זְבוּבֵי מָוֶת יַבְאִישׁ יַבִּיעַ שֶׁמֶן רוֹקֵחַ, בֶּן עַזַּאי וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, בֶּן עַזַּאי אָמַר זְבוּב אֶחָד שֶׁמֵּת אֵינוֹ מַבְאִישׁ וּמַבִּיעַ שֶׁמֶן רוֹקֵחַ, אֶלָּא בְּחֵטְא יְחִידִי שֶׁחָטָא אִבֵּד מִמֶּנּוּ טוֹבָה הַרְבֵּה. דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא (ישעיה ה, יד): לָכֵן הִרְחִיבָה שְׁאוֹל נַפְשָׁהּ וּפָעֲרָה פִּיהָ לִבְלִי חֹק, חֻקִּים אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן, אֶלָּא לִבְלִי חֹק, מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ מִצְווֹת שֶׁתַּכְרִיעַ לוֹ עַל זְכֻיּוֹתָיו. דּוֹרְשֵׁי רְשׁוּמוֹת אוֹמְרִים, הָאָדָם נִדּוֹן אַחַר רֻבּוֹ, וּלְעוֹלָם יָמֹד אָדָם עַצְמוֹ חֶצְיוֹ זַכַּאי וְחֶצְיוֹ חַיָּב, עָשָׂה מִצְוָה אַחַת אַשְׁרָיו שֶׁהִכְרִיעַ אֶת עַצְמוֹ לְכַף זְכוּת, עָבַר עֲבֵרָה אַחַת אוֹי לוֹ שֶׁהִכְרִיעַ אֶת עַצְמוֹ לְכַף חוֹבָה. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר, לְפִי שֶׁהַיָּחִיד נִדּוֹן אַחַר רֻבּוֹ, וְהָעוֹלָם נִדּוֹן אַחַר רֻבּוֹ, בְּחֵטְא יְחִידִי שֶׁחָטָא זֶה אִבֵּד מִמֶּנּוּ וּמִן הָעוֹלָם טוֹבָה הַרְבֵּה.
“Dead flies spoil and froth a perfumer’s oil; a little folly is weightier than wisdom, than honor” (Ecclesiastes 10:1). “Dead flies spoil and froth a perfumer’s oil” – ben Azai and Rabbi Akiva: ben Azai said: Does one fly that dies not spoil and froth a perfumer’s oil? So too does a single sin that one performs will cause a person to lose much good. Rabbi Akiva expounded: “Therefore, the netherworld has expanded itself, and opened its mouth without limit [ḥok]” (Isaiah 5:14). It is not written ḥukim, but rather “without ḥok,” one who does not have mitzvot to tip the scales in favor of his virtues. Those who engage in allegorical interpretations of the Torah say: A person is judged on the basis of the majority of his [deeds]. A person should always assess himself as though he is half virtuous and half guilty; if he performs one mitzva, happy is he, as he tipped his scales in favor of virtue, if he performs one transgression, woe is he, as he tipped his scales in favor of guilt. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar said: Because the individual is judged on the basis of the majority of his [deeds], and the world is judged on the basis of its majority, with the single transgression that this one [individual] performs, he causes himself and the world to lose much good.