The moment
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān I, an Umayyad prince who had fled to Spain, began a mosque whose double tiers of red and white arches were enlarged by his successors over two centuries. After Castile took Córdoba in 1236 it became a cathedral, and a Renaissance cathedral was built into its heart from 1523.
People: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān I, al-Ḥakam II