Pharaoh heard” (Genesis 45:2). “Joseph said to his brothers: I am Joseph; does my father still live? And his brothers could not answer him because they were alarmed before him” (Genesis 45:3). “Joseph said to his brothers: Please approach me, and they approached. He said: I am Joseph your brother whom you sold to Egypt” (Genesis 45:4). At that moment, “Joseph could not restrain himself” (Genesis 45:1). When Joseph saw that they had come to an agreement to destroy Egypt, Joseph said to himself: ‘It is preferable that I reveal myself to them and they will not destroy Egypt.’ Joseph said to them: ‘Did you not say that this one’s brother was dead? I will call him and he will come to you.’ He was calling: ‘Joseph son of Jacob, come to me. Joseph son of Jacob come to me.’ They were looking to the four corners of the palace. He said to them: ‘What are you looking for? “I am Joseph your brother”’ (Genesis 45:4). Immediately, their souls departed, as it is stated: “His brothers could not [answer him because they were alarmed before him]” (Genesis 45:3). But they did not believe him until he uncovered himself and showed them his circumcision.

אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא כָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁאַתְּ קוֹרֵא שֶׁדִּבֵּר יְהוּדָה לְיוֹסֵף בִּפְנֵי אֶחָיו עַד שֶׁאַתְּ מַגִּיעַ (בראשית מה, א): וְלֹא יָכֹל יוֹסֵף לְהִתְאַפֵּק, הָיָה בָּהֶם פִּיּוּס לְיוֹסֵף, וּפִיּוּס לְאֶחָיו, וּפִיּוּס לְבִנְיָמִין. פִּיּוּס לְיוֹסֵף, לוֹמַר רְאוּ הֵיךְ הוּא נוֹתֵן נַפְשׁוֹ עַל בָּנֶיהָ שֶׁל רָחֵל. פִּיּוּס, לְאֶחָיו לוֹמַר רְאוּ הֵיאַךְ הוּא נוֹתֵן נַפְשׁוֹ עַל אָחִיו. פִּיּוּס לְבִנְיָמִין, אָמַר לוֹ כְּשֵׁם שֶׁנָּתַתִּי נַפְשִׁי עָלֶיךָ כָּךְ אֲנִי נוֹתֵן נַפְשִׁי עַל אָחִיךָ. וְלֹא יָכֹל יוֹסֵף לְהִתְאַפֵּק וגו', רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר חֲנִינָא אָמַר לֹא עָשָׂה יוֹסֵף כַּשּׁוּרָה, שֶׁאִלּוּ בָּעֲטוּ בּוֹ אֶחָד מֵהֶם מִיָּד הָיָה מֵת. רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן אָמַר כַּהֹגֶן וְכַשּׁוּרָה עָשָׂה, יוֹדֵעַ הָיָה צִדְקָן שֶׁל אֶחָיו, אָמַר חַס וְשָׁלוֹם אֵין אַחַי חֲשׁוּדִים עַל שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים.

Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said: In all the matters that you read that Judah spoke to Joseph in the presence of his brothers until you reach: “Joseph could not restrain himself,” there is conciliation for Joseph, conciliation for his brothers and conciliation for Benjamin. Conciliation for Joseph, saying: See how he is giving his life for the sake of Rachel’s sons. Conciliation for his brothers, saying: See how he is giving his life for his brother’s sake. Conciliation for Benjamin, he said to him: ‘Just as I am giving my life for your sake, so I am willing to give my life for your brother’s sake.’ “Joseph could not restrain himself…” – Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina said: Joseph did not act properly, as had one of them kicked him, he would have immediately died. Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: He acted appropriately and properly. He was aware of his brothers’ righteousness. He said: ‘God forbid, my brothers are not suspected of bloodshed.’

וַיִּתֵּן אֶת קֹלוֹ בִּבְכִי, וְלֹא יָכְלוּ אֶחָיו לַעֲנוֹת אֹתוֹ (בראשית מה, ב ג), אַבָּא כֹּהֵן בַּרְדְּלָא אָמַר, אוֹי לָנוּ מִיּוֹם הַדִּין אוֹי לָנוּ מִיּוֹם הַתּוֹכֵחָה, בִּלְעָם חָכָם שֶׁל הָעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים לֹא יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד בְּתוֹכַחְתָּהּ שֶׁל אֲתוֹנוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (במדבר כב, ל): הַהַסְכֵּן הִסְכַּנְתִּי לַעֲשׂוֹת לְךָ כֹּה וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא. יוֹסֵף קְטַנָּן שֶׁל שְׁבָטִים הָיָה וְלֹא הָיוּ יְכוֹלִים לַעֲמֹד בְּתוֹכַחְתּוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וְלֹא יָכְלוּ אֶחָיו לַעֲנוֹת אֹתוֹ כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ מִפָּנָיו, לִכְשֶׁיָּבוֹא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְיוֹכִיחַ כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד לְפִי מַה שֶּׁהוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים נ, כא): אוֹכִיחֲךָ וְאֶעֶרְכָה לְעֵינֶיךָ, עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. (בראשית מה, ד): גְּשׁוּ נָא אֵלַי וַיִּגָּשׁוּ, הֶרְאָה לָהֶם אֶת הַמִּילָה. (בראשית מה, ד): אֲנִי יוֹסֵף (בראשית מה, ח): וְעַתָּה לֹא אַתֶּם שְׁלַחְתֶּם וגו' וַיְשִׂימֵנִי לְאָב לְפַרְעֹה, לְפַטְרוֹן בַּסִּילְיוֹן, לְאָדוֹן, לְרִבּוֹן, מוֹשֵׁל, לְשַׁלִּיט. (בראשית מה, ט): מַהֲרוּ וַעֲלוּ אֶל אָבִי וַאֲמַרְתֶּם אֵלָיו, שֶׁלֹא תַעֲמִיד אֶת הַשָּׁעָה. (בראשית מה, יב): כִּי פִי הַמְדַבֵּר אֲלֵיכֶם, בְּלָשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ.

“He raised his voice in weeping…. And his brothers could not answer him” – Abba Kohen Bardela said: Woe unto us from the Day of Judgment; woe unto us from the day of rebuke. Bilam, the wise man of the idolaters, could not withstand the rebuke of his donkey. That is what is written: “Have I been in the habit of doing so to you? He said: No” (Numbers 22:30). Joseph was the youngest of the tribes and they were unable to withstand his rebuke. That is what it is written: “And his brothers could not answer him because they were alarmed before him.” When the Holy One blessed be He will come and rebuke each and every one according to his status, as it is stated: “I would reprove you and set it before your eyes” (Psalms 50:21), all the more so. “Please approach me, and they approached” – he showed them the circumcision. “I am Joseph.” “And now, it was not you that sent me here, but God. He made me into a father to Pharaoh, and into a lord for all his house, and ruler over the entire land of Egypt” (Genesis 45:8). “And now it was not you that sent…He made me into a father to Pharaoh, [and into a lord [uladon] for all his house, and ruler [umoshel] over…]” – a patron to the king, “uladon” – a lord; umoshel – a ruler. “Hurry and go up to my father, and say to him: So said your son Joseph: God has made me lord for all Egypt; come down to me, do not tarry” (Genesis 45:9). “Hurry and go up to my father, and say to him” – do not miss the opportunity. “And, behold, your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that it is my mouth that is speaking to you” (Genesis 45:12). “That it is my mouth that is speaking to you” – in the sacred tongue.

רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אָמַר אוֹי לָנוּ מִיּוֹם הַדִּין אוֹי לָנוּ מִיּוֹם הַתּוֹכֵחָה, וּמַה יּוֹסֵף הַצַּדִּיק שֶׁהוּא בָּשָׂר וָדָם כְּשֶׁהוֹכִיחַ אֶת אֶחָיו לֹא יָכְלוּ לַעֲמֹד בְּתוֹכַחְתּוֹ, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁהוּא דַּיָן וּבַעַל דִּין וְיוֹשֵׁב עַל כִּסֵּא דִּין וְדָן כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה שֶׁאֵין כָּל בָּשָׂר וָדָם יְכוֹלִים לַעֲמֹד לְפָנָיו.

Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya said: Woe unto us from the Day of Judgment; woe unto us from the day of rebuke. If the righteous Joseph, who is flesh and blood, when he rebuked his brothers, they were unable to withstand his rebuke, the Holy One blessed be He who is Judge, Litigant, sits on the bench of judgment, and judges each and every one, all the more so, that all flesh and blood people will be unable to stand before Him.

וַיִּפֹּל עַל צַוְּארֵי בִנְיָמִן אָחִיו וַיֵּבְךְּ (בראשית מה, יד), וְכִי שְׁנֵי צַוָּארִים הָיוּ לוֹ לְבִנְיָמִין, אֶלָּא אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן פְּדָת יוֹסֵף רָאָה בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁשְּׁנֵי בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁוֹת עֲתִידִין לִבָּנוֹת בְּחֶלְקוֹ שֶׁל בִּנְיָמִין וַעֲתִידִין לֵחָרֵב, (בראשית מה, יד): וּבִנְיָמִן בָּכָה עַל צַוָּארָיו, רָאָה שֶׁמִּשְׁכַּן שִׁלֹה עָתִיד לְהֵעָשׂוֹת בְּחֶלְקוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף וְעָתִיד לֵחָרֵב. (בראשית מה, ב): וַיִּתֵּן אֶת קֹלוֹ בִּבְכִי, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁלֹא פִּיֵּס יוֹסֵף אֶת אֶחָיו אֶלָּא בִּבְכִיָּה, כָּךְ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵינוֹ גּוֹאֵל אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ בְּכִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה לא, ח): בִּבְכִי יָבֹאוּ וּבְתַחֲנוּנִים אוֹבִילֵם.

“He fell upon the neck of his brother Benjamin and wept, and Benjamin wept upon his neck” (Genesis 45:14). “He fell upon the neck [tzaverei] of his brother Benjamin, and wept” – did Benjamin have two necks? Rather, Rabbu Elazar ben Pedat said: Joseph saw through the Divine Spirit that two Temples were destined to be built in Benjamin’s portion and were destined to be destroyed. “And Benjamin wept upon his neck” – he saw that the Tabernacle in Shilo was destined to be fashioned in Joseph’s portion and was destined to be destroyed. “He raised his voice in weeping” (Genesis 45:2) – just as Joseph placated his brothers only through weeping, so, the Holy One blessed be He will redeem Israel only through weeping, as it is stated: “They will come with weeping, and with supplications I will lead them” (Jeremiah 31:9).