Rabbinic JudaismAvot D'Rabbi Natan 8HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
Avot DeRabbi NatanAvot D'Rabbi Natan 8

Avot DeRabbi Natan

Avot D'Rabbi Natan 8

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English · David Kasher

Yehoshua ben Perachya and Nittai the Arbelite received from them. Yehoshua ben Perachya said: Make for yourself a teacher, and acquire for yourself a friend, and judge everyone favorably. Make for yourself a teacher. How so? This teaches that one should make a regular relationship with his teacher, and should learn from him Scripture, Mishnah, Midrash, Halakhot, and Aggadot. As, the explanation for what he has learned in Scripture will eventually be told to him in Mishnah. And the explanation for what he has learned in Midrash will eventually be told to him in the Halakhot. And the explanation for what he has learned in the Halakhot will eventually be told to him in the Aggadah. And so this person will [come to be settled in his place] and full of goodness and blessing.

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English · David Kasher

Rabbi Meir would say: Someone who learns Torah from one teacher – what is he like? Like someone who had one field and planted part of it with wheat and part of it with barley [and part of it with olives and part of it with trees. We find such a person is full of goodness and blessing. But when someone learns from two or three teachers, he is like someone who has many fields. One he plants with wheat and one he plants with barley] and one he plants with olives and one he plants with trees. We find such a person is spread out across the land, and is without goodness or blessing.

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English · David Kasher

And acquire for yourself a friend. How so? This teaches that a person should acquire a friend for himself who will eat with him, and drink with him, and study Scripture and Mishnah with him, and go to sleep with him, and tell him all his secrets, both secrets of the Torah and secrets of the ways of the world. For when they sit and engage in Torah together, and one of them makes a mistake in the law, or the division of chapters, or declares an impure thing pure, or a pure thing impure, [or a forbidden thing permitted or a permitted thing forbidden, then his friend will correct him. And how do we know] that when his friend corrects him and studies with him, that they will have great reward from their studies? For it says (Ecclesiastes 4:9), “The two are better than the one, for they have great reward from their efforts.”

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English · David Kasher

When three people sit and engage in Torah together, the Holy Blessed One considers it as if they had become one unified troop before Him, as it says (Amos 9:6), “Who built His chambers in the heavens, and founded His troop on earth. (Who summons the water to the sea and spills it out on the face of the earth. the Eternal is His name.)” From this you learn that three who sit and engage in Torah are regarded as if they had become a unified troop before the Holy Blessed One.

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English · David Kasher

When two people sit together and engage in Torah, their reward is accrued on High – as it says (Malachi 3:16), “Then the God-fearing people spoke together, every man to his fellow, and the Eternal listened.” And who are these God-fearing people? It is those who make a public proclamation, saying: We must go and release prisoners and redeem the captives. Then the Holy Blessed One provides for them and they are able to go and accomplish this immediately. And who are those that “think of God’s name” (the end of the verse in Malachi 3:16)? These are the people who just think silently in their hearts: We should go and release the prisoners and redeem the captives. The Holy Blessed One does not provide for them, and an angel comes along and smacks them to the ground.

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English · David Kasher

When one person sits alone and engages in Torah, his reward is accrued on High, as it says (Lamentations 3:27), “Let him sit alone in silence, for God has placed it upon him.” They gave a parable: To what can this be compared? [It can be compared] to someone who had a young son whom he left alone and went out to the marketplace. The boy went and got a scroll and placed it on his knees, and was sitting and studying it when his father came back from the marketplace. The father said: Look at my young son whom I left alone when I went to the marketplace! What did he do? He took it upon himself to study, and he went and got a scroll and placed in on his knees and sat and studied it! You learn from this that even one person who sits alone and engages in study accrues his reward on High.

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English · David Kasher

And judge everyone favorably. There is a story of a young woman who was kidnapped, and two pious men went to pay her ransom. One of them went into a brothel. When he came out, he said to his friend: What did you suspect (when you saw me go in there)? He replied: Only that you were trying to find out what her ransom would be. He said: That is in fact what happened. And just as you judged me favorably, so the Holy Blessed One will judge you favorably.”

8
English · David Kasher

There is another story of a young woman who was kidnapped, and two pious men went to pay her ransom. One of them was arrested and accused of robbery and sent to prison. Every day, his wife would bring him bread and water. One day, he said to her: Go to my friend [the other pious man] and tell him that I am being held in prison [(and accused of soliciting a prostitute), while he just sits in his house and does nothing to help the young woman. His wife replied: It’s bad enough that you are being held in prison, but now you also engage in this kind of foolishness?] He said to her: Please, just go and say this to him. So she went and related this to his friend. What did the friend do? He went and brought silver and gold, and other men with him, and got them both released. When the first man got out, he said: Let me sleep next to the young woman in bed, but with her clothes on. In the morning, he said to them: Now immerse me in water, and then immerse her in water. They did so. Then he said to them: What did you suspect during my immersion? They said to him: We said to ourselves, all that time that he was in prison, he was hungry and thirsty, and now he is out in the fresh air…so this all warmed up your flesh and you were overstimulated, so perhaps you had an ejaculation [and that is why you had to immerse]. He said: And what did you suspect during her immersion? They said to him: After all that time that she was among the idolaters, perhaps she ate and drank from their foods, and now you were telling us to immerse her so that she would be purified. He said to them: That is in fact just what happened, and you, who have judged me favorably, will be judged favorably by the Omnipresent God. Just as the early righteous people were pious, so too were their animals. They say that Abraham’s camels would not go into a house that had idols in it, as it says (Genesis 24:31), “I have cleared the house, and made space for the camels.” [“I have cleared the house” – of idols. But what do you learn from “and made space for the camels”?] That teaches us that they would not go into the house of Lavan the Aramean until all the idols were cleared out. There is a story that Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa’s donkey was stolen by robbers. They put it in the courtyard and placed straw, barley, and water in front it, but it would not eat or drink. They said: How can we leave it here? It will just die and rot in the courtyard. So they opened the door and put the animal outside, and it started walking and kept going until it reached [the home of] Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa. When it got there, his son heard it braying. He said: Father, isn’t this voice is like the voice of our animal? He said: Son, open the door for it, for it is clearly dying of hunger. He got up and opened the door, and put straw and barley and water in front of it, and it ate and drank. That is why they say: Just as the early righteous people were pious, so too were their animals.”

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Public-domain Hebrew editions, digitized by Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

Avot DeRabbi Natan, translated by David Kasher (2019). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

English translation: Avot DeRabbi Natan, translated by David Kasher (2019), via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

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