The moment
Pope Innocent III gathered over 400 bishops and hundreds of abbots and priors in Rome in November 1215. Their canons, about 70 of them, reached into every parish: every adult was to confess to their own priest and receive communion at least once a year at Easter, the change of bread and wine in the Mass was defined as transubstantiation, new religious orders were forbidden, clergy were barred from blessing trials by ordeal, and Jews and Muslims were ordered to wear distinguishing dress.
People: Pope Innocent III