Rabbinic JudaismAvot D'Rabbi Natan 30HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
Avot DeRabbi NatanAvot D'Rabbi Natan 30

Avot DeRabbi Natan

Avot D'Rabbi Natan 30

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English · David Kasher

Rabbi Natan ben Yosef would say: Anyone who neglects words of Torah because of his wealth will come to neglect them because of poverty. And anyone who fulfills words of Torah in poverty will come to fulfill them in wealth. He would also say: Comforting mourners, visiting the sick, and acts of kindness bring good to the world.

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English · David Kasher

Rabbi Meir would say: When someone commits a transgression out of uncertainty, the Torah considers it as if he had done it out of certainty. How so? If a person sins, and becomes aware of his sin, he must bring a sin offering worth one sela or a tenth of a bushel of grain worth one dupondium. But if he is uncertain about whether or not he sinned, he must bring a guilt offering worth two sela. For which is the greater force, reward or punishment? Surely one must say reward. Therefore, we can make an a fortiori inference: If punishment is the weaker force, and one who commits a transgression out of uncertainty will be considered to have done it out of certainty, then all the more so will a reward be given [even when it is uncertain whether he deserves it]. Rabbi Natan ben Yosef would say: When someone commits a transgression accidentally, the Torah considers it as if he had done it on purpose. How so? When someone commits involuntary manslaughter, he is exiled to a city of refuge. But if someone finds him before he reaches the city and kills him to avenge the first death, the avenger is not held culpable. But if someone murders intentionally, and someone comes to avenge the death and kills the murderer, [then he is exiled because of it.] For which is the greater force, reward or punishment? Surely one must say reward. So if punishment is the weaker force, then when someone commits a transgression accidentally and the Torah considers it as if he had done it on purpose, then all the more so would one be rewarded [even when he has done a good deed accidentally].

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English · David Kasher

Rabbi Akiva would say: Anyone who associates with sinners, even if he does not do as they do, receives punishment just as they do. How so? Two people testify against a third person and say: This person killed someone. If they are then discovered to have lied, they will be sentenced to death. And if, when they are taken out to be stoned, another person runs up after them and (comes forward and) says: I know something else about them, they tell him to give testimony. If he too is discovered to have lied, then he too is sentenced to death. When they take him out to be stoned, he will say: Woe is me, for if I had never come forward, I would not have been sentenced to death! Now that I have accused them, I too will die. (They say to him, “Empty one! Even if one hundred people came after you, and then were discovered to have lied, they all would have been killed.) For which is the greater force, reward or punishment? Surely one must say reward. So if punishment is the weaker force, and someone who associates with sinners – even if he does not do as they do – receives punishment, then all the more so would one be rewarded [if he associated with those who do good deeds].

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English · David Kasher

Rabbi Shimon would say: Such is the punishment for a liar, that even when he speaks the truth, no one listens to him. So we find with the children of Jacob, who deceived their father. In the beginning he believed them, as it says (Genesis 37:31), “They took Joseph’s coat, slaughtered a goat,” and then it says (Genesis 37:33), “He recognized it, and said: This is my son’s coat! But afterward, even when they spoke the truth to him, he did not believe them, as it says (Genesis 45:26), ([“His heart became numb, for he did not believe them.”]) “They told him, and said: Joseph is still alive…[but] he did not believe them.” Some say that the holy spirit that had departed from Jacob now returned to him, as it says (Genesis 45:27), “And the spirit of their father Jacob was revived.”

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Avot DeRabbi Natan

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Public-domain Hebrew editions, digitized by Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

Avot DeRabbi Natan, translated by David Kasher (2019). CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

English translation: Avot DeRabbi Natan, translated by David Kasher (2019), via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

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