אִם קֵהָה הַבַּרְזֶל, אִם נִתְקַהָה הָרַב עַל הַתַּלְמִיד כַּבַּרְזֶל. וְהוּא לֹא פָנִים, וְאֵין הָרַב מַסְבִּיר פָּנִים לַתַּלְמִיד. קִלְקַל, קִלְקוּל מַעֲשִׂים יֵשׁ בַּתַּלְמִיד. וַחֲיָלִים יְגַבֵּר, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה יָבִיא עֲשָׂרָה בְּנֵי אָדָם וְהֵם מְפַיְּסִין אֶת הָרַב, סוֹף שֶׁהוּא מוֹתִיר הֶכְשֵׁר חָכְמָה. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אִם קֵהָה הַבַּרְזֶל, אִם נִתְקַהָה הַתַּלְמִיד עַל הָרַב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי כז, יז): בַּרְזֶל בְּבַרְזֶל יָחַד, וְאֵין הָרַב מַסְבִּיר לַתַּלְמִיד, קִלְקַל, קִלְקוּל מַעֲשִׂים יֵשׁ בַּתַּלְמִיד, וַחֲיָלִים יְגַבֵּר, יֵלֵךְ וְיָבִיא עֲשָׂרָה בְּנֵי אָדָם וִיפַיְּיסִין אֶת רַבּוֹ, וְיִתְרוֹן הַכְשֵׁיר חָכְמָה, סוֹף הוּא מוֹתִיר לוֹ כַּעְסוֹ וְיַכְשִׁיר לוֹ אֶת תַּלְמוּדוֹ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אִם קֵהָה הַבַּרְזֶל, אִם נִקְהָה תַּלְמוּדְךָ עָלֶיךָ כַּבַּרְזֶל, וְהוּא לֹא פָנִים קִלְקַל, אֵינוֹ בָּא לְיָדְךָ לְהַסְבִּירוֹ בְּפָנֶיךָ, קַלְקֵל עָלָיו בְּחֵילֶךָ. חַד מִתַּלְמִידוֹי דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי אִינְשֵׁי אוּלְפָנֵיהּ, אֲזַל לֵיהּ בָּכֵי לְבֵי עוֹלָמִין, מִדְּכִי הֲוָה בָּכֵי סַגִּי אִתְחֲמֵי לֵיהּ בְּחֶלְמֵיהּ, וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ כַּד תְּהֵא רָמֵי בִּי תְּלָתָא קָלֵי אֲנָא אָתֵי, אָזֵיל הַהוּא תַּלְמִידָא לְגַבֵּי פָּתַר חֶילְמַיָּיא וְתַנֵּי לֵיהּ עוֹבָדָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אֱמוֹר פִּרְקָךְ תְּלַת זִימְנִין וְהוּא אָתֵי לָךְ, וַעֲבַד כֵּן וְכֵן הֲוַת לֵיהּ. אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה אִם נִקְהָת אֻמָּה שֶׁהִיא קָשֶׁה כֹּחָהּ כַּבַּרְזֶל, דִּכְתִיב (דברים ד, כ): וְאֶתְכֶם לָקַח ה' וַיּוֹצִא אֶתְכֶם מִכּוּר הַבַּרְזֶל מִמִּצְרָיִם, וְהוּא לֹא פָנִים קִלְקַל, וְאֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַסְבִּיר פָּנִים לַדּוֹר, קִלְקַל, מַעֲשִׂים רָעִים יֵשׁ בַּדּוֹר, מַה יַּעֲשֶׂה, וַחֲיָלִים יְגַבֵּר, יִגְזְרוּ צוֹמִין וְתַעֲנִיּוֹת וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יְוַתֵּר הוּא לָהֶם לְעוֹלָם. רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר פַּפָּא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּרַבִּי סִימוֹן אָמַר, אִם נִתְקָהוּ שָׁמַיִם שֶׁעַל רָאשֵׁיכֶם כַּבַּרְזֶל, הֵיאַךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (ויקרא כו, יט): וְנָתַתִּי אֶת שְׁמֵיכֶם כַּבַּרְזֶל, וְאֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַסְבִּיר פָּנִים, קִלְקֵל מַעֲשִׂים יֵשׁ בַּדּוֹר, מַה יַּעֲשׂוּ יִגְזְרוּ תַּעֲנִית וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְרַוֵיחַ לְעוֹלָמוֹ.
“If the iron is dull, and one did not whet the edge, he must intensify his exertion; the advantage is in preparation with wisdom” (Ecclesiastes 10:10). “If the iron is dull,” if the teacher’s face is dull toward his student like iron, “and one did not [whet] the edge [panim],” and the teacher does not show the student a friendly countenance [panim], “whet [kilkal],” there is a deterioration [kilkul] in the actions of the student. “He must intensify his exertion” – what should [the student] do? He should bring ten people who will appease the teacher and, ultimately, he will have much preparation for wisdom. Another matter: “If the iron is dull,” if the student’s face is dull toward his teacher, as it is stated: “Iron sharpens iron; [so a man sharpens the countenance of his friend]” (Proverbs 27:17), and [therefore,] the teacher does not show the student a friendly countenance, “kilkal,” there is a deterioration [kilkul] in the actions of the student. “He must intensify his exertion” – [the student] should bring ten people who will appease his teacher. “The advantage [veyitron] is in preparation [hakhsheir] with wisdom” – ultimately, he will relinquish [motir] his anger and will enable [veyakhshir] him [to succeed in] his studies. Another matter: “If the iron is dull,” if your studies have become dull like iron, “and one did not whet the edge,” [your teacher] cannot come to explain it to you, overcome it with your own ability. One of the students of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai forgot his studies. He went crying to the cemetery. As he was crying profusely, he was shown a dream, and [a voice] said to him: When you cast three pebbles at me I will come. That student went to an interpreter of dreams and recounted the incident to him. [The interpreter of dreams] said to him: ‘Recite your studies three times and it will come to you.’ He did so, and so it was for him. Rabbi Berekhya said: If the nation whose power is as strong as iron, as it is written: “And the Lord took you and brought you out from the iron crucible, from Egypt” (Deuteronomy 4:20), becomes dull; “and one did not whet the edge” – and the Holy One blessed be He is not forthcoming toward the generation; “kilkal” – there are evil deeds in this generation. What shall they do? “He must intensify his exertion” – let them decree fasts, and the Holy One blessed be He will grant them eternal forgiveness. Rabbi Ḥama bar Pappa said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon: If the skies above your heads have become dull like iron, as it is stated: “I will render your skies like iron” (Leviticus 26:19), and the Holy One blessed be He is not forthcoming, there are corrupt [kilkal] actions in the generation. What shall they do? They shall decree a fast, and the Holy One blessed be He will provide relief to His world.