Teacher · c. 1100 CE

Rāmānuja and qualified non-duality

Śrīraṅgam, Tamil Nadu, India

MedievalDifferent paths
A wider world

The moment

Illustration · AI-generated: artistic, not documentary.

At the temple town of Śrīraṅgam, Rāmānuja gave devotion to a personal God a rigorous philosophy. Against Śaṅkara he taught Viśiṣṭādvaita, 'qualified non-duality': souls and the world are real, and they form the body of Viṣṇu, whom the soul exists to serve.

People: Rāmānuja

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