Rabbinic JudaismMesillat Yesharim 9HOLYMAP · SACRED TEXTS
The Path of the JustMesillat Yesharim 9

The Path of the Just

Mesillat Yesharim 9

1
English · Yosef Sebag

The factors which diminish Zeal are those which increase laziness. The greatest of them all is seeking tranquility of body, hatred of exertion and love of [bodily] enjoyments to their fullest extent.

2
English · Yosef Sebag

For behold, to a man like this, the service of G-d will certainly weigh very heavily upon him. For one who wishes to eat his meals with full peace and tranquility, to sleep without any disturbance, to walk only at his own leisurely pace, or other similar things, undoubtedly it will be very difficult for him to rise early for synagogue or to cut his meal short so as to pray the afternoon service or to go out to perform a Mitzva if the time is not convenient for him. How much more so, to hurry himself to perform a Mitzva or to study Torah.

3
English · Yosef Sebag

One who habituates himself in these practices is not master over himself to do the opposite of these things when he wishes. For his will is already imprisoned in the prison of habit which has become second nature to him.

4
English · Yosef Sebag

A man needs to realize that he was not placed in this world for tranquility but rather for toil and exertion. He must conduct himself only as the laborers who perform work for their employers similar to what was said "we are day laborers" (Eruvin 65a) and in the manner of soldiers in their war formations who eat swiftly and sleep irregularly, always ready to engage in battle.

5
English · Yosef Sebag

On this scripture says "man was born to toil" (Iyov 5:7). When a man habituates himself in this manner, he will certainly find the service of G-d easy since he does not lack the preparation and readiness for it. Along these lines our sages of blessed memory said "this is the way of Torah, eat bread with salt, drink water in small measure, and sleep on the ground" (Avot 6:4) which is a general statement of distancing to the utmost extreme from the comforts and pleasures.

6
English · Yosef Sebag

Another factor which diminishes Zeal is great fear and apprehension of what the future may bring so that sometimes one may fear the cold or the heat. Other times mishaps or illnesses. Other times from the wind and so on and so forth. This is what Shlomo, peace be unto him, said: "The lazy one says there is a lion in the way; a lion is among the streets." (Mishlei 26:13).

7
English · Yosef Sebag

The sages already denigrated this trait and attributed it to the sinners, with many verses to support them such as "the sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling has seized the flatterers." (Isaiah 33:14). One of the great sages upon noticing his disciple afraid said to him: "you are a sinner" (Berachot 60a).

8
English · Yosef Sebag

On this scripture says: "trust in G-d and do good dwell in the land and be nourished by faith" (Tehilim 37:3).

9
English · Yosef Sebag

The summary of the matter is that a man must make himself incidental in worldly matters but fixed in the service of G-d, be content and satisfied in all worldly matters with whatever comes to him, taking what comes to hand, be far from rest and close to toil and exertion, his heart trusting securely in G-d, and not fearing the future and whatever mishaps it may bring.

10
English · Yosef Sebag

Perhaps you will say: behold we see that the sages everywhere obligated a man to guard himself well and not put himself in danger even if he is a righteous person with many merits. For instance: "everything is in the hands of heaven except colds and heatstrokes" (Ketubot 30a) and the Torah says "you shall guard yourselves very carefully" (Devarim 4:15). Hence one should not decide to "trust in G-d" in all situations, and in the Talmud Yerushalmi (Berachot 3, see also Chulin 142a) they said: "even when performing a Mitzva!".

11
English · Yosef Sebag

Know that there is fear and there is fear. There is justified fear and there is foolish fear. There is trust [in G-d] and there is recklessness.

12
English · Yosef Sebag

The L-rd, blessed be He, has made man with sound intellect and clear reasoning in order that he may guide himself in the right way and guard from harmful things which were created to punish the wicked.

13
English · Yosef Sebag

But someone who does not want to guide himself in an intelligent manner and exposes himself to dangers - this is not trust in G-d but rather foolishness. Such a person sins in that he is acting against the will of G-d who desires that a man guard himself.

14
English · Yosef Sebag

Hence, besides the inherent danger which he is exposing himself to due to failing to guard himself properly, he also actively brings punishment down upon himself for the sin which he commits. Thus the sin itself is what brings upon him the punishment.

15
English · Yosef Sebag

The type of fear and guarding of oneself which is appropriate is that which is based on the guidance of wisdom and reason. On this scripture says: "the clever man sees the evil and escapes but the fool continues through and is punished" (Mishlei 22:3).

16
English · Yosef Sebag

The foolish fear is when a man wants to add protection upon protection and fear upon fear, devising precautions for his precautions in such a way that this results in neglect of Torah study and divine service.

17
English · Yosef Sebag

The general principle to distinguish between the two types of fear is as our sages specified saying: "where harm is likely it is different" (Pesachim 8b).

18
English · Yosef Sebag

For in a place where harm is likely and foreseeable it is proper to guard oneself. But in a place where there is no known danger one should not fear.

19
English · Yosef Sebag

On similar to this the sages said: "we do not assume any defect without cause" (Chulin 56b). And "a judge need be guided only by that which his eyes see" (Bava Batra 131a). This itself is the intent of the verse we brought earlier "the clever man sees the evil and hides himself" (Mishlei 22:3), which states only about escaping from the evil that one can see not of the evil which perhaps, possibly, may occur.

20
English · Yosef Sebag

This is precisely like the verse brought earlier "the lazy man says there is a lion in the way.." (Mishlei 26:13). Our sages, of blessed memory, illustrated, in successive degrees, to what extent unfounded fear can go to cause a person to refrain from good deeds. They said (Midrash Devarim Raba 8:6):

21
English · Yosef Sebag

Shlomo said seven things regarding the lazy man. To illustrate:

22
English · Yosef Sebag

They said to the lazy man: "Your teacher is in the city, go and learn Torah from him".

23
English · Yosef Sebag

He replies: "I am afraid of the lion on the road" [Mishlei 26:13].

24
English · Yosef Sebag

"Your teacher is in the neighborhood".

25
English · Yosef Sebag

He replies: "I am afraid he may be between the paths" [ibid].

26
English · Yosef Sebag

"He is in your building".

27
English · Yosef Sebag

He replies: "if I go to him, I may find the door locked...", see there.

28
English · Yosef Sebag

We learn from here that it is not the fear that causes him to be lazy, but rather the opposite, the laziness causes the fear.

29
English · Yosef Sebag

Everyday experience can testify on the truth of these things as such conduct is evident and widespread among the masses of people "whose ways are folly" (Tehilim 49:13). One who thinks on this matter will find the absolute truth and knowledge will come readily to the understanding person.

30
English · Yosef Sebag

We have already clarified the matter of Zeal to an extent which I deem will suffice to rouse one's heart. The wise man will become wiser and increase in understanding.

31
English · Yosef Sebag

See that it is proper for the step of Zeal to follow after the step of Watchfulness. For generally a man will not be Zealous if he is not first watchful of his deeds. One who does not put to heart to be cautious in his deeds nor to contemplate the divine service and its principles, which constitutes the trait of Watchfulness as I wrote, will find it very difficult to don love and yearning for the service of G-d and to be zealous with passion before his Creator.

32
English · Yosef Sebag

For such a person is still drowning in the bodily desires and running in the momentum of his habit, which distances him away from all this. But after he has opened his eyes to see his deeds, been watchful of them, made the accounting of the Mitzvot against the sins as we mentioned, it will be easy for him to turn from evil and to long for the good and be zealous in it. This is evident.

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Public-domain Hebrew editions, digitized by Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Path of the Just, translated by Rabbi Yosef Sebag. CC BY. Text from Sefaria (sefaria.org). · Source ↗

English translation: Path of the Just, translated by Rabbi Yosef Sebag, via Sefaria (sefaria.org). Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Changes: footnotes and HTML formatting removed.

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