State and religion · 1501 CE

Iran declared Shiʿi

Tabriz, Iran

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Illustration · AI-generated: artistic, not documentary.

Ismāʿīl I, aged about fourteen, took Tabriz, was crowned shah and proclaimed Twelver Shiʿism the religion of his new state. Iran was then mostly Sunni: historians describe a long conversion enforced by the state, in which Sunnis were persecuted, driven out or killed. Iran is today the country with the largest Shiʿi population.

People: Ismāʿīl I

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