禹貢
禹敷土，隨山刊木，奠高山大川。 冀州：既載壺口，治梁及岐。既修太原，至于岳陽。覃懷厎績，至于衡漳。 厥土惟白壤，厥賦惟上上錯，厥田惟中中。 恒衛既從，大陸既作。島夷皮服。夾右碣石入于河。 濟、河惟兖州：九河既道，雷夏既澤，灉、沮會同。桑土既蠶，是降丘宅土。 厥土黑墳。厥草惟繇，厥木惟條。厥田惟中下，厥賦貞。作十有三載，乃同。 厥貢漆絲，厥篚織文。 浮于濟、漯，達于河。 海、岱惟青州：嵎夷既略，濰、淄其道。 厥土白墳，海濱廣斥。厥田惟上下，厥賦中上。 厥貢鹽、絺，海物惟錯，岱畎絲、枲、鉛、松、怪石。萊夷作牧。厥篚檿絲。 浮于汶，達于濟。 海、岱及淮惟徐州：淮、沂其乂，蒙、羽其藝。大野既豬，東原厎平。 厥土赤埴墳。草木漸包。厥田惟上中，厥賦中中。 厥貢 惟 土五色，羽畎夏翟，嶧陽孤桐，泗濱浮磬，淮夷蠙珠暨魚；厥篚玄纖縞。 浮于淮、泗，達于河。 淮、海惟揚州：彭蠡既豬，陽鳥攸居；三江既入，震澤厎定。篠簜既敷。厥草惟夭，厥木惟喬。厥土惟塗泥。厥田惟下下，厥賦下上、上錯。 厥貢惟金三品，瑤、琨、篠簜，齒、革、羽、毛惟木。島夷卉服。厥篚織貝；厥包橘、柚，錫貢。 沿于江、海，達于淮、泗。 荊及衡陽惟荊州：江、漢朝宗于海，九江孔殷；沱、潛既道，雲土夢作乂。 厥土惟塗泥。厥田惟下中，厥賦上下。 厥貢羽、毛、齒、革，惟金三品，杶、榦、栝、柏，礪、砥、砮、丹，惟箘、簵、楛，三邦厎貢厥名。包匭菁茅；厥篚玄、纁、璣組；九江納錫大龜。 浮于江、沱、潛、漢，逾于洛，至于南河。 荊、河惟豫州：伊、洛、瀍、澗既入于河，滎波既豬，導菏澤，被孟豬。 厥土惟壤，下土墳壚。厥田惟中上，厥賦錯上中。 厥貢漆、枲、絺、紵，厥篚纖、纊，錫貢磬、錯。 浮于洛，達于河。 華陽、黑水惟梁州：岷、嶓既藝，沱、潛既道，蔡蒙旅平，和夷厎績。 厥土青黎，厥田惟下上，厥賦下中三錯。 厥貢璆、鐵、銀、鏤、砮、磬、熊、羆、狐、貍、織皮，西傾因桓是來。 浮于潛，逾于沔，入于渭，亂于河。 黑水、西河惟雍州：弱水既西，涇屬渭汭，漆、沮既從，灃水攸同。荊、岐既旅，終南、惇物，至于鳥鼠；原隰厎績，至于豬野；三危既宅，三苗丕敘。 厥土惟黃壤，厥田惟上上，厥賦中下。 厥貢惟球、琳，琅玕。 浮于積石，至于龍門西河，會于渭汭。 織皮：崐崘、析支、渠搜，西戎即敘。 導岍及岐，至于荊山，逾于河； 壺口、雷首，至于太岳； 厎柱、析城，至于王屋； 太行、恒山，至于碣石，入于海； 西傾、朱圉、鳥鼠，至于太華； 熊耳、外方、桐柏，至于陪尾。 導嶓冢，至于荊山；內方，至于大別； 岷山之陽，至于衡山，過九江，至于敷淺原。 導弱水，至于合黎，餘波入于流沙。 導黑水，至于三危，入于南海。 導河積石，至于龍門，南至于華陰，東至于厎柱，又東至于孟津，東過洛汭，至于大伾；北過降水，至于大陸，又北播爲九河，同爲逆河，入于海。 嶓冢導漾，東流爲漢，又東爲滄浪之水，過三澨，至于大別，南入于江；東匯澤爲彭蠡，東爲北江，入于海。 岷山導江，東別爲沱，又東至于澧，過九江，至于東陵，東迤北會于匯，東爲中江，入于海。 導沇水，東流爲濟，入于河，溢爲滎，東出于陶丘北，又東至于菏，又東北會于汶，又北東入于海。 導淮自桐柏，東會于泗、沂，東入于海。 導渭自鳥鼠同穴，東會于灃，又東會于涇，又東過漆沮，入于河。 導洛自熊耳，東北會于澗、瀍，又東會于伊，又東北入于河。 九州攸同，四隩既宅；九山刊旅，九川滌源，九澤既陂。四海會同，六府孔修。庶土交正，厎慎財賦，咸則三壤成賦。中邦錫土姓，祗台德先，不距朕行。 五百里甸服：百里賦納總，二百里納銍，三百里納秸服，四百里粟，五百里米。 五百里侯服：百里采，二百里男邦，三百里諸侯。 五百里綏服：三百里揆文教，二百里奮武衛。 五百里要服：三百里夷，二百里蔡。 五百里荒服：三百里蠻，二百里流。 東漸于海，西被于流沙，朔、南暨聲教，訖于四海。禹錫玄圭，告厥成功。
PART III. THE BOOKS OF HSIÂ. Book I. The Tribute of Yü. Section 1.
Yü divided the land. Following the course of the hills, he cut down the trees. He determined the highest hills and largest rivers (in the several regions). With respect to Kî Kâu, he did his work at Hû-khâu, and took effective measures at (the mountains) Liang and Khî. Having repaired the works on Thâi-yüan, he proceeded on to the south of (mount) Yo. He was successful with his labours on Tan-hwâi, and went on to the cross-flowing stream of Kang. The soil of this province was whitish and mellow. Its contribution of revenue was the highest of the highest class, with some proportion of the second. Its fields were the average of the middle class. The (waters of the) Hăng and Wei were brought to their proper channels, and Tâ-lü was made capable of cultivation. The wild people of the islands (brought) dresses of skins (i.e. fur dresses); keeping close on the right to the rocks of Kieh, they entered the Ho. Between the Kî and the Ho was Yen Kâu. The nine branches of the Ho were made to keep their proper channels. Lêi-hsiâ was made a marsh, in which (the waters of) the Yung and the Zü were united. The mulberry grounds were made fit for silkworms, and then (the people) came down from the heights, and occupied the grounds (below). The soil of this province was blackish and rich; the grass in it was luxuriant, and the trees grew high. Its fields were the lowest of the middle class. Its contribution of revenue was fixed at what would just be deemed the correct amount; but it was not required from it, as from the other provinces, till after it had been cultivated for thirteen years. Its articles of tribute were varnish and silk, and, in baskets, woven ornamental fabrics. They floated along the Kî and Thâ, and so reached the Ho. The sea and (mount) Tâi were the boundaries of Khing Kâu. (The territory of) Yü-î was defined; and the Wei- and Zze were made to keep their (old) channels. Its soil was whitish and rich. Along the shore of the sea were wide tracts of salt land. Its fields were the lowest of the first class, and its contribution of revenue the highest of the second. Its articles of tribute were salt, fine cloth of dolichos fibre, productions of the sea of various kinds; with silk, hemp, lead, pine trees, and strange stones, from the valleys of Tâi. The wild people of Lâi were taught tillage and pasturage, and brought in their baskets the silk from the mountain mulberry tree. They floated along the Wăn, and so reached the Kî. The sea, mount Tâi, and the Hwâi were (the boundaries of) Hsü Kâu. The Hwâi and the Î (rivers) were regulated. The (hills) Măng and Yü were made fit for cultivation. (The waters of) Tâ-yeh were confined (so as to form a marsh); and (the tract of) Tung-yüan was successfully brought under management. The soil of this province was red, clayey, and rich. Its grass and trees grew more and more bushy. Its fields were the second of the highest class; its contribution of revenue was the average of the second. Its articles of tribute were—earth of five different colours, variegated pheasants from the valleys of mount Yü, the solitary dryandra from the south of mount Yî, and the sounding-stones that (seemed to) float on the (banks of the) Sze. The wild tribes about the Hwâi brought oyster-pearls and fish, and their baskets full of deep azure and other silken fabrics, chequered and pure white. They floated along the Hwâi and the Sze, and so reached the Ho. The Hwâi and the sea formed (the boundaries of) Yang Kâu. The (lake of) Phăng-lî was confined to its proper limits, and the sun-birds (=the wild geese) had places to settle on. The three Kiang were led to enter the sea, and it became possible to still the marsh of Kăn. The bamboos, small and large, then spread about; the grass grew thin and long, and the trees rose high; the soil was miry. The fields of this province were the lowest of the lowest class; its contribution of revenue was the highest of the lowest class, with a proportion of the class above. Its articles of tribute were gold, silver, and copper; yâo and khwăn stones; bamboos, small and large; (elephants') teeth, hides, feathers, hair, and timber. The wild people of the islands brought garments of grass, with silks woven in shell-patterns in their baskets. Their bundles contained small oranges and pummeloes,—rendered when specially required. They followed the course of the Kiang and the sea, and so reached the Hwâi and the Sze. (Mount) King and the south of (mount) Hăng formed (the boundaries of) King Kâu. The Kiang and the Han pursued their (common) course to the sea, as if they were hastening to court. The nine Kiang were brought into complete order. The Tho and Khien (streams) were conducted by their proper channels. The land in (the marsh of) Yün (became visible), and (the marsh of) Măng was made capable of cultivation. The soil of this province was miry. Its fields were the average of the middle class; and its contribution of revenue was the lowest of the highest class. Its articles of tribute were feathers, hair, (elephants') teeth, and hides; gold, silver, and copper; khun trees, wood for bows, cedars, and cypresses; grindstones, whetstones, flint stones to make arrow-heads, and cinnabar; and the khün and lû bamboos, with the hû tree, (all good for making arrows)—of which the Three Regions were able to contribute the best specimens. The three-ribbed rush was sent in bundles, put into cases. The baskets were filled with silken fabrics, azure and deep purple, and with strings of pearls that were not quite round. From the (country of the) nine Kiang, the great tortoise was presented when specially required (and found). They floated down the Kiang, the Tho, the Khien, and the Han, and crossed (the country) to the Lo, whence they reached the most southern part of the Ho. The King (mountain) and the Ho were (the boundaries of) Yü Kâu. The Î, the Lo, the Khan, and the Kien were conducted to the Ho. The (marsh of) Yung-po was confined within its proper limits. The (waters of that of) Ko were led to (the marsh of) Măng-kû. The soil of this province was mellow; in the lower parts it was (in some places) rich, and (in others) dark and thin. Its fields were the highest of the middle class; and its contribution of revenue was the average of the highest class, with a proportion of the very highest. Its articles of tribute were varnish, hemp, fine cloth of dolichos fibre, and the bœhmerea. The baskets were full of chequered silks, and of fine floss silk. Stones for polishing sounding-stones were rendered when required. They floated along the Lo, and so reached the Ho. The south of (mount) Hwâ and the Black-water were (the boundaries of) Liang Kâu. The (hills) Min and Po were made capable of cultivation. The Tho and Khien streams were conducted by their proper channels. Sacrifices were offered to (the hills) Zhâi and Mâng on the regulation (of the country about them).* (The country of) the wild tribes about the Ho was successfully operated on. The soil of this province was greenish and light. Its fields were the highest of the lowest class; and its contribution of revenue was the average of the lowest class, with proportions of the rates immediately above and below. Its articles of tribute were—the best gold, iron, silver, steel, flint stones to make arrow-heads, and sounding-stones; with the skins of bears, foxes, and jackals, and (nets) woven of their hair. From (the hill of) Hsî-khing they came by the course of the Hwan; floated along the Khien, and then crossed (the country) to the Mien; passed to the Wei, and (finally) ferried across the Ho. The Black-water and western Ho were (the boundaries of) Yung Kâu. The Weak-water was conducted westwards. The King was led to mingle its waters with those of the Wei. The Khî and the Khü were next led in a similar way (to the Wèi), and the waters of the Fêng found the same receptacle. (The mountains) King and Khî were sacrificed to.* (Those of) Kung-nan and Khun-wû (were also regulated), and (all the way) on to Niâo-shû. Successful measures could now be taken with the plains and swamps, even to (the marsh of) Kû-yeh. (The country of) San-wei was made habitable, and the (affairs of the) people of San-miâo were greatly arranged. The soil of the province was yellow and mellow. Its fields were the highest of the highest class, and its contribution of revenue the lowest of the second. Its articles of tribute were the khiû jade and the lin, and (the stones called) lang-kan. Past Kî-shih they floated on to Lung-măn on the western Ho. They then met on the north of the Wei (with the tribute-bearers from other quarters). Hair-cloth and skins (were brought from) Khwăn-lun, Hsî-kih, and Khü-sâu;—the wild tribes of the west (all) coming to (submit to Yü's) arrangements. The division of the Book into two sections is a convenient arrangement, but modern, and not always followed. The former section gives a view of Yü's labours in each particular province. This gives a general view of the mountain ranges of the country, and of the principal streams; going on to other labours, subsequently, as was seen in the Introduction, ascribed to Yü,—his conferring lands and surnames, and dividing the whole territory into five domains. The contents are divided into five chapters:—the first, describing the mountains; the second, describing the rivers; the third, containing a summary of all the labours of Yü thus far mentioned; the fourth, relating his other labours; and the fifth, celebrating Yü's fame, and the completion of his work. (Yü) surveyed and described (the hills), beginning with Khien and Khî and proceeding to mount King; then, crossing the Ho, Hû-khâu, and Lêi-shâu, going on to Thâi-yo. (After these came) Ti-kû and Hsî-khăng, from which he went on to Wang-wû; (then there were) Thâi-hang and mount Hăng, from which he proceeded to the rocks of Kieh, where he reached the sea. (South of the Ho, he surveyed) Hsî-khing, Kû-yü, and Niâo-shu, going on to Thâi-hwâ; (then) Hsiung-r, Wâi-fang, and Thung-pâi, from which he proceeded to Pei-wei. He surveyed and described Po-khung, going on to (the other) mount King; and Nêi-fang, from which he went on to Tâ-pieh. (He did the same with) the south of mount Min, and went on to mount Hăng. Then crossing the nine Kiang, he proceeded to the plain of Fû-khien. He traced the Weak-water as far as the Ho-lî (mountains), from which its superfluous waters went away among the moving sands. He traced the Black-water as far as San-wei, from which it (went away to) enter the southern sea. He traced the Ho from Kî-shih as far as Lung-măn; and thence, southwards, to the north of (mount) Hwâ; eastward then to Tî-khû; eastward (again) to the ford of Măng; eastward (still) to the junction of the Lo; and then on to Tâ-pei. (From this the course was) northwards, past the Kiang-water, on to Tâ-lü; north from which the river was divided, and became the nine Ho, which united again, and formed the Meeting Ho, when they entered the sea. From Po-khung he traced the Yang, which, flowing eastwards, became the Han. Farther east it became the water of Zhang-lang; and after passing the three Dykes, it went on to Tâ-pieh, southwards from which it entered the Kiang. Eastward still, and whirling on, it formed the marsh of Phăng-lî; and from that its eastern flow was the northern Kiang, as which it entered the sea. From mount Min he traced the Kiang, which, branching off to the east, formed the Tho; eastward again, it reached the Lî, passed the nine Kiang, and went onto Tung-ling; then flowing east, and winding to the north, it joined (the Han) with its eddying movements. From that its eastern flow was the middle Kiang, as which it entered the sea. He traced the Yen water, which, flowing eastward, became the Kî, and entered the Ho. (Thereafter) it flowed out, and became the Yung (marsh). Eastward, it issued forth on the north of Thâo-khiû, and flowed farther east to (the marsh of) Ko; then it went north-east, and united with the Wăn; thence it went north, and (finally) entered the sea on the east. He traced the Hwâi from the hill of Thung-pâi. Flowing east, it united with the Sze and the Î, and (still) with an eastward course entered the sea. He traced the Wei from (the hill) Niâo-shû-thung-hsüeh. Flowing eastward, it united with the Fêng, and eastwards again with the King. Farther east still, it passed the Khî and the Khü, and entered the Ho. He traced the Lo from (the hill) Hsiung-r. Flowing to the north-east, it united with the Kien and the Khan, and eastwards still with the Î. Then on the north-east it entered the Ho. (Thus), throughout the nine provinces a similar order was effected:—the grounds along the waters were everywhere made habitable; the hills were cleared of their superfluous wood and sacrificed to;* the sources of the rivers were cleared; the marshes were well banked; and access to the capital was secured for all within the four seas. The six magazines (of material wealth) were fully attended to; the different parts of the country were subjected to an exact comparison, so that contribution of revenue could be carefully adjusted according to their resources. (The fields) were all classified with reference to the three characters of the soil; and the revenues for the Middle Region were established. He conferred lands and surnames. (He said), 'Let me set the example of a reverent attention to my virtue, and none will act contrary to my conduct.' Five hundred lî formed the Domain of the Sovereign. From the first hundred they brought as revenue the whole plant of the grain; from the second, the ears, with a portion of the stalk; from the third, the straw, but the people had to perform various services; from the fourth, the grain in the husk; and from the fifth, the grain cleaned. Five hundred lî (beyond) constituted the Domain of the Nobles. The first hundred lî was occupied by the cities and lands of the (sovereign's) high ministers and great officers; the second, by the principalities of the barons; and the (other) three hundred, by the various other princes. Five hundred lî (still beyond) formed the Peace-securing Domain. In the first three hundred, they cultivated the lessons of learning and moral duties; in the other two, they showed the energies of war and defence. Five hundred lî (remoter still) formed the Domain of Restraint. The (first) three hundred were occupied by the tribes of the Î; the (other) two hundred, by criminals undergoing the lesser banishment. Five hundred lî (the most remote) constituted the Wild Domain. The (first) three hundred were occupied by the tribes of the Man; the (other) two hundred, by criminals undergoing the greater banishment. On the east, reaching to the sea; on the west, extending to the moving sands; to the utmost limits of the north and south:—his fame and influence filled up (all within) the four seas. Yü presented the dark-coloured symbol of his rank, and announced the completion of his work.